前面讨论了很多内容，基本上涉及了有关PCB板的绝大部分相关的知识。第二章探讨了传输线的基本原理，第三章探讨了串扰，在第四章里我们阐述了许多在现代设计中必须关注的非理想互连的问题。对于信号从驱动端引脚到接收端引脚的电气路径的相关问题，我们已经做了一些探究，然而对于硅芯片，即处于封装内部的IC来说，其信号传输通常要通过过孔和连接器来进行，对这样的情况我们该如何处理？在本章中，我们将通过对封装、过孔和连接器的研究，阐述其原理，从而指导大家在设计的时候对整个电气路径进行完整地分析，即从驱动端内部IC芯片的焊盘到接受器IC芯片的焊盘。
标签： High-Speed Digital System desi
上传时间： 2013-11-24
上传用户：maizezhen
高速数字系统设计下载pdf:High-Speed Digital SystemDesign—A Handbook ofInterconnect Theory and DesignPracticesStephen H. HallGarrett W. HallJames A. McCallA Wiley-Interscience Publication JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC.New York • Chichester • Weinheim • Brisbane • Singapore • TorontoCopyright © 2000 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.speeddigital systems at the platform level. The book walks the reader through everyrequired concept, from basic transmission line theory to digital timing analysis, high-speedmeasurement techniques, as well as many other topics. In doing so, a unique balancebetween theory and practical applications is achieved that will allow the reader not only tounderstand the nature of the problem, but also provide practical guidance to the solution.The level of theoretical understanding is such that the reader will be equipped to see beyondthe immediate practical application and solve problems not contained within these pages.Much of the information in this book has not been needed in past digital designs but isabsolutely necessary today. Most of the information covered here is not covered in standardcollege curricula, at least not in its focus on digital design, which is arguably one of the mostsignificant industries in electrical engineering.The focus of this book is on the design of robust high-volume, high-speed digital productssuch as computer systems, with particular attention paid to computer busses. However, thetheory presented is applicable to any high-speed digital system. All of the techniquescovered in this book have been applied in industry to actual digital products that have beensuccessfully produced and sold in high volume.Practicing engineers and graduate and undergraduate students who have completed basicelectromagnetic or microwave design classes are equipped to fully comprehend the theorypresented in this book. At a practical level, however, basic circuit theory is all thebackground required to apply the formulas in this book.
上传时间： 2013-10-26
上传用户：缥缈
OPTOELECTRONICS CIRCUIT COLLECTION AVALANCHE PHOTODIODE BIAS SUPPLY 1Provides an output voltage of 0V to +80V for reverse biasingan avalanche photodiode to control its gain. This circuit canalso be reconfigured to supply a 0V to –80V output.LINEAR TEC DRIVER–1This is a bridge-tied load (BTL) linear amplifier for drivinga thermoelectric cooler (TEC). It operates on a single +5Vsupply and can drive ±2A into a common TEC.LINEAR TEC DRIVER–2This is very similar to DRIVER–1 but its power output stagewas modified to operate from a single +3.3V supply in orderto increase its efficiency. Driving this amplifier from astandard +2.5V referenced signal causes the output transistorsto have unequal power dissipation.LINEAR TEC DRIVER–3This BTL TEC driver power output stage achieves very highefficiency by swinging very close to its supply rails, ±2.5V.This driver can also drive ±2A into a common TEC. Operationis shown with the power output stage operating on±1.5V supplies. Under these conditions, this linear amplifiercan achieve very high efficiency. Application ReportThe following collection of analog circuits may be useful in electro-optics applications such as optical networkingsystems. This page summarizes their salient characteristics.
上传时间： 2013-10-27
上传用户：落花无痕
Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design I enjoyed reading this book for a number of reasons. One reason is that itaddresses high-speed analog design in the context of microwave issues. This isan advanced-level book, which should follow courses in basic circuits andtransmission lines. Most analog integrated circuit designers in the past workedon applications at low enough frequency that microwave issues did not arise.As a consequence, they were adept at lumped parameter circuits and often notcomfortable with circuits where waves travel in space. However, in order todesign radio frequency (RF) communications integrated circuits (IC) in thegigahertz range, one must deal with transmission lines at chip interfaces andwhere interconnections on chip are far apart. Also, impedance matching isaddressed, which is a topic that arises most often in microwave circuits. In mycareer, there has been a gap in comprehension between analog low-frequencydesigners and microwave designers. Often, similar issues were dealt with in twodifferent languages. Although this book is more firmly based in lumped-elementanalog circuit design, it is nice to see that microwave knowledge is brought inwhere necessary.Too many analog circuit books in the past have concentrated first on thecircuit side rather than on basic theory behind their application in communications.The circuits usually used have evolved through experience, without asatisfying intellectual theme in describing them. Why a given circuit works bestcan be subtle, and often these circuits are chosen only through experience. Forthis reason, I am happy that the book begins first with topics that require anintellectual approach—noise, linearity and filtering, and technology issues. Iam particularly happy with how linearity is introduced (power series). In therest of the book it is then shown, with specific circuits and numerical examples,how linearity and noise issues arise.
