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<a href="#" onmousedown="showPopup(this, 'popup00209');"><img src="seealsolink.png" border="0" alt="" title=""></a> SystemVerilog 3.1a语言参考手册</div>
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11.21 类范围解析操作符 ::</div>
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类范围操作符 <span style="color: #800080">::</span> 被用来指定在一个类作用范围内定义的一个标识符。它具有下列形式: </p><div class="Element170">
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<div class="Element13"><div class="Element12" id="code00379"><pre class="Element12">class_identifier<strong><span style="color: #FF0000">::</span></strong>{class_identifier<strong><span style="color: #FF0000">::</span></strong>}identifier</pre></div></div>
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范围解析操作符(<span style="color: #800080">::</span>)左侧的标识符可以是类名字或者包名字(参见<a href="00203.html" target="topic">18.2节</a>)。 </p>
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类和其它的范围可能具有相同的标识符,使用范围解析操作符,我们可以唯一地标识特定类的一个成员。另外,为了消除类范围标识符的歧义,<span style="color: #800080">::</span>操作符还可以从类的外部访问静态成员(类属性和方法),并能够在继承类内访问超类的公开和保护元素。 </p><div class="Element170">
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<div class="Element13"><div class="Element12" id="code00380"><pre class="Element12"><span style="color: #0000FF">class</span> Base<span style="color: #800080">;</span>
<span style="color: #0000FF">typedef enum</span> <span style="color: #800080">{</span>bin<span style="color: #800080">,</span> oct<span style="color: #800080">,</span> dec<span style="color: #800080">,</span> hex<span style="color: #800080">}</span> radix<span style="color: #800080">;</span>
<span style="color: #0000FF">static task</span> print<span style="color: #800080">(</span>radix r<span style="color: #800080">,</span> <span style="color: #0000FF">integer</span> n<span style="color: #800080">);</span>
...
<span style="color: #0000FF"> endtask</span>
<span style="color: #0000FF">endclass</span>
...
Base b <span style="color: #800080">=</span> new<span style="color: #800080">;</span>
int bin <span style="color: #800080">=</span> <span style="color: #FF0000">123</span><span style="color: #800080">;</span>
b<span style="color: #800080">.</span>print<span style="color: #800080">(</span>Base<span style="color: #800080">::</span>bin<span style="color: #800080">,</span> bin<span style="color: #800080">);</span> <span style="color: #008000">// Base::bin与bin是不同的</span>
Base<span style="color: #800080">::</span>print<span style="color: #800080">(</span>Base<span style="color: #800080">::</span>hex<span style="color: #800080">,</span> <span style="color: #FF0000">66</span><span style="color: #800080">);</span></pre></div></div>
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在SystemVerilog中,类范围操作符应用于一个类的所有静态元素:静态类属性、静态方法、<span style="color: #0000FF">typedef</span>、枚举、结构体、联合体以及嵌套的类声明。类范围解析表达式可以被读取(在表达式中)、写入(在参数或子例程调用中)或触发(在事件表达式中)。它们也可以用作一个类型的名字或一个方法调用。 </p>
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像模块一样,类是范围并且可以嵌套。嵌套允许隐藏本地名字和资源的本地分配。这在一个新的类型需要作为类实现的一部分时经常很有用。在一个类内声明类型能够阻止命名冲突,并能够避免外界与仅在类内使用的符号之间的混乱。嵌套在一个类范围内的类型声明是公开的,并且可以在类外访问。 </p><div class="Element170">
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<div class="Element13"><div class="Element12" id="code00381"><pre class="Element12"><span style="color: #0000FF">class</span> StringList<span style="color: #800080">;</span>
<span style="color: #0000FF">class</span> Node<span style="color: #800080">;</span> <span style="color: #008000">// 链表中一个节点的嵌套类</span>
<span style="color: #0000FF">string</span> name<span style="color: #800080">;</span>
Node link<span style="color: #800080">;</span>
<span style="color: #0000FF">endclass</span>
<span style="color: #0000FF">endclass</span>
<span style="color: #0000FF">class</span> StringTree<span style="color: #800080">;</span>
<span style="color: #0000FF">class</span> Node<span style="color: #800080">;</span> <span style="color: #008000">// 二分树中一个节点的嵌套类</span>
<span style="color: #0000FF">string</span> name<span style="color: #800080">;</span>
Node left<span style="color: #800080">,</span> right<span style="color: #800080">;</span>
<span style="color: #0000FF">endclass</span>
<span style="color: #0000FF">endclass</span>
<span style="color: #008000">// StringList::Node不同于StringTree::Node</span></pre></div></div>
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范围解析操作符能够:</p>
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<li class="Element600">从类层次的外部访问静态公开成员(方法和类属性)。</li>
<li class="Element600">从继承类的内部访问超类的公开或保护的类成员。</li>
<li class="Element600">从类层次外部或在继承类内部访问类中的类型声明和枚举命名常量。</li>
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