Single-Ended and Differential S-Parameters Differential circuits have been important incommunication systems for many years. In the past,differential communication circuits operated at lowfrequencies, where they could be designed andanalyzed using lumped-element models andtechniques. With the frequency of operationincreasing beyond 1GHz, and above 1Gbps fordigital communications, this lumped-elementapproach is no longer valid, because the physicalsize of the circuit approaches the size of awavelength.Distributed models and analysis techniques are nowused instead of lumped-element techniques.Scattering parameters, or S-parameters, have beendeveloped for this purpose [1]. These S-parametersare defined for single-ended networks. S-parameterscan be used to describe differential networks, but astrict definition was not developed until Bockelmanand others addressed this issue [2]. Bockelman’swork also included a study on how to adapt single-ended S-parameters for use with differential circuits[2]. This adaptation, called “mixed-mode S-parameters,” addresses differential and common-mode operation, as well as the conversion betweenthe two modes of operation.This application note will explain the use of single-ended and mixed-mode S-parameters, and the basicconcepts of microwave measurement calibration.
上传时间： 2014-03-25
上传用户：yyyyyyyyyy
Multioutput monolithic regulators are easy to use and fi tinto spaces where multichip solutions cannot. Nevertheless,the popularity of multioutput regulators is temperedby a lack of options for input voltages above 30V andsupport of high output currents. The LT3692A fi lls thisgap with a dual monolithic regulator that operates frominputs up to 36V. It also includes a number of channeloptimization features that allow the LT3692A’s per-channelperformance to rival that of multichip solutions.
上传时间： 2014-01-03
上传用户：Huge_Brother
The RT9018A/B is a high performance positive voltage regulator designed for use in applications requining very low Input voltage and very low dropout voltage at up to 3A(peak).
上传时间： 2013-10-10
上传用户：geshaowei
The LPC1850/30/20/10 are ARM Cortex-M3 based microcontrollers for embeddedapplications. The ARM Cortex-M3 is a next generation core that offers systemenhancements such as low power consumption, enhanced debug features, and a highlevel of support block integration.The LPC1850/30/20/10 operate at CPU frequencies of up to 150 MHz. The ARMCortex-M3 CPU incorporates a 3-stage pipeline and uses a Harvard architecture withseparate local instruction and data buses as well as a third bus for peripherals. The ARMCortex-M3 CPU also includes an internal prefetch unit that supports speculativebranching.The LPC1850/30/20/10 include up to 200 kB of on-chip SRAM data memory, a quad SPIFlash Interface (SPIFI), a State Configuration Timer (SCT) subsystem, two High-speedUSB controllers, Ethernet, LCD, an external memory controller, and multiple digital andanalog peripherals.
上传时间： 2014-12-31
上传用户：zhuoying119
The LPC4350/30/20/10 are ARM Cortex-M4 based microcontrollers for embeddedapplications. The ARM Cortex-M4 is a next generation core that offers systemenhancements such as low power consumption, enhanced debug features, and a highlevel of support block integration.The LPC4350/30/20/10 operate at CPU frequencies of up to 150 MHz. The ARMCortex-M4 CPU incorporates a 3-stage pipeline, uses a Harvard architecture withseparate local instruction and data buses as well as a third bus for peripherals, andincludes an internal prefetch unit that supports speculative branching. The ARMCortex-M4 supports single-cycle digital signal processing and SIMD instructions. Ahardware floating-point processor is integrated in the core.The LPC4350/30/20/10 include an ARM Cortex-M0 coprocessor, up to 264 kB of datamemory, advanced configurable peripherals such as the State Configurable Timer (SCT)and the Serial General Purpose I/O (SGPIO) interface, two High-speed USB controllers,Ethernet, LCD, an external memory controller, and multiple digital and analog peripherals
上传时间： 2013-10-28
上传用户：15501536189
The NXP LPC315x combine an 180 MHz ARM926EJ-S CPU core, High-speed USB 2.0OTG, 192 KB SRAM, NAND flash controller, flexible external bus interface, an integratedaudio codec, Li-ion charger, Real-Time Clock (RTC), and a myriad of serial and parallelinterfaces in a single chip targeted at consumer, industrial, medical, and communicationmarkets. To optimize system power consumption, the LPC315x have multiple powerdomains and a very flexible Clock Generation Unit (CGU) that provides dynamic clockgating and scaling.The LPC315x is implemented as multi-chip module with two side-by-side dies, one fordigital fuctions and one for analog functions, which include a Power Supply Unit (PSU),audio codec, RTC, and Li-ion battery charger.
