Designers of signal receiver systems often need to performcascaded chain analysis of system performancefrom the antenna all the way to the ADC. Noise is a criticalparameter in the chain analysis because it limits theoverall sensitivity of the receiver. An application’s noiserequirement has a signifi cant infl uence on the systemtopology, since the choice of topology strives to optimizethe overall signal-to-noise ratio, dynamic range andseveral other parameters. One problem in noise calculationsis translating between the various units used by thecomponents in the chain: namely the RF, IF/baseband,and digital (ADC) sections of the circuit.
上传时间： 2014-12-05
上传用户：cylnpy
This application note is an overview discussion of theLinear Technology SPICE macromodel library. It assumeslittle if any prior knowledge of this software library or itshistory. However, it does assume familiarity with both theanalog simulation program SPICE (or one of its manyderivatives), and modern day op amps, including bipolar,JFET, and MOSFET amplifier technologies
上传时间： 2013-11-14
上传用户：zhanditian
The Reactor design pattern handles service requests that are delivered concurrently to an application by one or more clients. Each service in an application may consist of serveral methods and is represented by a separate event handler that is responsible for dispatching service-specific requests.
上传时间： 2013-10-15
上传用户：libinxny
One of the most critical components in a step-up design like Figure 1 is the transformer. Transformers have parasitic components that can cause them to deviate from their ideal characteristics, and the parasitic capacitance associated with the secondary can cause large resonating current spikes on the leading edge of the switch current waveform.
上传时间： 2013-11-22
上传用户：15070202241
Differential Nonlinearity: Ideally, any two adjacent digitalcodes correspond to output analog voltages that are exactlyone LSB apart. Differential non-linearity is a measure of theworst case deviation from the ideal 1 LSB step. For example,a DAC with a 1.5 LSB output change for a 1 LSB digital codechange exhibits 1⁄2 LSB differential non-linearity. Differentialnon-linearity may be expressed in fractional bits or as a percentageof full scale. A differential non-linearity greater than1 LSB will lead to a non-monotonic transfer function in aDAC.Gain Error (Full Scale Error): The difference between theoutput voltage (or current) with full scale input code and theideal voltage (or current) that should exist with a full scale inputcode.Gain Temperature Coefficient (Full Scale TemperatureCoefficient): Change in gain error divided by change in temperature.Usually expressed in parts per million per degreeCelsius (ppm/°C).Integral Nonlinearity (Linearity Error): Worst case deviationfrom the line between the endpoints (zero and full scale).Can be expressed as a percentage of full scale or in fractionof an LSB.LSB (Lease-Significant Bit): In a binary coded system thisis the bit that carries the smallest value or weight. Its value isthe full scale voltage (or current) divided by 2n, where n is theresolution of the converter.Monotonicity: A monotonic function has a slope whose signdoes not change. A monotonic DAC has an output thatchanges in the same direction (or remains constant) for eachincrease in the input code. the converse is true for decreasing codes.
标签： Converters Defini DAC
上传时间： 2013-10-30
上传用户：stvnash
This reference design (RD) features a fullyassembled and tested surface-mount printed circuitboard (PCB). The RD board utilizes the MAX48851:2 or 2:1 multiplexer and other ICs to implement acomplete video graphics array (VGA) 8:1multiplexer.VGA input/output connections are provided to easilyinterface the MAX4885 RD board with VGAcompatibledevices. The RD board gives the optionto use a single 5V DC power supply (V+), or this RDboard can be powered from any one of the eight VGA sources.
标签： multiplexer reference VGA
上传时间： 2013-11-09
上传用户：ANRAN
高速数字系统设计下载pdf:High-Speed Digital SystemDesign—A Handbook ofInterconnect Theory and DesignPracticesStephen H. HallGarrett W. HallJames A. McCallA Wiley-Interscience Publication JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC.New York • Chichester • Weinheim • Brisbane • Singapore • TorontoCopyright © 2000 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.speeddigital systems at the platform level. The book walks the reader through everyrequired concept, from basic transmission line theory to digital timing analysis, high-speedmeasurement techniques, as well as many other topics. In doing so, a unique balancebetween theory and practical applications is achieved that will allow the reader not only tounderstand the nature of the problem, but also provide practical guidance to the solution.The level of theoretical understanding is such that the reader will be equipped to see beyondthe immediate practical application and solve problems not contained within these pages.Much of the information in this book has not been needed in past digital designs but isabsolutely necessary today. Most of the information covered here is not covered in standardcollege curricula, at least not in its focus on digital design, which is arguably one of the mostsignificant industries in electrical engineering.The focus of this book is on the design of robust high-volume, high-speed digital productssuch as computer systems, with particular attention paid to computer busses. However, thetheory presented is applicable to any high-speed digital system. All of the techniquescovered in this book have been applied in industry to actual digital products that have beensuccessfully produced and sold in high volume.Practicing engineers and graduate and undergraduate students who have completed basicelectromagnetic or microwave design classes are equipped to fully comprehend the theorypresented in this book. At a practical level, however, basic circuit theory is all thebackground required to apply the formulas in this book.
