An acronym for Multiple-In, Multiple-Out, MIMO communication sends the same data as several signals simultaneously through multiple antennas, while still utilizing a single radio channel. This is a form of antenna diversity, which uses multiple antennas to improve signal quality and strength of an RF link. The data is split into multiple data streams at the transmission point and recombined on the receive side by another MIMO radio configured with the same number of antennas. The receiver is designed to take into account the slight time difference between receptions of each signal, any additional noise or interference, and even lost signals.
标签: Understanding_the_Basics_of_MIMO
上传时间: 2020-06-01
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Today wireless is becoming the leader in communication choices among users. It is not anymore a backup solution for nomadic travellers but really a newmoodnaturallyusedeverywhereevenwhenthewiredcommunicationsare possible. Many technologies evolve then continuously, changing the telecom- munication world. We talk about wireless local area networks (WLANs), wire- less personal area networks (WPANs), wireless metropolitan area networks (WMANs), wireless wide area networks (WWANs), mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and mesh networks. Since we can find today a multitude of wireless technologies we decided to group a numberofcomplementarytechnologiesintoonedocumenttomakeiteasierfor areadertounderstandsomeofthetechnicaldetailsofeachmedia.
标签: TM Bluetooth Zigbee Wi-Fi WiMax and
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Notwithstanding its infancy, wireless mesh networking (WMN) is a hot and growing field. Wireless mesh networks began in the military, but have since become of great interest for commercial use in the last decade, both in local area networks and metropolitan area networks. The attractiveness of mesh networks comes from their ability to interconnect either mobile or fixed devices with radio interfaces, to share information dynamically, or simply to extend range through multi-hopping.
标签: Multi-hop Networks WiMAX WiFi Mesh LTE and
上传时间: 2020-06-01
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Mobile radio communications are evolving from pure telephony systems to multimedia platforms offering a variety of services ranging from simple file transfers and audio and video streaming, to interactive applications and positioning tasks. Naturally, these services have different constraints concerning data rate, delay, and reliability (quality-of-service (QoS)). Hence, future mobile radio systems have to provide a large flexibility and scal- ability to match these heterogeneous requirements.
标签: Communications Wireless Channels MIMO over
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1. 引言2. 概述3.3.1 100Mbps 以上的边缘速率3.3.2 99.999% 高可靠性和≤ 1ms 的超低时延3.3.3 1 个连接/ 平方米3.3.4 其他3.3.5 小结4.1.1 高频组网传播损耗与穿透损耗大,室外覆盖室内难4.1.2 无源分布式天线系统演进难、综合损耗大、互调干扰大3.1 5G 三大业务类型3.2 室内5G 业务及特征3.3 室内5G 业务对网络的需求4.2 多样化的业务要求网络具备更大的弹性容量4.3 行业应用要求网络具备极高可靠性4.4 四代共存网络及新业务发展要求网络具有高效运维、智能运营能力4.5 小结5.1 组网策略: 高中低频分层组网,提供更大容量5.2 MIMO 选择策略:标配4T4R,提供更好的用户体验5.3 方案选择策略:大容量数字化方案是必然选择5.4 容量策略:弹性容量,灵活按需满足业务需求5.5 可靠性策略:面向5G 业务的可靠性设计5.6 部署策略:端到端数字化部署,奠定网络运维和运营的基础5.7 网络运维策略:可视化运维,实现室内5G 网络可管可控5.8 网络运营策略:基于网络运营平台,支撑室内5G 网络智能运营5.9 小结
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所设计的多频段小型化天线结构新颖,性能指标优越,与当前国内外研究的大多数同类天线相比保持较小体积,在多频、宽频工作频段上也保持较强的竞争力。其中所设iMonopole,780MHz-1010MHz和1630MHz3900MHz,在高频频段上的提升相当明显,与大多数同类天线相比提升超过100%,除了覆盖GSM,UMTS,LTE的频段外,还覆盖WiMAX的频段,为未来5G通信的多频段融合发展提供有力支撑;所设计多频段小型化PIFA天线,工作频段为680MHz980MHz和1665MHz-2755MHz,覆盖GSM,UMTS,LTE所需的所有频段,同时该天线的小型化指标忧异,其辐射贴片部分的尺寸仅为33mm x mm0.8mm,在当前国内外同类天线中具有相当强的竞争力。这两款天线结构简单,加工成本低,十分适用于5G移动通信移动终端中。最后,设计一款超宽带微带天线。所设计的超宽带微带天线利用新型倒置E型槽,获得了超宽带性能,工作频段覆盖27.6GHz-33.2GHz.采用新的债电方式一半圆渐进馈电,不仅可以改善天线的辐射特性,还能降低阻抗匹配的难度,进而一定程度上简化了天线的设计难度。在天线辐射贴片开有圆角矩形槽,大大的改善了天线的阻抗特性,进一步优化了天线的辐射特性,保证了天线在整个烦段内辐射方向图的稳定性。天线加工简单、成本低,非常适用于5G移动通信的大规模组网。
