Verilog_HDL的基本语法详解(夏宇闻版):Verilog HDL是一种用于数字逻辑电路设计的语言。用Verilog HDL描述的电路设计就是该电路的Verilog HDL模型。Verilog HDL既是一种行为描述的语言也是一种结构描述的语言。这也就是说,既可以用电路的功能描述也可以用元器件和它们之间的连接来建立所设计电路的Verilog HDL模型。Verilog模型可以是实际电路的不同级别的抽象。这些抽象的级别和它们对应的模型类型共有以下五种: 系统级(system):用高级语言结构实现设计模块的外部性能的模型。 算法级(algorithm):用高级语言结构实现设计算法的模型。 RTL级(Register Transfer Level):描述数据在寄存器之间流动和如何处理这些数据的模型。 门级(gate-level):描述逻辑门以及逻辑门之间的连接的模型。 开关级(switch-level):描述器件中三极管和储存节点以及它们之间连接的模型。 一个复杂电路系统的完整Verilog HDL模型是由若干个Verilog HDL模块构成的,每一个模块又可以由若干个子模块构成。其中有些模块需要综合成具体电路,而有些模块只是与用户所设计的模块交互的现存电路或激励信号源。利用Verilog HDL语言结构所提供的这种功能就可以构造一个模块间的清晰层次结构来描述极其复杂的大型设计,并对所作设计的逻辑电路进行严格的验证。 Verilog HDL行为描述语言作为一种结构化和过程性的语言,其语法结构非常适合于算法级和RTL级的模型设计。这种行为描述语言具有以下功能: · 可描述顺序执行或并行执行的程序结构。 · 用延迟表达式或事件表达式来明确地控制过程的启动时间。 · 通过命名的事件来触发其它过程里的激活行为或停止行为。 · 提供了条件、if-else、case、循环程序结构。 · 提供了可带参数且非零延续时间的任务(task)程序结构。 · 提供了可定义新的操作符的函数结构(function)。 · 提供了用于建立表达式的算术运算符、逻辑运算符、位运算符。 · Verilog HDL语言作为一种结构化的语言也非常适合于门级和开关级的模型设计。因其结构化的特点又使它具有以下功能: - 提供了完整的一套组合型原语(primitive); - 提供了双向通路和电阻器件的原语; - 可建立MOS器件的电荷分享和电荷衰减动态模型。 Verilog HDL的构造性语句可以精确地建立信号的模型。这是因为在Verilog HDL中,提供了延迟和输出强度的原语来建立精确程度很高的信号模型。信号值可以有不同的的强度,可以通过设定宽范围的模糊值来降低不确定条件的影响。 Verilog HDL作为一种高级的硬件描述编程语言,有着类似C语言的风格。其中有许多语句如:if语句、case语句等和C语言中的对应语句十分相似。如果读者已经掌握C语言编程的基础,那么学习Verilog HDL并不困难,我们只要对Verilog HDL某些语句的特殊方面着重理解,并加强上机练习就能很好地掌握它,利用它的强大功能来设计复杂的数字逻辑电路。下面我们将对Verilog HDL中的基本语法逐一加以介绍。
标签: Verilog_HDL
上传时间: 2014-12-04
上传用户:cppersonal
第一步,拿到一块PCB,首先在纸上记录好所有元气件的型号,参数,以及位置,尤其是二极管,三极管的方向,IC缺口的方向。最好用数码相机拍两张元气件位置的照片。 第二步,拆掉所有器件,并且将PAD孔里的锡去掉。用酒精将PCB清洗干净,然后放入扫描仪内,启动POHTOSHOP,用彩色方式将丝印面扫入,并打印出来备用。 第三步,用水纱纸将TOP LAYER 和BOTTOM LAYER两层轻微打磨,打磨到铜膜发亮,放入扫描仪,启动PHOTOSHOP,用彩色方式将两层分别扫入。注意,PCB在扫描仪内摆放一定要横平树直,否则扫描的图象就无法使用,扫描仪分辨率请选为600。 需要的朋友请下载哦!
上传时间: 2014-03-04
上传用户:tianming222
Introduction to Xilinx Packaging Electronic packages are interconnectable housings for semiconductor devices. The major functions of the electronic packages are to provide electrical interconnections between the IC and the board and to efficiently remove heat generated by the device. Feature sizes are constantly shrinking, resulting in increased number of transistors being packed into the device. Today's submicron technology is also enabling large-scale functional integration and system-on-a-chip solutions. In order to keep pace with these new advancements in silicon technologies, semiconductor packages have also evolved to provide improved device functionality and performance. Feature size at the device level is driving package feature sizes down to the design rules of the early transistors. To meet these demands, electronic packages must be flexible to address high pin counts, reduced pitch and form factor requirements. At the same time,packages must be reliable and cost effective.
