linux 中断和设备驱动 本章介绍L i n u x内核是如何维护它支持的文件系统中的文件的，我们先介绍 V F S ( Vi r t u a lFile System，虚拟文件系统)，再解释一下L i n u x内核的真实文件系统是如何得到支持的。L i n u x的一个最重要特点就是它支持许多不同的文件系统。这使 L i n u x非常灵活，能够与许多其他的操作系统共存。在写这本书的时候， L i n u x共支持1 5种文件系统： e x t、 e x t 2、x i a、 m i n i x、 u m s d o s、 msdos 、v f a t、 p r o c、 s m b、 n c p、 i s o 9 6 6 0、 s y s v、 h p f s、 a ffs 和u f s。无疑随着时间的推移，L i n u x支持的文件系统数还会增加。
上传时间： 2013-11-13
上传用户：zxh122
All inputs of the C16x family have Schmitt-Trigger input characteristics. These Schmitt-Triggers are intended to always provide proper internal low and high levels, even if anundefined voltage level (between TTL-VIL and TTL-VIH) is externally applied to the pin.The hysteresis of these inputs, however, is very small, and can not be properly used in anapplication to suppress signal noise, and to shape slow rising/falling input transitions.Thus, it must be taken care that rising/falling input signals pass the undefined area of theTTL-specification between VIL and VIH with a sufficient rise/fall time, as generally usualand specified for TTL components (e.g. 74LS series: gates 1V/us, clock inputs 20V/us).The effect of the implemented Schmitt-Trigger is that even if the input signal remains inthe undefined area, well defined low/high levels are generated internally. Note that allinput signals are evaluated at specific sample points (depending on the input and theperipheral function connected to it), at that signal transitions are detected if twoconsecutive samples show different levels. Thus, only the current level of an input signalat these sample points is relevant, that means, the necessary rise/fall times of the inputsignal is only dependant on the sample rate, that is the distance in time between twoconsecutive evaluation time points. If an input signal, for instance, is sampled throughsoftware every 10us, it is irrelevant, which input level would be seen between thesamples. Thus, it would be allowable for the signal to take 10us to pass through theundefined area. Due to the sample rate of 10us, it is assured that only one sample canoccur while the signal is within the undefined area, and no incorrect transition will bedetected. For inputs which are connected to a peripheral function, e.g. capture inputs, thesample rate is determined by the clock cycle of the peripheral unit. In the case of theCAPCOM unit this means a sample rate of 400ns @ 20MHz CPU clock. This requiresinput signals to pass through the undefined area within these 400ns in order to avoidmultiple capture events.For input signals, which do not provide the required rise/fall times, external circuitry mustbe used to shape the signal transitions.In the attached diagram, the effect of the sample rate is shown. The numbers 1 to 5 in thediagram represent possible sample points. Waveform a) shows the result if the inputsignal transition time through the undefined TTL-level area is less than the time distancebetween the sample points (sampling at 1, 2, 3, and 4). Waveform b) can be the result ifthe sampling is performed more than once within the undefined area (sampling at 1, 2, 5,3, and 4).Sample points:1. Evaluation of the signal clearly results in a low level2. Either a low or a high level can be sampled here. If low is sampled, no transition willbe detected. If the sample results in a high level, a transition is detected, and anappropriate action (e.g. capture) might take place.3. Evaluation here clearly results in a high level. If the previous sample 2) had alreadydetected a high, there is no change. If the previous sample 2) showed a low, atransition from low to high is detected now.
上传时间： 2013-10-23
上传用户：copu
This document describes part number speciÞc changes to recommended operating conditions and revised electrical speciÞcations,as applicable, from those described in the generalMPC7400 Hardware SpeciÞcations.SpeciÞcations provided in this Part Number SpeciÞcation supersede those in theMPC7400 Hardware SpeciÞcationsdated 9/99(order #: MPC7400EC/D) for these part numbers only; speciÞcations not addressed herein are unchanged. This document isfrequently updated, refer to the website at http://www.mot.com/SPS/PowerPC/ for the latest version.Note that headings and table numbers in this data sheet are not consecutively numbered. They are intended to correspond to theheading or table affected in the general hardware speciÞcation.Part numbers addressed in this document are listed in Table A. For more detailed ordering information see Table B.