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在传输速率方面,802.11n可以将WLAN的传输速率由目前802.11a及802.11g提供的54Mbps,提高到300Mbps甚至高达600Mbps.得益于将MIMO(多入多出)与OFDM(正交频分复用)技术相结合而应用的MIMO OFDM技术,提高了无线传输质量,也使传输速率得到极大提升。现有的802.11n无线AP/路由设备主要是150M和300M产品,这两种产品的实用性较高,价格相对低廉。由于802.11n方案的规定,单天线产品只能是150M产品,只有双/天线以上,才能达到更高的速度现有的802.11n无线网卡主要是150M(手机)、300M(主流笔记本),450M(苹果笔记本)。使用的频率分别为2.4G(所有设备均支持)和5G(少量手机和多数的苹果设备)。尽管802.11n标称的数据都很大,最大理论值达到了600M,但实际上由于信道污染、各类干扰、阻挡物等,并不可能达到这种速度由于现在苹果设备的普及,5G的无线网卡均安装在最新的MBP/MBA/IPAD中,因此使用5G的用户也是较为可观的。同时在较新的Windows笔记本中,双频无线网卡也还是越来越多的被应用。
标签: 5G
上传时间: 2022-06-20
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5G,第五代移动通信技术,也是4G之后的延伸,目前正在研究中。目前还没有任何电信公司或标准订定组织(像3GPP,WiMAX论坛及ITU-R)的公开规格或官方文件有提到5G。按照业内初步估计,包括5G在内的未来无线移动网络业务能力的提升将在3个维度上同时进行:1)通过引入新的无线传输技术将资源利用率在4G的基础上提高10倍以上;2)通过引入新的体系结构(如超密集小区结构等)和更加深度的智能化能力将整个系统的吞吐率提高25倍左右;3)进一步挖掘新的频率资源(如高频段、毫米波与可见光等),使未来无线移动通信的频率资源扩展4倍左右.5G有以下特点:1)5G研究在推进技术变革的同时将更加注重用户体验,网络平均吞吐速率、传输时延以及对虚拟现实、3D、交互式游戏等新兴移动业务的支撑能力等将成为衡量5G系统性能的关键指标.2)与传统的移动通信系统理念不同,5G系统研究将不仅仅把点到点的物理层传输与信道编译码等经典技术作为核心目标,而是从更为广泛的多点、多用户、多天线、多小区协作组网作为突破的重点,力求在体系构架上寻求系统性能的大幅度提高.3)室内移动通信业务已占据应用的主导地位,5G室内无线覆盖性能及业务支撑能力将作为系统优先设计目标,从而改变传统移动通信系统“以大范围覆盖为主、兼顾室内"的设计理念.4)高频段频谱资源将更多地应用于5G移动通信系统,但由于受到高频段无线电波穿透能力的限制,无线与有线的融合、光载无线组网等技术将被更为普遍地应用.5)可“软”配置的5G无线网络将成为未来的重要研究方向,运营商可根据业务流量的动态变化实时调整网络资源,有效地降低网络运营的成本和能源的消耗.
上传时间: 2022-06-21
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PrefaceDuring the past years, there has been a quickly rising interest in radio access technologies for providingmobile as well as nomadic and fixed services for voice, video, and data. The difference indesign, implementation, and use between telecom and datacom technologies is also becoming moreblurred. One example is cellular technologies from the telecom world being used for broadband dataand wireless LAN from the datacom world being used for voice-over IP.Today, the most widespread radio access technology for mobile communication is digital cellular,with the number of users passing 5 billion by 2010, which is more than half of the world’s population.It has emerged from early deployments of an expensive voice service for a few car-borne users,to today’s widespread use of mobile-communication devices that provide a range of mobile servicesand often include camera, MP3 player, and PDA functions. With this widespread use and increasinginterest in mobile communication, a continuing evolution ahead is foreseen.This book describes LTE, developed in 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project) and providingtrue 4G broadband mobile access, starting from the first version in release 8 and through the continuingevolution to release 10, the latest version of LTE. Release 10, also known as LTE-Advanced,is of particular interest as it is the major technology approved by the ITU as fulfilling the IMTAdvancedrequirements. The description in this book is based on LTE release 10 and thus provides acomplete description of the LTE-Advanced radio access from the bottom up.Chapter 1 gives the background to LTE and its evolution, looking also at the different standardsbodies and organizations involved in the process of defining 4G. It also gives a discussion of the reasonsand driving forces behind the evolution.Chapters 2–6 provide a deeper insight into some of the technologies that are part of LTE and itsevolution. Because of its generic nature, these chapters can be used as a background not only for LTEas described in this book, but also for readers who want to understand the technology behind othersystems, such as WCDMA/HSPA, WiMAX, and CDMA2000.Chapters 7–17 constitute the main part of the book. As a start, an introductory technical overviewof LTE is given, where the most important technology components are introduced based onthe generic technologies described in previous chapters. The following chapters provide a detaileddescription of the protocol structure, the downlink and uplink transmission schemes, and the associatedmechanisms for scheduling, retransmission and interference handling. Broadcast operation andrelaying are also described. This is followed by a discussion of the spectrum flexibility and the associated
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