Regulation is a pervasive feature of the telecommunications services Industry today. Government-appointed regulators and judicial or quasi-judicial bodies oversee it in countries at all stages of economic development. Its primary purpose is to encourage, nourish and maintain competition in national and international telecommunications services markets. It is, therefore, a fundamental feature of the legal and commercial landscape within which network owners and service providers operate. The modern development of regulation may be traced to the liberalisation of the Industry from national monopolies from the 1980s onwards.
标签： Telecommunications Regulation
上传时间： 2020-06-01
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The dictionary definition of telecommunications is ‘communication over long distance by cable, telegraph, telephone or broadcasting’, but since its initiation over 100yearsagothingshavemovedrapidly.Telecommunicationsisnowaverycomplex Industrywithmanydifferentpressures,operatinginahighlydynamic environment.It is best viewed as part of a wider Industry known as information and communication technology (ICT). The purpose of this chapter is to explain where telecommunication fits in, to highlight some of the complexities – hopefully to simplify them – and to position the Industry in today’s dynamic business environment.
标签： Telecommunications Understanding Business
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Welcome to the world of wireless communications and the logical extension to the broadband architectures that are emerging as the future of the Industry. No aspect of communications will be untouched by the wireless interfaces;no part of our working environment will be left untouched either. As the world changes and the newer technologies emerge, we can expect to see more in the line of untethered communications than in the wired inter- faces.
标签： Broadband Wireless Handbook
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During the past three decades, the world has seen signifi cant changes in the telecom- munications Industry. There has been rapid growth in wireless communications, as seen by large expansion in mobile systems. Wireless communications have moved from fi rst-generation (1G) systems primarily focused on voice communications to third-generation (3G) systems dealing with Internet connectivity and multi-media applications. The fourth-generation (4G) systems will be designed to connect wire- less personal area networks (WPANs), wireless local area networks (WLANs) and wireless wide-area networks (WWANs).
标签： Communications Networking Wireless
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This chapter provides extensive coverage of existing mobile wireless technologies. Much of the emphasis is on the highly anticipated 3G cellular networks and widely deployed wireless local area networks (LANs), as the next-generation smart phones are likely to offer at least these two types of connectivity. Other wireless technologies that either have already been commercialized or are undergoing active research and standardization are introduced as well. Because standardization plays a crucial role in developing a new technology and a market, throughout the discussion standards organizations and Industry forums or consortiums of some technologies are introduced. In addition, the last section of this chapter presents a list of standards in the wireless arena.
标签： Networking Wireless Complete
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The wide deployment of wireless networks and mobile technologies, along with the significant increase in the number of mobile device users, have created a very strong demand on various wireless-based, mobile-based software application systems and enabling technologies. This not only provides many new business opportunities and challenges to wireless and networking service providers, mobile technology ven- dors, and software Industry and solution integrators, butalso changes and enhances people’s lives in many areas, including communications, information sharing and exchange, commerce, home environment, education, and entertainment. Business organizations and government agencies face new pressure fortechnology updatesto upgrade their networking infrastructures with wireless connectivity to enhance enterprise-oriented systems and solutions.
标签： Wireless-Based Software Systems
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In a world where consumers,businesses and organizations are demanding faster,amerter and more seamlessly converged information technology and communization services,concepts such as Driverless Cars,combining advanced automatic controls,artficial intelligences and automotive transport technologies are soon expected to become a commercial realty.At the same time,new blueprints such as industrial internet and Industry 4.0 are driving the increased digitization of entire industries and economic sectors,boosting efficiencies and productivity.
标签： ZTE-M-ICT
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Electrostatic discharge (ESD) is one of the most prevalent threats to the reliability of electronic components. It is an event in which a finite amount of charge is trans- ferred from one object (i.e., human body) to another (i.e., microchip). This process can result in a very high current passing through the microchip within a very short period of time, and, hence, more than 35% of chip damages can be attributed to an ESD-related event. As such, designing on-chip ESD structures to protect integrated circuits against the ESD stresses is a high priority in the semiconductor Industry.
标签： Electrostatic Protection Discharge
上传时间： 2020-06-05
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Electrostatic discharge (ESD) phenomena have been known to mankind since Thales of Miletus in approximately 600 B.C.E. noticed the attraction of strands of hay to amber. Two thousand six hundred years have passed and the quest to obtain a better under- standing of electrostatics and ESD phenomenon continues. Today, the manufacturing of microelectronics has continued the interest in the field of electrostatic phenomenon spanning factory issues, tooling, materials, and the microelectronic Industry
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As we enter the next millennium, there are clear technological patterns. First, the electronic Industry continues to scale microelectronic structures to achieve faster devices, new devices, or more per unit area. Secondly, electrostatic charge, electrostatic discharge (ESD), electrical overstress (EOS) and electromagnetic emissions (EMI) continue to be a threat to these scaled structures. This dichotomy presents a dilemma for the scaling of semiconductor technologies and a future threat to new technologies. Technological advancements, material changes, design techniques, and simulation can fend off this growing concern – but to maintain this ever-threatening challenge, one must continue to establish research and education in this issue.
标签： ESD-Phenomena-and-the-Reliability
上传时间： 2020-06-05
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