上传时间： 2014-01-17
上传用户：Altman
IBIS 模型在做类似板级SI 仿真得到广泛应用。在做仿真的初级阶段，经常对于ibis 模型的描述有些疑问，只知道把模型拿来转换为软件所支持的格式或者直接使用，而对于IBIS 模型里面的数据描述什么都不算很明白，因此下面的一些描述是整理出来的一点对于ibis 的基本理解。在此引用很多presention来描述ibis 内容（有的照抄过来，阿弥陀佛，不要说抄袭，只不过习惯信手拈来说明一些问题），仅此向如muranyi 等ibis 先驱者致敬。本文难免有些错误或者考虑不周，随时欢迎进行讨论并对其进行修改！IBIS 模型的一些基本概念IBIS 这个词是Input/Output buffer information specification 的缩写。本文是基于IBIS ver3.2 所撰写出来（www.eigroup.org/IBIS/可下载到各种版本spec）,ver4.2增加很多新特性，由于在目前设计中没用到不予以讨论。。。在业界经常会把spice 模型描述为transistor model 是因为它描述很多电路细节问题。而把ibis 模型描述为behavioral model 是因为它并不象spice 模型那样描述电路的构成，IBIS 模型描述的只不过是电路的一种外在表现，象个黑匣子一样，输入什么然后就得到输出结果，而不需要了解里面驱动或者接收的电路构成。因此有所谓的garbage in, garbage out，ibis 模型的仿真精度依赖于模型的准确度以及考虑的worse case，因此无论你的模型如何精确而考虑的worse case 不周全或者你考虑的worse case 如何周全而模型不精确，都是得不到较好的仿真精度。
上传时间： 2013-10-16
上传用户：zhouli
ExpressPCB 是一款免费的PCB设计软件，简单实使。可以画双层板。 Our Free PCB software is a snap to learn and use. For the first time, designing circuit boards is simple for the beginner and efficient for the professional. Our board manufacturing service makes top quality two and four layer PCBs. Use our MiniBoard service and pay only $51 for three boards (plus $8 shipping).
标签： ExpressPCB PCB 设计软件
上传时间： 2013-11-15
上传用户：lchjng
温湿度传感器 sht11 仿真程序 sbit out =P3^0; //加热口 //sbit input =P1^1;//检测口 //sbit speek =P2^0;//报警 sbit clo =P3^7;//时钟 sbit ST =P3^5;//开始 sbit EOC =P3^6;//成功信号 sbit gwei =P3^4;//个位 sbit swei =P3^3;//十位 sbit bwei =P3^2;//百位 sbit qwei =P3^1;//千位 sbit speak =P0^0;//报警音 sbit bjled =P0^1;//报警灯 sbit zcled =P0^2;//正常LED int count; uchar xianzhi;//取转换结果 uchar seth;//高时间 uchar setl;//低时间 uchar seth_mi;//高时间 uchar setl_mi;//低时间 bit hlbz;//高低标志 bit clbz; bit spbz; ///定时中断程序/// void t0 (void) interrupt 1 using 0 { TH0=(65536-200)/256;//5ms*200=1000ms=1s TL0=(65536-200)%256; clo=!clo;//产生时钟 if(count>5000) { if(hlbz) { if(seth_mi==0){seth_mi=seth;hlbz=0;out=0;} else seth_mi--; } if(!hlbz) { if(setl_mi==0){setl_mi=setl;hlbz=1;out=1;} else setl_mi--; } count=0; } else count++; } ///////////// ///////延时/////// delay(int i) { while(--i); } ///////显示处理/////// xianshi() { int abcd=0; int i; for (i=0;i<5;i++) { abcd=xianzhi; gwei=1; swei=1; bwei=1; qwei=1; P1=dispcode[abcd/1000]; qwei=0; delay(70); qwei=1; abcd=abcd%1000; P1=dispcode[abcd/100]; bwei=0; delay(70); bwei=1; abcd=abcd%100; P1=dispcode[abcd/10]; swei=0; delay(70); swei=1; abcd=abcd%10; P1=dispcode[abcd]; gwei=0; delay(70); gwei=1; } } doing() { if(xianzhi>100) {bjled=0;speak=1;zcled=1;} else {bjled=1;speak=0;zcled=0;} } void main(void) { seth=60;//h60秒 setl=90;//l90秒 seth_mi=60;//h60秒 setl_mi=90;//l90秒 TMOD=0X01;//定时0 16位工作模式 TH0=(65536-200)/256; TL0=(65536-200)%256; TR0=1; //开始计时 ET0=1; //开定时0中断 EA=1; //开全中断 while(1) { ST=0; _nop_(); ST=1; _nop_(); ST=0; // EOC=0; xianshi(); while(!EOC) { xianshi(); } xianzhi=P2; xianshi(); doing(); } }
上传时间： 2013-11-07
上传用户：我们的船长
超声波传感器适用于对大幅的平面进行静止测距。普通的超声波传感器测距范围大概是 2cm~450cm，分辨率3mm（淘宝卖家说的，笔者测试环境没那么好，个人实测比较稳定的 距离10cm~2m 左右，超过此距离就经常有偶然不准确的情况发生了，当然不排除笔者技术 问题。） 测试对象是淘宝上面最便宜的SRF-04 超声波传感器，有四个脚：5v 电源脚（Vcc），触发控制端（Trig），接收端（Echo），地端（GND） 附:SRF 系列超声波传感器参数比较 模块工作原理： 采用IO 触发测距，给至少10us 的高电平信号； 模块自动发送8个40KHz 的方波，自动检测是否有信号返回； 有信号返回，通过IO 输出一高电平，高电平持续的时间就是超声波从发射到返回的时间．测试距离=(高电平时间*声速(340m/s))/2; 电路连接方法 Arduino 程序例子： constintTrigPin = 2; constintEchoPin = 3; floatcm; voidsetup() { Serial.begin(9600); pinMode(TrigPin, OUTPUT); pinMode(EchoPin, INPUT); } voidloop() { digitalWrite(TrigPin, LOW); //低高低电平发一个短时间脉冲去TrigPin delayMicroseconds(2); digitalWrite(TrigPin, HIGH); delayMicroseconds(10); digitalWrite(TrigPin, LOW); cm = pulseIn(EchoPin, HIGH) / 58.0; //将回波时间换算成cm cm = (int(cm * 100.0)) / 100.0; //保留两位小数 Serial.print(cm); Serial.print("cm"); Serial.println(); delay(1000); }
上传时间： 2013-10-18
上传用户：星仔
