对于PID初学者颇有指导，将偏差的比例（Proportion）、积分（Integral）和微分（Differential）通过线性组合构成控制量， 用这一控制量对被控对象进行控制，这样的控制器称 PID 控制器。
标签： PID
上传时间： 2016-04-27
上传用户：547453159
pid控制 #ifndef _PID_H #ifndef _PID_H #ifdef _PID_C #define PID_EXT #else #define PID_EXT extern #endif typedef struct PID { int SetPoint; unsigned char BitMove; float Proportion; float Integral; float Derivative; int iError; int iIncpid; int LastError; int PrevError; int Uk; }PID,*pPID; PID_EXT PID sPID; PID_EXT pPID sptr; void IncPIDInit(void); int IncPIDCalc(int NextPoint); #endif
上传时间： 2019-08-02
上传用户：stcwzy
The Internet of Things is considered to be the next big opportunity, and challenge, for the Internet engineering community, users of technology, companies and society as a whole. It involves connecting embedded devices such as sensors, home appliances, weather stations and even toys to Internet Protocol (IP) based networks. The number of IP-enabled embedded devices is increasing rapidly, and although hard to estimate, will surely outnumber the number of personal computers (PCs) and servers in the future. With the advances made over the past decade in microcontroller,low-power radio, battery and microelectronic technology, the trend in the industry is for smart embedded devices (called smart objects) to become IP-enabled, and an Integral part of the latest services on the Internet. These services are no longer cyber, just including data created by humans, but are to become very connected to the physical world around us by including sensor data, the monitoring and control of machines, and other kinds of physical context. We call this latest frontier of the Internet, consisting of wireless low-power embedded devices, the Wireless Embedded Internet. Applications that this new frontier of the Internet enable are critical to the sustainability, efficiency and safety of society and include home and building automation, healthcare, energy efficiency, smart grids and environmental monitoring to name just a few.
标签： Embedded Internet Wireless 6LoWPAN The
上传时间： 2020-05-25
上传用户：shancjb
Device-to-device(D2D) communications are now considered as an Integral part of future 5G networks which will enable direct communication between user equipment (UE) without unnecessary routing via the network infrastructure. This architecture will result in higher throughputs than conventional cellular networks, but with the increased potential for co-channel interference induced by randomly located cellular and D2D UEs.
标签： Device-to-Device Communications Analysis of
上传时间： 2020-05-26
上传用户：shancjb
In this chapter we give a quick overview of control theory, explaining why Integral feedback control works, describing PID controllers, and summariz- ing some of the currently available techniques for PID controller design. This background will serve to motivate our results on PID control, pre- sented in the subsequent chapters.
标签： Controllers Time-Delay Systems PID for
上传时间： 2020-06-09
上传用户：shancjb
%this is an example demonstrating the Radial Basis Function %if you select a RBF that supports it (Gausian, or 1st or 3rd order %polyharmonic spline), this also calculates a line Integral between two %points.
上传时间： 2021-07-02
上传用户：19800358905
以单片机控制A/D转换器TLC549为例,对A/D转换器的主要技术指标进行了分析研究,在Proteus平台下,完成了A/D转换电路的构建,采用器件工作时序方式进行程序编写,借助仿真图表、虚拟仪器等工具对A/D转换的数据进行测量并对失调误差、增益误差、微分非线性、积分非线性和转换时间等重要参数进行了详细分析。结果表明:使用Proteus软件可对A/D转换过程进行定性分析,将抽象的A/D转换器技术指标直观化、形象化展现出来,有助于学生更好地理解A/D转换过程。The main technical indicators of A/D converter were analyzed and studied with an example from A/D converter TLC2543 which is controlled by using SCM.It was completed the construction of the A/D converter circuit under the Proteus software.The programming based on the operation sequence of the chip is put forward.With the aid of the simulation tools such as virtual instrument,simulation charts provided by Proteus,the important parameters of circuit such as offset error,gain error,differential nonlinearity(DNL),Integral nonlinearity (INL) and conversion time are analyzed detailedly.Simulation results show that the A/D conversion process can be qualitatively analyzed and visualized the abstract indicators of A/D.The system can help students better to understand the SCM conversion process.