上传时间： 2014-12-23
上传用户：han_zh
介绍高速电路的设计
标签： High-speed Digital Design 高速数字
上传时间： 2013-10-16
上传用户：yt1993410
【摘要】本文结合作者多年的印制板设计经验，着重印制板的电气性能，从印制板稳定性、可靠性方面，来讨论多层印制板设计的基本要求。【关键词】印制电路板；表面贴装器件；高密度互连；通孔【Key words】Printed Circuit Board；Surface Mounting Device；High Density Interface；Via一．概述印制板（PCB－Printed Circuit Board）也叫印制电路板、印刷电路板。多层印制板，就是指两层以上的印制板，它是由几层绝缘基板上的连接导线和装配焊接电子元件用的焊盘组成，既具有导通各层线路，又具有相互间绝缘的作用。随着SMT（表面安装技术）的不断发展，以及新一代SMD（表面安装器件）的不断推出，如QFP、QFN、CSP、BGA（特别是MBGA），使电子产品更加智能化、小型化，因而推动了PCB工业技术的重大改革和进步。自1991年IBM公司首先成功开发出高密度多层板（SLC）以来，各国各大集团也相继开发出各种各样的高密度互连（HDI）微孔板。这些加工技术的迅猛发展，促使了PCB的设计已逐渐向多层、高密度布线的方向发展。多层印制板以其设计灵活、稳定可靠的电气性能和优越的经济性能，现已广泛应用于电子产品的生产制造中。下面，作者以多年设计印制板的经验，着重印制板的电气性能，结合工艺要求，从印制板稳定性、可靠性方面，来谈谈多层制板设计的基本要领。
上传时间： 2013-11-19
上传用户：zczc
讨论、研究高性能覆铜板对它所用的环氧树脂的性能要求，应是立足整个产业链的角度去观察、分析。特别应从HDI多层板发展对高性能CCL有哪些主要性能需求上着手研究。HDI多层板有哪些发展特点，它的发展趋势如何——这都是我们所要研究的高性能CCL发展趋势和重点的基本依据。而HDI多层板的技术发展，又是由它的应用市场——终端电子产品的发展所驱动（见图1）。 图1 在HDI多层板产业链中各类产品对下游产品的性能需求关系图 1．HDI多层板发展特点对高性能覆铜板技术进步的影响1.1 HDI多层板的问世，对传统PCB技术及其基板材料技术是一个严峻挑战20世纪90年代初，出现新一代高密度互连（High Density Interconnection，简称为 HDI）印制电路板——积层法多层板（Build—Up Multiplayer printed board，简称为 BUM）的最早开发成果。它的问世是全世界几十年的印制电路板技术发展历程中的重大事件。积层法多层板即HDI多层板，至今仍是发展HDI的PCB的最好、最普遍的产品形式。在HDI多层板之上，将最新PCB尖端技术体现得淋漓尽致。HDI多层板产品结构具有三大突出的特征：“微孔、细线、薄层化”。其中“微孔”是它的结构特点中核心与灵魂。因此，现又将这类HDI多层板称作为“微孔板”。HDI多层板已经历了十几年的发展历程，但它在技术上仍充满着朝气蓬勃的活力，在市场上仍有着前程广阔的空间。
上传时间： 2013-11-22
上传用户：gundan
Hyperlynx仿真应用:阻抗匹配.下面以一个电路设计为例，简单介绍一下PCB仿真软件在设计中的使用。下面是一个DSP硬件电路部分元件位置关系(原理图和PCB使用PROTEL99SE设计)，其中DRAM作为DSP的扩展Memory(64位宽度，低8bit还经过3245接到FLASH和其它芯片)，DRAM时钟频率133M。因为频率较高，设计过程中我们需要考虑DRAM的数据、地址和控制线是否需加串阻。下面，我们以数据线D0仿真为例看是否需要加串阻。模型建立首先需要在元件公司网站下载各器件IBIS模型。然后打开Hyperlynx,新建LineSim File(线路仿真—主要用于PCB前仿真验证)新建好的线路仿真文件里可以看到一些虚线勾出的传输线、芯片脚、始端串阻和上下拉终端匹配电阻等。下面，我们开始导入主芯片DSP的数据线D0脚模型。左键点芯片管脚处的标志，出现未知管脚，然后再按下图的红线所示线路选取芯片IBIS模型中的对应管脚。 3http://bbs.elecfans.com/ 电子技术论坛 http://www.elecfans.com 电子发烧友点OK后退到“ASSIGN Models”界面。选管脚为“Output”类型。这样，一样管脚的配置就完成了。同样将DRAM的数据线对应管脚和3245的对应管脚IBIS模型加上(DSP输出，3245高阻，DRAM输入)。下面我们开始建立传输线模型。左键点DSP芯片脚相连的传输线，增添传输线，然后右键编辑属性。因为我们使用四层板，在表层走线，所以要选用“Microstrip”，然后点“Value”进行属性编辑。这里，我们要编辑一些PCB的属性，布线长度、宽度和层间距等，属性编辑界面如下：再将其它传输线也添加上。这就是没有加阻抗匹配的仿真模型(PCB最远直线间距1.4inch，对线长为1.7inch)。现在模型就建立好了。仿真及分析下面我们就要为各点加示波器探头了，按照下图红线所示路径为各测试点增加探头：为发现更多的信息，我们使用眼图观察。因为时钟是133M，数据单沿采样，数据翻转最高频率为66.7M，对应位宽为7.58ns。所以设置参数如下：之后按照芯片手册制作眼图模板。因为我们最关心的是接收端(DRAM)信号，所以模板也按照DRAM芯片HY57V283220手册的输入需求设计。芯片手册中要求输入高电平VIH高于2.0V，输入低电平VIL低于0.8V。DRAM芯片的一个NOTE里指出，芯片可以承受最高5.6V，最低-2.0V信号(不长于3ns)：按下边红线路径配置眼图模板：低8位数据线没有串阻可以满足设计要求，而其他的56位都是一对一，经过仿真没有串阻也能通过。于是数据线不加串阻可以满足设计要求，但有一点需注意，就是写数据时因为存在回冲，DRAM接收高电平在位中间会回冲到2V。因此会导致电平判决裕量较小，抗干扰能力差一些，如果调试过程中发现写RAM会出错，还需要改版加串阻。
