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12.4.8 全局约束</div>
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当类中的一个对象成员使用rand声明的时候,类中的所有约束和随机变量都会与其它的类变量和约束同时随机化。包含来自其它对象的约束变量的约束表达式被称为全局约束。 </p><div class="Element170">
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<div class="Element13"><div class="Element12" id="code00422"><pre class="Element12"><span style="color: #0000FF">class</span> A<span style="color: #800080">;</span> <span style="color: #008000">// 叶子节点</span>
<span style="color: #0000FF">rand bit</span> <span style="color: #800080">[</span><span style="color: #FF0000">7</span><span style="color: #800080">:</span><span style="color: #FF0000">0</span><span style="color: #800080">]</span> v<span style="color: #800080">;</span>
<span style="color: #0000FF">endclass</span>
<span style="color: #0000FF">class</span> B <span style="color: #0000FF">extends</span> A<span style="color: #800080">;</span> <span style="color: #008000">// 堆节点</span>
<span style="color: #0000FF">rand</span> A left<span style="color: #800080">;</span>
<span style="color: #0000FF">rand</span> A right<span style="color: #800080">;</span>
<span style="color: #0000FF">constraint</span> heapcond <span style="color: #800080">{</span>left<span style="color: #800080">.</span>v<span style="color: #800080"> <= </span>v<span style="color: #800080">; </span>right<span style="color: #800080">.</span>v<span style="color: #800080"> <= </span>v<span style="color: #800080">;}</span>
<span style="color: #0000FF">endclass</span></pre></div></div>
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这个例子使用全局约束来定义一个有序二叉树的有效值。类<i>A</i>代表一个具有8位值<i>v</i>的叶子节点。类B扩展了类<i>A</i>并表示了一个堆节点,这个堆节点包含值<i>v</i>、一个<i>left</i>子树、一个<i>right</i>子树。为了与其它类变量同时随机化这两个子树,这两个子树都使用<span style="color: #0000FF">rand</span>声明。被命名为<i>heapcond</i>的约束块具有两个全局约束,它们将<i>left</i>和<i>right</i>子树的值与堆节点的值关联起来。当类<i>B</i>的一个实例被初始化的时候,求解器同时为<i>B</i>以及它的<i>left</i>和<i>right</i>子节点求解,这可以类推到叶子节点或更多的堆节点。 </p>
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下列规则决定了哪一个对象、变量和约束被随机化:</p>
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<li value="1" class="Element600">首先确定那些作为一个整体随机化的对象的集合。起始于一个调用<span style="color: #0000FF">randomize</span><span style="color: #800080">()</span>方法的对象,加入其中包含的、使用<span style="color: #0000FF">rand</span>声明的、以及活跃(参见<a href="00085.html" target="topic">12.7节</a>中的<span style="color: #0000FF">rand_mode</span>)的所有对象。这个定义是递归的,并且包含可以从起始对象到达的所有的活跃随机对象。这一步中选择的对象被称为活跃随机对象。</li>
<li value="2" class="Element600">接下来从活跃随机变量的集合中选择所有的活跃约束。这些都是需要求解的约束。</li>
<li value="3" class="Element600">最后从活跃随机对象的集合中选择所有的活跃随机变量。这些是需要被随机化的变量。所有其它的变量引用都被当作是状态变量,它们的当前值被当作一个常量时候。</li>
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