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proportion

  • G UILLAIN-BARRéSYNDROME(GBS)is an uncommon disorder,but one whose impact is far out of proportion

    G UILLAIN-BARRéSYNDROME(GBS)is an uncommon disorder,but one whose impact is far out of proportion to its incidence.Despite a usually good prognosis,GBS is a particularly frightening and often life- altering experience for those diagnosed with the disorder.Many patients are acutely aware of the rapid loss of control of their muscular function, including vital functions such as breathing and swallowing,and fre- quently feel that they are dying.The experience is almost as unnerving for the families of affected individuals.During the acute phase of the ill- ness GBS patients experience the indignity of helplessness in addition to their fear of death or permanent disability.Prolonged disability is com- mon and some permanent residual effects are becoming increasingly recognized.It has been our experience in meeting patients at support groups,that individuals who have been affected by GBS have a great desire for a better understanding of the disorder,even years after the acute experience.

    标签: UILLAIN-BARR proportion SYNDROME disorder

    上传时间: 2017-07-11

    上传用户:cuibaigao

  • 基于PIC16C71的数字水温配制阀的设计

      设计了一种基于PIC16C71单片机的数字水温配制阀。该配制阀采用NTC热敏电阻作温度传感器,与固定电阻组成简单分压电路作为水温测量电路,利用PIC16C71单片机内置的8位A/D转换器把热敏电阻上的模拟电压转换为数字量,PIC16C71单片机控制直流电机驱动混水阀调节冷热水的混合比例实现水温调节。给出了控制电路图,对水温测量电路的参数选择和测温精度作了详细讨论。实验和分析表明,选用阻值较大的NTC热敏电阻和分压电阻可较好地解决热敏电阻因功耗较大造成的热击穿问题。   Abstract:   A digital valve for controlling water temperature based on PIC16C71 was presented in this paper.A bleeder circuit which consisted of a NTC thermistor as temperature sensor and a fixed resistance was designed as water temperature measuring circuit.The analog voltage on the thermistor was converted into digital signal by a 8-bit A/D converter embedded in PIC16C71. Based on the digital signal, the MCU PIC16C71 drived the valve by a DC motor to adjust the water temperature through adjusting the proportion of hot water and cold water.The circuit diagram of controller was given,the principle,the component parameters and the accuracy of measuring temperatures were also dissertated in detail. It was found by experiment and analysis that thermal breakdown of thermistor caused by high power could be solved by selecting thermistor and fixed resistance with high impedance value.

    标签: PIC 16C C71 16

    上传时间: 2013-11-07

    上传用户:Yue Zhong

  • PID方法详解

    对于PID初学者颇有指导,将偏差的比例(proportion)、积分(Integral)和微分(Differential)通过线性组合构成控制量, 用这一控制量对被控对象进行控制,这样的控制器称 PID 控制器。 

    标签: PID

    上传时间: 2016-04-27

    上传用户:547453159

  • pid教程

    pid控制 #ifndef _PID_H #ifndef _PID_H #ifdef _PID_C     #define PID_EXT #else     #define PID_EXT extern #endif typedef struct PID {     int SetPoint;          unsigned char BitMove;          float proportion;     float Integral;     float Derivative;          int iError;     int iIncpid;          int LastError;     int PrevError;          int Uk; }PID,*pPID; PID_EXT PID sPID; PID_EXT pPID sptr; void IncPIDInit(void); int IncPIDCalc(int NextPoint); #endif

    标签: pid 教程

    上传时间: 2019-08-02

    上传用户:stcwzy

  • Multi-Functional MIMO Systems

    The family of recent wireless standards included the optional employment of Multiple-Input Multiple-Output(MIMO)techniques.This was motivatedby the observationaccordingto the classic Shannon–Hartley law that the achievable channel capacity increases logarithmically with the transmit power. In contrast, the MIMO capacity increases linearly with the number of transmit antennas, provided that the number of receive antennas is equal to the number of transmit antennas. With the further proviso that the total transmit power is increased in proportion to the number of transmit antennas, a linear capacity increase is achieved upon increasing the transmit power, which justifies the spectacular success of MIMO systems.