上传时间： 2013-10-26
上传用户：缥缈
Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design I enjoyed reading this book for a number of reasons. One reason is that itaddresses high-speed analog design in the context of microwave issues. This isan advanced-level book, which should follow courses in basic circuits andtransmission lines. Most analog integrated circuit designers in the past workedon applications at low enough frequency that microwave issues did not arise.As a consequence, they were adept at lumped parameter circuits and often notcomfortable with circuits where waves travel in space. However, in order todesign radio frequency (RF) communications integrated circuits (IC) in thegigahertz range, one must deal with transmission lines at chip interfaces andwhere interconnections on chip are far apart. Also, impedance matching isaddressed, which is a topic that arises most often in microwave circuits. In mycareer, there has been a gap in comprehension between analog low-frequencydesigners and microwave designers. Often, similar issues were dealt with in twodifferent languages. Although this book is more firmly based in lumped-elementanalog circuit design, it is nice to see that microwave knowledge is brought inwhere necessary.Too many analog circuit books in the past have concentrated first on thecircuit side rather than on basic theory behind their application in communications.The circuits usually used have evolved through experience, without asatisfying intellectual theme in describing them. Why a given circuit works bestcan be subtle, and often these circuits are chosen only through experience. Forthis reason, I am happy that the book begins first with topics that require anintellectual approach—noise, linearity and filtering, and technology issues. Iam particularly happy with how linearity is introduced (power series). In therest of the book it is then shown, with specific circuits and numerical examples,how linearity and noise issues arise.
上传时间： 2014-12-23
上传用户：han_zh
One of the strengths of Synplify is the Finite State Machine compiler. This is a powerfulfeature that not only has the ability to automatically detect state machines in the sourcecode, and implement them with either sequential, gray, or one-hot encoding. But alsoperform a reachability analysis to determine all the states that could possibly bereached, and optimize away all states and transition logic that can not be reached.Thus, producing a highly optimal final implementation of the state machine.
标签： Synplicity Machine Verilog Design
上传时间： 2013-10-23
上传用户：司令部正军级
PCB 被动组件的隐藏特性解析 传统上，EMC一直被视为「黑色魔术（black magic）」。其实，EMC是可以藉由数学公式来理解的。不过，纵使有数学分析方法可以利用，但那些数学方程式对实际的EMC电路设计而言，仍然太过复杂了。幸运的是，在大多数的实务工作中，工程师并不需要完全理解那些复杂的数学公式和存在于EMC规范中的学理依据，只要藉由简单的数学模型，就能够明白要如何达到EMC的要求。本文藉由简单的数学公式和电磁理论，来说明在印刷电路板（PCB）上被动组件（passivecomponent）的隐藏行为和特性，这些都是工程师想让所设计的电子产品通过EMC标准时，事先所必须具备的基本知识。导线和PCB走线导线（wire）、走线（trace）、固定架……等看似不起眼的组件，却经常成为射频能量的最佳发射器（亦即，EMI的来源）。每一种组件都具有电感，这包含硅芯片的焊线（bond wire）、以及电阻、电容、电感的接脚。每根导线或走线都包含有隐藏的寄生电容和电感。这些寄生性组件会影响导线的阻抗大小，而且对频率很敏感。依据LC 的值（决定自共振频率）和PCB走线的长度，在某组件和PCB走线之间，可以产生自共振（self-resonance），因此，形成一根有效率的辐射天线。在低频时，导线大致上只具有电阻的特性。但在高频时，导线就具有电感的特性。因为变成高频后，会造成阻抗大小的变化，进而改变导线或PCB 走线与接地之间的EMC 设计，这时必需使用接地面（ground plane）和接地网格（ground grid）。导线和PCB 走线的最主要差别只在于，导线是圆形的，走线是长方形的。导线或走线的阻抗包含电阻R和感抗XL = 2πfL，在高频时，此阻抗定义为Z = R + j XL j2πfL，没有容抗Xc = 1/2πfC存在。频率高于100 kHz以上时，感抗大于电阻，此时导线或走线不再是低电阻的连接线，而是电感。一般而言，在音频以上工作的导线或走线应该视为电感，不能再看成电阻，而且可以是射频天线。
上传时间： 2013-10-09
上传用户：时代将军
