Intensive development of digital technologies coincided in time with the beginning of the new era in telecommunications. It made possible to formalize many proce- dures of data exchange and to atomize some operations which made providing of serviceandmakeworkofmanytelecommunicationworkersmucheasier. Somenew telecommunication technologies were born out of the necessity for use of specific configurations of network elements and networks, as well as for a possibility of providing maximum characteristics of efficiency combined with high requirements to the stability of operation, the overcoming of different catastrophic situations and deadlockconditions,such as failuresand ”pending”of the networkandthe like. The thresholdbetweeninformationsystems andtelecommunicationsystems has become practically invisible. It resulted in such a new term as ”infocommunication”
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The dictionary definition of telecommunications is ‘communication over long distance by cable, telegraph, telephone or broadcasting’, but since its initiation over 100yearsagothingshavemovedrapidly.Telecommunicationsisnowaverycomplex industrywithmanydifferentpressures,operatinginahighlydynamic environment.It is best viewed as part of a wider industry known as information and communication technology (ICT). The purpose of this chapter is to explain where telecommunication fits in, to highlight some of the complexities – hopefully to simplify them – and to position the industry in today’s dynamic business environment.
标签： Telecommunications Understanding Business
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In this first part of the book the Vienna Link Level (LL) Simulators are described. The first chapter provides basics of LL simulations, introduces the most common variables and parameters as well as the transceiver structures that are applied in Long-Term Evolution (LTE) and Long-Term Evolution-Advanced (LTEA). We focus here mostly on the Downlink (DL) of LTE as most results reported in later chapters are related to DL transmissions.
标签： LTE-Advanced Simulators Vienna
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n the first part of this book, we give an introduction to the basic applications of wireless com- munications, as well as the technical problems inherent in this communication paradigm. After a brief history of wireless, Chapter 1 describes the different types of wireless services, and works out their fundamental differences. The subsequent Section 1.3 looks at the same problem from a different angle: what data rates, ranges, etc., occur in practical systems, and especially, what combination of performance measures are demanded (e.g., what data rates need to be transmitted over short distances; what data rates are required over long distances?) Chapter 2 then describes the technical challenges of communicating without wires, putting special emphasis on fading and co-channel interference. Chapter 3 describes the most elementary problem of designing a wireless system, namely to set up a link budget in either a noise-limited or an interference-limited system. After studying this part of the book, the reader should have an overview of different types of wireless services, and understand the technical challenges involved in each of them. The solutions to those challenges are described in the later parts of this book.
标签： Communications Wireless Edition 2nd
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Wireless Mesh Networks (WMN) are believed to be a highly promising technology and will play an increasingly important role in future generation wireless mobile networks. WMN is characterized by dynamic self-organization, self-configuration and self-healing to enable quick deployment, easy maintenance, low cost, high scalability and reliable services, as well as enhancing network capacity, connect- ivity and resilience.
标签： Networking Wireless Mesh
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The explosion in demand for wireless services experienced over the past 20 years has put significant pressure on system designers to increase the capacity of the systems being deployed. While the spectral resource is very scarce and practically exhausted, the biggest possibilities are predicted to be in the areas of spectral reuse by unlicensed users or in exploiting the spatial dimension of the wireless channels. The former approach is now under intense development and is known as the cogni- tive radio approach (Haykin 2005).
标签： Multi-Antenna Wireless Channels Modeling
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This chapter provides extensive coverage of existing mobile wireless technologies. Much of the emphasis is on the highly anticipated 3G cellular networks and widely deployed wireless local area networks (LANs), as the next-generation smart phones are likely to offer at least these two types of connectivity. Other wireless technologies that either have already been commercialized or are undergoing active research and standardization are introduced as well. Because standardization plays a crucial role in developing a new technology and a market, throughout the discussion standards organizations and industry forums or consortiums of some technologies are introduced. In addition, the last section of this chapter presents a list of standards in the wireless arena.
标签： Networking Wireless Complete
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Welcome to the third volume of the book entitled Technologies for the Wireless Future, which is produced by WWRF. The idea is to take the most important outputs from the working groups and special-interest groups that compose the Forum and bring them together in a series of one-volume surveys. The latest of these will give the reader a good overview of the WWRF approach to analyzing the future of wireless and mobile communications, as well as an insight into the trends themselves and the key technologies that will be deployed.
标签： Wireless Research Forum World
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Static electricity is the most ancient form of electricity known to humans. More than 2000 years ago, the Greeks recognized the attraction between certain mate- rials when they were rubbed together; indeed, the word electricity comes from the Greek elektron, which means amber. During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, several key experiments were conducted to understand and measure static electricity. But the discovery of electromagnetism and its formidable break- through has rapidly outgrown interest in static electricity. Even today, where the industrial applications of static electricity are not insignificant, they cannot compare with those of electromagnetism and electrodynamics.
标签： Understand Discharge Electro Static
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Electrostatic discharge (ESD) phenomena have been known to mankind since the Greek Empire when Thales of Miletus, one of the Seven Sages of Greece, noticed the attraction of strands of hay to amber, leading to the coining of the word ‘‘electron.’’ In the 17th century, Gilbert and Cabeo addressed the attractive and repulsive nature of electricity. In the 18th century, a rapid increase of interest occurred for scientists in the understanding of electrical physics—Gray, du Fay, Nollet, Musschenbroeck, Franklin, Watson, Aepinus, Canton,
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