This document provides practical, common guidelines for incorporating PCI Express interconnect layouts onto Printed Circuit Boards (PCB) ranging from 4-layer desktop baseboard designs to 10- layer or more server baseboard designs. Guidelines and constraints in this document are intended for use on both baseboard and add-in card PCB designs. This includes interconnects between PCI Express devices located on the same baseboard (chip-to-chip routing) and interconnects between a PCI Express device located “down” on the baseboard and a device located “up” on an add-in card attached through a connector. This document is intended to cover all major components of the physical interconnect including design guidelines for the PCB traces, vias and AC coupling capacitors, as well as add-in card edge-finger and connector considerations. The intent of the guidelines and examples is to help ensure that good high-speed signal design practices are used and that the timing/jitter and loss/attenuation budgets can also be met from end-to-end across the PCI Express interconnect. However, while general physical guidelines and suggestions are given, they may not necessarily guarantee adequate performance of the interconnect for all layouts and implementations. Therefore, designers should consider modeling and simulation of the interconnect in order to ensure compliance to all applicable specifications. The document is composed of two main sections. The first section provides an overview of general topology and interconnect guidelines. The second section concentrates on physical layout constraints where bulleted items at the beginning of a topic highlight important constraints, while the narrative that follows offers additional insight.
上传时间： 2013-10-15
上传用户：busterman
Abstract: There are differences between the operation of low-frequency AC transformers and electronic transformersthat supply current to MR16 lamps, and there are also differences in the current draw for MR16 halogen lamps andMR16 LED lamps. These contrasts typically prevent an MR16 LED lamp from operating with most electronictransformers. This article explains how a high-brightness (HB) LED driver optimized for MR16 lamps will allow LEDlamps to be compatible with most electronic transformers.A similar version of this article appeared on Display Plus, July 7, 2012 and in German in Elektronikpraxis, October 1,2012.
上传时间： 2013-10-14
上传用户：playboys0
R7732_7733_7735是Richpower公司推出的高效AC TO DC 电源PWM控制芯片,最大功率可以做到75W;如有需求请联系我电话：021-54262182EXT 114 (Eric) QQ ：1187337351
上传时间： 2013-11-20
上传用户：xz85592677
In industrial applications, high voltage power supply spikes with durations ranging from a few microseconds to hundreds of millisecondsare commonly encountered. The electronics in these systems must not only survive transient voltage spikes, but in many cases alsooperate reliably throughout the event.
上传时间： 2013-11-07
上传用户：redmoons
Abstract: It may sound trite, but it is definitely true: the smart grid has the potential to completely transform the energyindustry. However, smart meters and grid management alone will not ensure the success of the smart grid. Unliketraditional IT networks, smart grids require consideration of energy measurement and security. To completely optimize thistechnology, smart grid designs must focus on energy measurement and security. This tutorial considers the benefits ofboth energy measurement and security and how they make machine-to-machine networks different from traditional IT.
上传时间： 2013-10-29
上传用户：皇族传媒
Abstract: The "vampire" drain on electricity by household gadgets is only one indicator of the lack of policies to conserve energy and protect people and businesses from a major energy disaster. Most
上传时间： 2013-11-18
上传用户：wgh_kf
特点（FEATURES） 精确度0.1%满刻度（Accuracy 0.1%F.S.） 宽输入范围200ohm 至 50Kohm（Wide inpuet ranges from 200ohm to 50Kohm） 多种输入输出选择（Wide selection of input/output range） 输入与输出1/输出2绝缘耐压 2仟伏特/1分钟（Dielectric strength 2KVac/1min.（input/output1/output2）） 宽范围交直流两用电源设计（Wide input range for auxiliary power） 尺寸小，稳定性高（Dimension small & High stability）
上传时间： 2013-10-28
上传用户：sardinescn
特点（FEATURES） 精确度0.03%满刻度（Accuracy 0.03%F.S.） 频率输入范围0.01Hz至80KHz（Input range from 0.01 Hz to 80KHz） 16 BIT 隔离类比输出（16 bit DAC isolating analog output） 输入与输出1/输出2绝缘耐压 2仟伏特/1分钟（Dielectric strength 2KVac/1min.（input/output1/output2）） 宽范围交直流两用电源设计（Wide input range for auxiliary power） 尺寸小，稳定性高（Dimension small & High stability）
上传时间： 2013-10-21
上传用户：dljwq
长电c2383 TO-92L
上传时间： 2013-11-09
上传用户：wvbxj
This document presents design techniques and reference circuits that power Virtex™-4 FXRocketIO™ multi-gigabit transceivers (MGTs) operating at data rates below 3.125 Gb/s.When using multiple transceivers, it is sometimes preferred to power them from a switchingpower supply. However, switching power supplies generate noise that affects transceiver
上传时间： 2013-11-18
上传用户：huang111