    标签: Multi-Functional Systems MIMO

    上传时间: 2020-05-30

    上传用户:shancjb

  • PID-磁悬浮-基于Arduino的简易磁悬浮装置原理图和源代码

    首先介绍一下原理,其实很简单,磁力对悬浮物的控制,其基本原理是:霍尔传感器在浮子的正下方,当检测到浮子向左运动时,两边的线圈一个吸一个拉,把它推向右;反之如果浮子想右运动,那么两个线圈的电流都反向,总共两组共四个这样的线圈,就可以把浮子限制在二维平面之内了。但是线圈产生的力是比较小的,因此只能够推动浮子在水平面移动,要克服浮子的重力让它悬浮起来,就要在四个线圈下面再加一个大的环形磁铁提供斥力。为了让悬浮更加稳定,我们采用了PID控制的平衡算法,对PID算法的了解有助于我们对整个实验原理的理解,借用网上对PID的一段介绍:在工程实际中,PID控制是应用最为广泛的调节器控制机制。PID控制中得P代表比例,即proportion;I代表积分,即integral;D代表微分,即differential;因此,PID控制,即比例-积分-微分控制。当被控对象的结构和参数不能完全掌握,或者得不到精确的数学模型时,其他的控制方法难以采用,那么控制器的结构和参数必须结合经验和现场调试来决定,在这种情况下采用PID调节最为方便。首先,比例控制是一种最简单的控制方式,就像胡克公式中的比例系数一样,当控制器的输出与输入信号成比例关系,那么就可以得到一个比例系数。其次,积分控制是指控制器的输出与输入的误差信号的积分有关。就如同电路中的电感元件,某个时刻的电压与电流的积分有关。类似的,有时候信号的输出必须综合之前信号的输入,而这种综合往往是求和关系,因此使用积分控制简单易行。最后,微分控制是指控制器的输出与输入信号的微分有关。最简单的微分关系就是速度是位矢的微分。我们在控制悬浮物的平衡时,光知道悬浮物偏离平衡位置的位移从而采用比例控制是不够的,对于同样的偏离位移,悬浮物可能有不同的速度,那么要求我们对悬浮物有不同的处理方法,而恰恰速度是位矢的微分,于是我们可以通过对位移输入数据进行微分操作,来实现对悬浮物的精确实时控制。可见,PID控制器是一种那个动态的控制机制。 以上就是实现下推式磁悬浮的基本原理,借助以上的基本原理,结合一定的软件算法实现,我们就可以对悬浮物进行动态控制。

    标签: pid arduino 磁悬浮

    上传时间: 2022-06-07

    上传用户:canderile

  • 温度控制的PID算法的C语言程序.

    #nclude<reg51.h>#include<intrins.h>#销nclude<math.h>#include<string.h>struct PID{unsigned int SetPoint;//设定目标 Desired Value unsigned int proportion;//比例常数proportional Const unsigned int integral;//积分常数Integral Const unsigned int Derivative://微分常数Derivative Const unsigned int LastError;//Emorl-1]unsigned int PrevError;//Errorl-2]unsigned int SumError;//Sums of Errors struct PID spid;//PID Control Structure unsigned int rout;//PID Response(Output)unsigned int rin://PID Feedback(Input)sbit data1=P100;sbit clk=P141;sbit plus=P240;sbit subs=P241:sbit stop=P22;sbit output=P34;sbit DQ=P33;unsigned char flag,flag_1=0;unsigned char high_time,low_time,.count=0,/占空比调节参数unsigned char set_temper=35;unsigned char temper;unsigned chari:unsigned charj=0;unsigned ints;

    标签: 温度控制 pid算法 C语言

    上传时间: 2022-07-02

    上传用户:xsr1983

  • PID控制原理及编程方法

    将偏差的比例(proportion)、积分(Integral)和微分(Differential)通过线性组合构成控制量,用这一控制量对被控对象进行控制,这样的控制器称PID控制器。1.1模拟PID控制原理在模拟控制系统中,控制器最常用的控制规律是PID控制。为了说明控制器的工作原理,先看一个例子。如图1-1所示是一个小功率直流电机的调速原理图。给定速度n(f)与实际转速进行比较n(),其差值e()=n(0-n(),经过PID控制器调整后输出电压控制信号u),u)经过功率放大后,驱动直流电动机改变其转速。常规的模拟PID控制系统原理框图如图1-2所示。该系统由模拟PID控制器和被控对象组成。图中,r()是给定值,y(f)是系统的实际输出值,给定值与实际输出值构成控制偏差e(t)e()作为PID控制的输入,以)作为PID控制器的输出和被控对象的输入。所以模拟PID控制器的控制规律为

    标签: pid控制

    上传时间: 2022-07-03

    上传用户:zinuoyu