上下文无关文法(Context-Free Grammar, CFG)是一个4元组G=(V, T, S, P),其中,V和T是不相交的有限集,S∈V,P是一组有限的产生式规则集,形如A→α,其中A∈V,且α∈(V∪T)*。V的元素称为非终结符,T的元素称为终结符,S是一个特殊的非终结符,称为文法开始符。 设G=(V, T, S, P)是一个CFG,则G产生的语言是所有可由G产生的字符串组成的集合,即L(G)={x∈T* | Sx}。一个语言L是上下文无关语言(Context-Free Language, CFL),当且仅当存在一个CFG G,使得L=L(G)。 *⇒ 例如,设文法G:S→AB A→aA|a B→bB|b 则L(G)={a^nb^m | n,m>=1} 其中非终结符都是大写字母,开始符都是S,终结符都是小写字母。
标签: Context-Free Grammar CFG
上传时间: 2013-12-10
上传用户:gaojiao1999
一本学习hibernate的电子书,providing an easy-to-use and powerful object-relational persistence framework for Java applications.
上传时间: 2015-10-11
上传用户:zhangyi99104144
penMesh is a generic and efficient data structure for representing and manipulating polygonal meshes. OpenMesh is developed at the Computer Graphics Group, RWTH Aachen , as part of the OpenSGPlus project, is funded by the German Ministry for Research and Education ( BMBF), and will serve as geometry kernel upon which the so-called high level primitives (e.g. subdivision surfaces or progressive meshes) of OpenSGPlus are built. It was designed with the following goals in mind : Flexibility : provide a basis for many different algorithms without the need for adaptation. Efficiency : maximize time efficiency while keeping memory usage as low as possible. Ease of use : wrap complex internal structure in an easy-to-use interface.
标签: manipulating representing and efficient
上传时间: 2015-10-14
上传用户:米卡
Enabling Applications for Grid Computing with Globus(通过 Globus 启用应用程序的网格计算功能) 这本 IBM 红皮书是 Introduction to Grid Computing with Globus(SG24-6895)的后续读物,它讨论了应用程序运行在网格环境中的一些问题和注意事项。书中的程序示例都是基于Globus Toolkit V2.2 提供的。 本书的第一部分介绍了在应用程序中启用网格功能的多个相关问题,从基础设施、应用程序和数据要求等各个角度来考虑。 本书第二部分提供了许多 C/C++ 和 Java 的编程实例,有助于巩固网格计算的概念,明确开发运行于网格环境中的应用程序时必须解决几类编程任务。
标签: Globus Applications Computing Enabling
上传时间: 2013-12-23
上传用户:84425894
一:需求分析 1. 问题描述 魔王总是使用自己的一种非常精练而抽象的语言讲话,没人能听懂,但他的语言是可逐步解释成人能听懂的语言,因为他的语言是由以下两种形式的规则由人的语言逐步抽象上去的: ----------------------------------------------------------- (1) a---> (B1)(B2)....(Bm) (2)[(op1)(p2)...(pn)]---->[o(pn)][o(p(n-1))].....[o(p1)o] ----------------------------------------------------------- 在这两种形式中,从左到右均表示解释.试写一个魔王语言的解释系统,把 他的话解释成人能听得懂的话. 2. 基本要求: 用下述两条具体规则和上述规则形式(2)实现.设大写字母表示魔王语言的词汇 小写字母表示人的语言的词汇 希腊字母表示可以用大写字母或小写字母代换的变量.魔王语言可含人的词汇. (1) B --> tAdA (2) A --> sae 3. 测试数据: B(ehnxgz)B 解释成 tsaedsaeezegexenehetsaedsae若将小写字母与汉字建立下表所示的对应关系,则魔王说的话是:"天上一只鹅地上一只鹅鹅追鹅赶鹅下鹅蛋鹅恨鹅天上一只鹅地上一只鹅". | t | d | s | a | e | z | g | x | n | h | | 天 | 地 | 上 | 一只| 鹅 | 追 | 赶 | 下 | 蛋 | 恨 |
上传时间: 2014-12-02
上传用户:jkhjkh1982
卡内基梅隆大学(cmu)课程,Introduction to Computer Systems
上传时间: 2015-11-19
上传用户:nanxia
The Joint Video Team (JVT) of ISO/IEC MPEG and ITU-T VCEG are finalising a new standard for the coding (compression) of natural video images. The new standard [1] will be known as H.264 and also MPEG-4 Part 10, “Advanced Video Coding”. The standard specifies two types of entropy coding: Context-based Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding (CABAC) and Variable-Length Coding (VLC). This document provides a short introduction to CABAC. Familiarity with the concept of Arithmetic Coding is assumed.
标签: finalising standard Joint ITU-T
上传时间: 2015-12-08
上传用户:561596
Standard-Library Exception Safety Bjarne Stroustrup Texas A&M University (and AT&T Labs – Research) http://www.research.att.com/~bs Introduction to the C++ exception handling mechanisms and “resource acquisition is initialization” for people with little experience with exceptions
标签: Standard-Library Stroustrup University Exception
上传时间: 2015-12-11
上传用户:懒龙1988
Rao-Blackwellised Particle Filters (RBPFs) are a class of Particle Filters (PFs) that exploit conditional dependencies between parts of the state to estimate. By doing so, RBPFs can improve the estimation quality while also reducing the overall computational load in comparison to original PFs. However, the computational complexity is still too high for many real-time applications. In this paper, we propose a modified RBPF that requires a single Kalman Filter (KF) iteration per input sample. Comparative experiments show that while good convergence can still be obtained, computational efficiency is always drastically increased, making this algorithm an option to consider for real-time implementations.
标签: Particle Filters Rao-Blackwellised exploit
上传时间: 2016-01-02
上传用户:refent
卡内基·梅隆大学的软件工程系列教材之、一,信息系统概论( Introduction to Information Systems)
上传时间: 2014-01-17
上传用户:ynwbosss