上传时间： 2013-11-19
上传用户：qiaoyue
P C B 可测性设计布线规则之建议― ― 从源头改善可测率PCB 设计除需考虑功能性与安全性等要求外，亦需考虑可生产与可测试。这里提供可测性设计建议供设计布线工程师参考。1. 每一个铜箔电路支点，至少需要一个可测试点。如无对应的测试点，将可导致与之相关的开短路不可检出，并且与之相连的零件会因无测试点而不可测。2. 双面治具会增加制作成本，且上针板的测试针定位准确度差。所以Layout 时应通过Via Hole 尽可能将测试点放置于同一面。这样就只要做单面治具即可。3. 测试选点优先级：A.测垫(Test Pad) B.通孔(Through Hole) C.零件脚(Component Lead) D.贯穿孔(Via Hole)(未Mask)。而对于零件脚，应以AI 零件脚及其它较细较短脚为优先，较粗或较长的引脚接触性误判多。4. PCB 厚度至少要62mil(1.35mm)，厚度少于此值之PCB 容易板弯变形，影响测点精准度，制作治具需特殊处理。5. 避免将测点置于SMT 之PAD 上，因SMT 零件会偏移，故不可靠，且易伤及零件。6. 避免使用过长零件脚(>170mil(4.3mm))或过大的孔(直径>1.5mm)为测点。7. 对于电池(Battery)最好预留Jumper，在ICT 测试时能有效隔离电池的影响。8. 定位孔要求：(a) 定位孔(Tooling Hole)直径最好为125mil(3.175mm)及其以上。(b) 每一片PCB 须有2 个定位孔和一个防呆孔(也可说成定位孔,用以预防将PCB反放而导致机器压破板)，且孔内不能沾锡。(c) 选择以对角线，距离最远之2 孔为定位孔。(d) 各定位孔(含防呆孔)不应设计成中心对称,即PCB 旋转180 度角后仍能放入PCB,这样,作业员易于反放而致机器压破板)9. 测试点要求：(e) 两测点或测点与预钻孔之中心距不得小于50mil(1.27mm)，否则有一测点无法植针。以大于100mil(2.54mm)为佳，其次是75mil(1.905mm)。(f) 测点应离其附近零件(位于同一面者)至少100mil，如为高于3mm 零件，则应至少间距120mil，方便治具制作。(g) 测点应平均分布于PCB 表面，避免局部密度过高，影响治具测试时测试针压力平衡。(h) 测点直径最好能不小于35mil(0.9mm)，如在上针板，则最好不小于40mil(1.00mm)，圆形、正方形均可。小于0.030”(30mil)之测点需额外加工，以导正目标。(i) 测点的Pad 及Via 不应有防焊漆(Solder Mask)。(j) 测点应离板边或折边至少100mil。(k) 锡点被实践证实是最好的测试探针接触点。因为锡的氧化物较轻且容易刺穿。以锡点作测试点，因接触不良导致误判的机会极少且可延长探针使用寿命。锡点尤其以PCB 光板制作时的喷锡点最佳。PCB 裸铜测点，高温后已氧化，且其硬度高，所以探针接触电阻变化而致测试误判率很高。如果裸铜测点在SMT 时加上锡膏再经回流焊固化为锡点，虽可大幅改善，但因助焊剂或吃锡不完全的缘故，仍会出现较多的接触误判。
上传时间： 2014-01-14
上传用户：cylnpy
The RT9018A/B is a high performance positive voltage regulator designed for use in applications requining very low Input voltage and very low dropout voltage at up to 3A(peak).
上传时间： 2013-10-10
上传用户：geshaowei
在高速数字电路飞速发展的今天，信号的频率不断提高, 信号完整性设计在P C B设计中显得日益重要。其中由于传输线效应所引起的信号反射问题是信号完整性的一个重要方面。本文研究分析了高速PCB 设计中的反射问题的产生原因，并利用HyperLynx 软件进行了仿真，最后提出了相应的解决方法。
上传时间： 2013-12-18
上传用户：lht618
一、台达变频器的超级密码 -B系列的 ：57522 -H系列的：33582 S1系列变频的万能密码：575222、 二、欧瑞变频器(也就是之前的惠丰变频器)超级密码是： 18881500-G 1500-P 1000-G 200-G的都是通用的。 三、烁普变频高级菜单P301输入321A000输入11,刷新程序； P301输入321A000输入9,进菜单E001,输入机器G； PE002额定电压，E003额定电流，E004电压校正，E005不动，E006电流校正。 四、普传PI2000刷新设定方法：
上传时间： 2013-11-11
上传用户：macarco
最新的支持向量机工具箱，有了它会很方便 1. Find time to write a proper list of things to do! 2. Documentation. 3. Support Vector Regression. 4. Automated model selection. REFERENCES ========== [1] V.N. Vapnik, "The Nature of Statistical Learning Theory", Springer-Verlag, New York, ISBN 0-387-94559-8, 1995. [2] J. C. Platt, "Fast training of support vector machines using sequential minimal optimization", in Advances in Kernel Methods - Support Vector Learning, (Eds) B. Scholkopf, C. Burges, and A. J. Smola, MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, chapter 12, pp 185-208, 1999. [3] T. Joachims, "Estimating the Generalization Performance of a SVM Efficiently", LS-8 Report 25, Universitat Dortmund, Fachbereich Informatik, 1999.
上传时间： 2013-12-16
上传用户：亚亚娟娟123
The Kannel Open Source WAP and SMS gateway works as both an SMS gateway, for implementing keyword based services via GSM text messages, and a WAP gateway, via UDP. The SMS part is fairly mature, the WAP part is early in its development. In this release, the GET request for WML pages and WMLScript files via HTTP works, including compilation for WML and WMLScript to binary forms. Only the data call bearer (UDP) is supported, not SMS.
标签： gateway implementing SMS keyword
上传时间： 2014-01-11
上传用户：2525775
USB Manager(usbmgr) 0.4.8 Shuu Yamaguchi <shuu@wondernetworkresources.com> Special Helper: Philipp Thomas When USB devices connect to or disconnect from a USB hub, the usbmgr works as the following according to configuration. a) It loads and unloads files Linux kernel modules. b) It execute file to setup USB devices.
标签： wondernetworkresources Yamaguchi Manager Special
上传时间： 2014-01-27
上传用户：zhaiyanzhong