上传时间： 2013-11-05
上传用户：dudu121
This document provides practical, common guidelines for incorporating PCI Express interconnect layouts onto Printed Circuit Boards (PCB) ranging from 4-layer desktop baseboard designs to 10- layer or more server baseboard designs. Guidelines and constraints in this document are intended for use on both baseboard and add-in card PCB designs. This includes interconnects between PCI Express devices located on the same baseboard (chip-to-chip routing) and interconnects between a PCI Express device located “down” on the baseboard and a device located “up” on an add-in card attached through a connector. This document is intended to cover all major components of the physical interconnect including design guidelines for the PCB traces, vias and AC coupling capacitors, as well as add-in card edge-finger and connector considerations. The intent of the guidelines and examples is to help ensure that good high-speed signal design practices are used and that the timing/jitter and loss/attenuation budgets can also be met from end-to-end across the PCI Express interconnect. However, while general physical guidelines and suggestions are given, they may not necessarily guarantee adequate performance of the interconnect for all layouts and implementations. Therefore, designers should consider modeling and simulation of the interconnect in order to ensure compliance to all applicable specifications. The document is composed of two main sections. The first section provides an overview of general topology and interconnect guidelines. The second section concentrates on physical layout constraints where bulleted items at the beginning of a topic highlight important constraints, while the narrative that follows offers additional insight.
上传时间： 2013-10-15
上传用户：busterman
Abstract: Electrolytic capacitors are notorious for short lifetimes in high-temperature applications such asLED light bulbs. The careful selection of these devices with proper interpretation of their specifications isessential to ensure that they do not compromise the life of the end product. This application notediscusses this problem with electrolytic capacitors in LED light bulbs and provides an analysis that showshow it is possible to use electrolytics in such products.
上传时间： 2013-11-17
上传用户：asdfasdfd
