Why did an electricity market emerge? How does it really work? What are the perfor- mance measures that we can use to tell that the electricity market under consideration is well functioning? These are the questions that will be explored in this book. The main purpose of this book is to introduce the fundamental theories and concepts that underpintheelectricitymarketswhicharebasedonthreemajordisciplines:electrical power engineering, economics, and optimization methods.
标签： Electricity Theories Markets
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For more than a century, overhead lines have been the most commonly used technology for transmitting electrical energy at all voltage levels, especially on the highest levels. However, in recent years, an increase in both the number and length of HVAC cables in the transmission networks of different countries like Denmark, Japan or United Kingdom has been observed. At the same time, the construction of offshore wind farms, which are typically connected to the shore through HVAC cables, increased exponentially.
标签： Electromagnetic Transients Cables Power in
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The solid high-polymer-film-type fuel cell (PEM-FC) system is used as the power supply equipment for transportation and replaces an internal combustion engine. A reduction of the environmental load is expected through the cogeneration system’s (CGS) use of the PEM-FC system as a distributed power supply to individual houses, apartments, and so forth [1–3]. The growing use of distributed power systems, such as fuel cells, the reduction of power-transmission losses, and an increase of waste heat recovery are expected. Therefore, the reduction of carbon- dioxide emission is also expected as compared to conventional energy supply methods using commercial electric power.
标签： Micro-grids Fuel Cell
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GaN is an already well implanted semiconductor technology, widely diffused in the LED optoelectronics industry. For about 10 years, GaN devices have also been developed for RF wireless applications where they can replace Silicon transistors in some selected systems. That incursion in the RF field has open the door to the power switching capability in the lower frequency range and thus to the power electronic applications. Compared to Silicon, GaN exhibits largely better figures for most of the key specifications: Electric field, energy gap, electron mobility and melting point. Intrinsically, GaN could offer better performance than Silicon in terms of: breakdown voltage, switching frequency and Overall systems efficiency.
标签： GaN-on-Si Displace and SiC Si
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A revolution in power industries, including generation, transmission and distribution, driven by environmental and economic considerations, is taking place all over the world. The smart grid allows for integration of diverse generation and storage options, reduced losses, improved efficiencies, increased grid flexibility, reduced power outages, allowing for competitive electricity pricing and integration of electric vehicles and overall becoming more responsive to market, consumer and societal needs. It is bringing profound changes to both power systems and many related industries.
标签： Measurement Innovative Solutions Testing and
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The use of renewable energy systems, such as wind power, hydropower, tidal power, solar power, geothermal power and biomass burn is growing. Research in electric power generation from renewable sources is continuously expanding and stands for an area of high technological and financial importance. The implemen- tation of new technologies for the functioning and management of renewable energy systems will help to further develop the renewable energy sector.
标签： Intelligent Renewable Systems Energy
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A modern power grid needs to become smarter in order to provide an affordable, reliable, and sustainable supply of electricity. For these reasons, a smart grid is necessary to manage and control the increasingly complex future grid. Certain smart grid elements including renewable energy, storage, microgrid, consumer choice, and smart appliances like electric vehicles increase uncertainty in both supply and demand of electric power.
标签： Intelligent Management Microgrid
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With the proliferation of cloud computing and Internet online services, more and more data and computation are migrated to geographical distributed Internet data centers (IDCs), which can provide reliability, management, and cost benefits. However, IDC operators encounter several major problems in IDC operations, such as huge energy consumption and energy cost, and high carbon emission. To deal with the above problems, IDC operators have to efficiently manage the way of energy consumption and energy supply. Considering the potential of smart grid, we focus on the energy management of IDCs in smart grid from several perspectives, i.e., power outage, carbon emission, heterogeneous service delay guarantees, and operation risk.
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It has been over a decade since the Chinese publication of Line Loss in Electric Power Systems. To keep pace with technological developments, I started a revision as early as 2002, following the main principles that the theoretical framework and characteristics of the first edition should be retained, with new contents added according to new problems after the reform of electric power systems and the new requirements for line loss management practices and in combination with practical experience.
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Under the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA), the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) was assigned “primary responsibility to coordinate development of a framework that includes protocols and model standards for information management to achieve interoperability of Smart Grid devices and systems…” [EISA Section 1305]. 35 This responsibility comes at a time when the electric power grid and electric power industry are undergoing the most dramatic transformation in many decades. Very significant investments are being made by industry and the federal government to modernize the power grid. To realize the full benefits of these investments—and the continued investments forecast for the coming decades—there is a continued need to establish effective smart grid 36 standards and protocols for interoperability.
标签： Framework Roadmap NIST and
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