上传时间: 2013-11-21
上传用户:不懂夜的黑
TOP/BOTTOM SOLDER(顶层/底层阻焊绿油层):顶层/底层敷设阻焊绿油,以防止铜箔上锡,保持绝缘。在焊盘、过孔及本层非电气走线处阻焊绿油开窗。
上传时间: 2013-11-04
上传用户:sy_jiadeyi
The introduction of Spartan-3™ devices has createdmultiple changes in the evolution of embedded controldesigns and pushed processing capabilities to the “almostfreestage.” With these new FPGAs falling under $20, involume, with over 1 million system gates, and under $5for 100K gate-level units, any design with programmablelogic has a readily available 8- or 16-bit processor costingless than 75 cents and 32-bit processor for less than $1.50.
上传时间: 2013-10-21
上传用户:ligi201200
WP409利用Xilinx FPGA打造出高端比特精度和周期精度浮点DSP算法实现方案: High-Level Implementation of Bit- and Cycle-Accurate Floating-Point DSP Algorithms with Xilinx FPGAs
上传时间: 2013-10-21
上传用户:huql11633
In this paper, we discuss efficient coding and design styles using verilog. This can beimmensely helpful for any digital designer initiating designs. Here, we address different problems rangingfrom RTL-Gate Level simulation mismatch to race conditions in writing behavioral models. All theseproblems are accompanied by an example to have a better idea, and these can be taken care off if thesecoding guidelines are followed. Discussion of all the techniques is beyond the scope of this paper, however,here we try to cover a few of them.
标签: Efficient Verilog Digital Coding
上传时间: 2013-11-23
上传用户:我干你啊
This document was developed under the Standard Hardware and Reliability Program (SHARP) TechnologyIndependent Representation of Electronic Products (TIREP) project. It is intended for use by VHSIC HardwareDescription Language (VHDL) design engineers and is offered as guidance for the development of VHDL modelswhich are compliant with the VHDL Data Item Description (DID DI-EGDS-80811) and which can be providedto manufacturing engineering personnel for the development of production data and the subsequent productionof hardware. Most VHDL modeling performed to date has been concentrated at either the component level orat the conceptual system level. The assembly and sub-assembly levels have been largely disregarded. Under theSHARP TIREP project, an attempt has been made to help close this gap. The TIREP models are based upon lowcomplexity Standard Electronic Modules (SEM) of the format A configuration. Although these modules are quitesimple, it is felt that the lessons learned offer guidance which can readily be applied to a wide range of assemblytypes and complexities.
上传时间: 2013-11-20
上传用户:pzw421125
FPGAs have changed dramatically since Xilinx first introduced them just 15 years ago. In thepast, FPGA were primarily used for prototyping and lower volume applications; custom ASICswere used for high volume, cost sensitive designs. FPGAs had also been too expensive and tooslow for many applications, let alone for System Level Integration (SLI). Plus, the development
标签: Methodology Design Reuse FPGA
上传时间: 2013-11-01
上传用户:shawvi
我采用XC4VSX35或XC4VLX25 FPGA来连接DDR2 SODIMM和元件。SODIMM内存条选用MT16HTS51264HY-667(4GB),分立器件选用8片MT47H512M8。设计目标:当客户使用内存条时,8片分立器件不焊接;当使用直接贴片分立内存颗粒时,SODIMM内存条不安装。请问专家:1、在设计中,先用Xilinx MIG工具生成DDR2的Core后,管脚约束文件是否还可更改?若能更改,则必须要满足什么条件下更改?生成的约束文件中,ADDR,data之间是否能调换? 2、对DDR2数据、地址和控制线路的匹配要注意些什么?通过两只100欧的电阻分别连接到1.8V和GND进行匹配 和 通过一只49.9欧的电阻连接到0.9V进行匹配,哪种匹配方式更好? 3、V4中,PCB LayOut时,DDR2线路阻抗单端为50欧,差分为100欧?Hyperlynx仿真时,那些参数必须要达到那些指标DDR2-667才能正常工作? 4、 若使用DDR2-667的SODIMM内存条,能否降速使用?比如降速到DDR2-400或更低频率使用? 5、板卡上有SODIMM的插座,又有8片内存颗粒,则物理上两部分是连在一起的,若实际使用时,只安装内存条或只安装8片内存颗粒,是否会造成信号完成性的影响?若有影响,如何控制? 6、SODIMM内存条(max:4GB)能否和8片分立器件(max:4GB)组合同时使用,构成一个(max:8GB)的DDR2单元?若能,则布线阻抗和FPGA的DCI如何控制?地址和控制线的TOP图应该怎样? 7、DDR2和FPGA(VREF pin)的参考电压0.9V的实际工作电流有多大?工作时候,DDR2芯片是否很烫,一般如何考虑散热? 8、由于多层板叠层的问题,可能顶层和中间层的铜箔不一样后,中间的夹层后度不一样时,也可能造成阻抗的不同。请教DDR2-667的SODIMM在8层板上的推进叠层?
上传时间: 2013-10-21
上传用户:jjq719719