上传时间： 2022-04-04
上传用户：sheng199241
首先介绍一下原理，其实很简单，磁力对悬浮物的控制，其基本原理是：霍尔传感器在浮子的正下方，当检测到浮子向左运动时，两边的线圈一个吸一个拉，把它推向右；反之如果浮子想右运动，那么两个线圈的电流都反向，总共两组共四个这样的线圈，就可以把浮子限制在二维平面之内了。但是线圈产生的力是比较小的，因此只能够推动浮子在水平面移动，要克服浮子的重力让它悬浮起来，就要在四个线圈下面再加一个大的环形磁铁提供斥力。为了让悬浮更加稳定，我们采用了PID控制的平衡算法，对PID算法的了解有助于我们对整个实验原理的理解，借用网上对PID的一段介绍：在工程实际中，PID控制是应用最为广泛的调节器控制机制。PID控制中得P代表比例，即proportion；I代表积分，即Integral；D代表微分，即differential；因此，PID控制，即比例-积分-微分控制。当被控对象的结构和参数不能完全掌握，或者得不到精确的数学模型时，其他的控制方法难以采用，那么控制器的结构和参数必须结合经验和现场调试来决定，在这种情况下采用PID调节最为方便。首先，比例控制是一种最简单的控制方式，就像胡克公式中的比例系数一样，当控制器的输出与输入信号成比例关系，那么就可以得到一个比例系数。其次，积分控制是指控制器的输出与输入的误差信号的积分有关。就如同电路中的电感元件，某个时刻的电压与电流的积分有关。类似的，有时候信号的输出必须综合之前信号的输入，而这种综合往往是求和关系，因此使用积分控制简单易行。最后，微分控制是指控制器的输出与输入信号的微分有关。最简单的微分关系就是速度是位矢的微分。我们在控制悬浮物的平衡时，光知道悬浮物偏离平衡位置的位移从而采用比例控制是不够的，对于同样的偏离位移，悬浮物可能有不同的速度，那么要求我们对悬浮物有不同的处理方法，而恰恰速度是位矢的微分，于是我们可以通过对位移输入数据进行微分操作，来实现对悬浮物的精确实时控制。可见，PID控制器是一种那个动态的控制机制。 以上就是实现下推式磁悬浮的基本原理，借助以上的基本原理，结合一定的软件算法实现，我们就可以对悬浮物进行动态控制。
上传时间： 2022-06-07
上传用户：canderile
本应用笔记介绍一种采用dsPIC数字信号控制器（Digital Signal Controller，DSC）或PIC24单片机来实现无刷直流（Brushless Direct Current，BLDC）电机无传感器控制的算法。该算法利用对反电动势（Back-Electromotive Force，BEMF）进行数字滤波的择多函数来实现。通过对电机的每一相进行滤波来确定电机驱动电压换相的时刻。这一控制技术省却了分立的低通滤波硬件和片外比较器。需指出，这里论述的所有内容及应用软件，都是假定使用三相电机。该电机控制算法包括四个主要部分：·利用DSC或单片机的模数转换器（Analog-to-Digital Converter，ADC）来采样梯形波BEMF信号·PWM导通侧ADC采样，以降低噪声并解决低电感问题·将梯形波BEMF信号与VBUS/2进行比较，以检测过零点·用择多函数滤波器对比较结果信号进行滤波·以三种不同模式对电机驱动电压进行换相：-传统开环控制器·传统闭环控制器比例-积分（Proportional-Integral，Pl）闭环控制器
标签： BLDC
上传时间： 2022-07-01
上传用户：zhengtiantong
#nclude<reg51.h>#include<intrins.h>#销nclude<math.h>#include<string.h>struct PID{unsigned int SetPoint；//设定目标 Desired Value unsigned int Proportion；//比例常数Proportional Const unsigned int Integral；//积分常数Integral Const unsigned int Derivative://微分常数Derivative Const unsigned int LastError；//Emorl-1]unsigned int PrevError；//Errorl-2]unsigned int SumError；//Sums of Errors struct PID spid；//PID Control Structure unsigned int rout；//PID Response（Output）unsigned int rin://PID Feedback（Input）sbit data1=P100；sbit clk=P141；sbit plus=P240；sbit subs=P241：sbit stop=P22；sbit output=P34；sbit DQ=P33；unsigned char flag，flag_1=0；unsigned char high_time，low_time，.count=0，/占空比调节参数unsigned char set_temper=35；unsigned char temper；unsigned chari：unsigned charj=0；unsigned ints；
上传时间： 2022-07-02
上传用户：xsr1983
