An optical fiber amplifier is a key component for enabling efficient transmission of wavelength-divisionmultiplexed(WDM)signalsoverlongdistances.Eventhough many alternative technologies were available, erbium-doped fiber amplifiers won theraceduringtheearly1990sandbecameastandardcomponentforlong-haulopti- caltelecommunicationssystems.However,owingtotherecentsuccessinproducing low-cost, high-power, semiconductor lasers operating near 1450 nm, the Raman amplifiertechnologyhasalsogainedprominenceinthedeploymentofmodernlight- wavesystems.Moreover,becauseofthepushforintegratedoptoelectroniccircuits, semiconductor optical amplifiers, rare-earth-doped planar waveguide amplifiers, and silicon optical amplifiers are also gaining much interest these days.
标签： Propagation Light Media Gain in
上传时间： 2020-05-27
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Microwave radio network design is a subset of activities that constitute the overall transmission network design. Transmission networks are sometimes called transport networks, access networks, or connectivity networks. For many wireless carriers, microwave is becoming a popu- lar preference over wireline (leased lines) transport for many reasons, especially as microwave radio equipment costs decrease and installation becomes simpler. Low monthly operating costs can undercut those of typical single (and especially multiple) T1/E1 expenses, proving it to be more economical over the long term—usually two to four years. Network operators also like the fact that they can own and control microwave radio networks instead of relying on other service providers for network components.
标签： Transmission Microwave Networks
上传时间： 2020-05-28
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Wireless is one of the most rapidly developing technologies in our time, with dazzling new products and services emerging on an almost daily basis. These developments present enormous challenges for communications engineers, as the demand for increased wireless capacity grows explosively. Indeed, the discipline of wireless communications presents many challenges to designers that arise as a result of the demanding nature of the physical medium and the complexities in the dynamics of the underlying network.
标签： Communications Wireless MIMO
上传时间： 2020-05-28
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Mobile and wireless application development has come a long way in the past few years. It has progressed beyond the hype of wireless Web applications for consumers to the reality of high-value mobile applications for corporate users. Opportunities abound for creating new mobile and wireless applications that provide vital benefits to any business. A sampling of these benefits includes increased worker productivity, reduced processing costs, heightened accuracy, and competitive advantage. In contrast is the concern that developing mobile and wireless applications will involve many new technologies and concepts that many corporate developers are still learning to use.
标签： Essentials Wireless Mobile Design and
上传时间： 2020-05-30
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Do you have a mobile phone? We think you probably do, one way or another. We would also guess that you might use it for many diff erent things in the course of your everyday life—as a telephone certainly, but also as an address book, as a clock or watch, as a camera, or now as a connection to your computer, email and the internet. Th ere will be a range of people you use it to contact (or not), and various strategies you use to take calls—or send texts, or take photos, or receive emails, or search online (or not, in diff erent situations). Th ere are also likely to be a range of social relation- ships in your life that your mobile phone helps to maintain—or disrupts, or inter- venes in, or makes possible, or complicates, or just plain helps to handle.
标签： Communications Introduction Mobile Media New An to
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Smartphones have become a key element in providing greater user access to the mobile Internet. many complex applications which used to be limited to PCs, have been developed and operated on smartphones. These applications extend the functionalities of smartphones, making them more convenient for users to be connected. However, they also greatly increase the power consumption of smartphones, making users frustrated with long delays in Web browsing.
标签： Browsing Mobile Cloud Using Web the
上传时间： 2020-05-30
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There have been many advances in communication circuits since the publication of the first edition of this book.Yet most of communication circuit fundamentals remain intact.Amplifier,oscillator , tuned circuits,transformers,mixers and power amplifiers still among fundamental building blocks of communication circuits.
标签： Communication Circuits Modern
上传时间： 2020-05-31
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In recent years, the research and developments in the area of RF and microwave technologies have progressed significantly due to the growing demand for applica- bility in wireless communication technologies. Starting from 1992, wireless com- munication technologies have become quite mature. In the modern era of electronic developments, design of wireless handsets is an example of integration of many di- verse skill sets. Classical books in the areas of microwave technology provide us with an in-depth knowledge of electromagnetic fundamentals.
标签： Front-Ends Receiver Modern
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Advances in communication and networking technologies are rapidly making ubiq- uitous network connectivity a reality. Wireless networks are indispensable for supporting such access anywhere and at any time. Among various types of wire- less networks, multihop wireless networks (MWNs) have been attracting increasing attention for decades due to its broad civilian and military applications. Basically, a MWN is a network of nodes connected by wireless communication links. Due to the limited transmission range of the radio, many pairs of nodes in MWNs may not be able to communicate directly, hence they need other intermediate nodes to forward packets for them. Routing in such networks is an important issue and it poses great challenges.
标签： Multihop Wireless Networks
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many wireless communications channels consist of multiple signal paths from the transmitter to receiver. This multiplicity of paths leads to a phenomenon known as multipath fading. The multiple paths are caused by the presence of objects in the physical environment that, through the mechanisms of propagation, alter the path of radiated energy. These objects are referred to as scatterers. In the past, researchers often looked at ways to mitigate multipath scattering, such as in diversity systems. Multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) systems, on the other hand, use multipath diversity to their advantage; a MIMO system has the ability to translate increased spatial diversity into increased channel capacity.
标签： Multiple-Output Multiple-Input Channel Models
上传时间： 2020-05-31
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