普通GPS接收机在特殊环境下，如在高楼林立的城市中心，林木遮挡的森林公路，特别是在隧道和室内环境的情况下，由于卫星信号非常微弱，载噪比（Carrier noise Ratio，C/no）通常都在34dB-Hz以下，很难有效捕获到卫星信号，导致无法正常定位。恶劣条件下的定位有广阔的发展和应用前景，特别是在交通事故、火灾和地震等极端环境下，快速准确定位当事者所处位置对于降低事态损失和营救受伤者是极为重要的。欧美和日本等发达国家也都制定了相应的提高恶劣条件下高灵敏度定位能力的发展政策。而高灵敏度GPS接收机定位的关键在于GPS微弱信号的处理。 本课题的主要研究内容是针对GPS微弱信号改进处理方法。针对传统GPS接收机信号捕获中的串行搜索方法提出了基于批处理的微弱信号捕获方法,来提高低信噪比情况下微弱信号的捕获能力，实现快速高灵敏度的准确捕获；针对捕获微弱信号处理大量数据导致的运算量激增，运用双块零拓展(Double Block Zero Padding，DBZP)处理方法减少运算量同时缩短捕获时间。针对传统GPS接收机延迟锁相环跟踪算法提出了基于卡尔曼滤波的新型捕获算法，减小延迟锁相环失锁造成的信号跟踪丢失概率，来提高恶劣环境下低信噪比信号的跟踪能力，实现微弱信号的连续可靠跟踪。通过提高GPS微弱信号的捕获与跟踪能力，进而使GPS接收机在恶劣环境下卫星信号微弱时能够实现较好的定位与导航。 通过拟合GPS接收机实际接收到的原始数据，构造出不同载噪比的数字信号，分别对提出的针对微弱信号的捕获与跟踪算法进行仿真比较验证，结果表明，对接收机后端信号处理部分作出的算法改进使得GPS接收机可以更好的处理微弱信号，并且具有较高的灵敏度和精度。文章同时针对提出的数据处理特征使用FPGA技术对算法主要的数据处理部分进行了初步的构架实现并进行了板级验证，结果表明，利用FPGA技术可以较好的实现算法的数据处理功能。文章最后给出了结论，通过提出的基于批处理和基于DBZP方法的捕获算法以及基于卡尔曼滤波的信号跟踪算法，可以有效地解决微弱GPS信号处理的难题，进而实现微弱信号环境下的定位与导航。
上传时间： 2013-04-24
上传用户：变形金刚
QFN SMT工艺设计指导.pdf 一、基本介绍 QFN（Quad Flat no Lead）是一种相对比较新的IC封装形式，但由于其独特的优势，其应用得到了快速的增长。QFN是一种无引脚封装，它有利于降低引脚间的自感应系数，在高频领域的应用优势明显。QFN外观呈正方形或矩形，大小接近于CSP，所以很薄很轻。元件底部具有与底面水平的焊端，在中央有一个大面积裸露焊端用来导热，围绕大焊端的外围四周有实现电气连接的I/O焊端，I/O焊端有两种类型：一种只裸露出元件底部的一面，其它部分被封装在元件内；另一种焊端有裸露在元件侧面的部分。 QFN采用周边引脚方式使PCB布线更灵活，中央裸露的铜焊端提供了良好的导热性能和电性能。这些特点使QFN在某些对体积、重量、热性能、电性能要求高的电子产品中得到了重用。 由于QFN是一种较新的IC封装形式，IPC-SM-782等PCB设计指南上都未包含相关内容，本文可以帮助指导用户进行QFN的焊盘设计和生产工艺设计。但需要说明的是本文只是提供一些基本知识供参考，用户需要在实际生产中不断积累经验，优化焊盘设计和生产工艺设计方案，以取得令人满意的焊接效果
上传时间： 2013-04-24
上传用户：吴之波123
FEATURES Unique 1-Wire interface requires only one port pin for communication Multidrop capability simplifies distributed temperature sensing applications Requires no external components Can be powered from data line. Power supply range is 3.0V to 5.5V Zero standby power required Measures temperatures from -55°C to +125°C. Fahrenheit equivalent is -67°F to +257°F ±0.5°C accuracy from -10°C to +85°C Thermometer resolution is programmable from 9 to 12 bits Converts 12-bit temperature to digital word in 750 ms (max.) User-definable, nonvolatile temperature alarm settings Alarm search command identifies and addresses devices whose temperature is outside of programmed limits (temperature alarm condition) Applications include thermostatic controls, industrial systems, consumer products, thermometers, or any thermally sensitive system
上传时间： 2013-08-04
上传用户：CHENKAI
]本文介绍了如何利用CPLD(复杂可编程逻辑器件)与单片机的结合实现并行I／\r\no(输入／输出)接口的扩展。该设计与用8255做并行I／O接口相比，与单片机软件完全兼容，\r\n同时拥有速度快，功耗低，价格便宜，使用灵活等特点
上传时间： 2013-08-14
上传用户：xa_lgy
Abstract: Alexander Graham Bell patented twisted pair wires in 1881. We still use them today because they work so well. In addition we have the advantage ofincredible computer power within our world. Circuit simulators and filter design programs are available for little or no cost. We combine the twisted pair and lowpassfilters to produce spectacular rejection of radio frequency interference (RFI) and electromagnetic interference (EMI). We also illustrate use of a precision resistorarray to produce a customizable differential amplifier. The precision resistors set the gain and common mode rejection ratios, while we choose the frequencyresponse.
上传时间： 2014-11-26
上传用户：Vici
Recently a new technology for high voltage Power MOSFETshas been introduced – the CoolMOS™ . Based on thenew device concept of charge compensation the RDS(on) areaproduct for e.g. 600V transistors has been reduced by afactor of 5. The devices show no bipolar current contributionlike the well known tail current observed during the turn-offphase of IGBTs. CoolMOS™ virtually combines the lowswitching losses of a MOSFET with the on-state losses of anIGBT.
标签： COOLMOS
上传时间： 2013-11-14
上传用户：zhyiroy
This unique guide to designing digital VLSI circuits takes a top-down approach, reflecting the natureof the design process in industry. Starting with architecture design, the book explains the why andhow of digital design, using the physics that designers need to know, and no more.Covering system and component aspects, design verification, VHDL modelling, clocking, signalintegrity, layout, electricaloverstress, field-programmable logic, economic issues, and more, thescope of the book is singularly comprehensive.
标签： Integrated Digital Circuit Design
上传时间： 2013-11-04
上传用户：life840315
This publication represents the largest LTC commitmentto an application note to date. no other application noteabsorbed as much effort, took so long or cost so much.This level of activity is justified by our belief that high speedmonolithic amplifiers greatly interest users.
标签： 高速放大器
上传时间： 2014-01-07
上传用户：wfl_yy
Sensors for pressure, load, temperature, acceleration andmany other physical quantities often take the form of aWheatstone bridge. These sensors can be extremely linearand stable over time and temperature. However, mostthings in nature are only linear if you don’t bend them toomuch. In the case of a load cell, Hooke’s law states that thestrain in a material is proportional to the applied stress—as long as the stress is nowhere near the material’s yieldpoint (the “point of no return” where the material ispermanently deformed).
上传时间： 2013-11-13
上传用户：墙角有棵树
设计了水声信号发生系统中的功率放大电路，可将前级电路产生的方波信号转换为正弦信号，同时进行滤波、功率放大，使其满足换能器对输入信号的要求。该电路以单片机AT89C52，集成6阶巴特沃思低通滤波芯片MF6以及大功率运算放大器LM12为核心，通过标准RS232接口与PC进行通信，实现信号增益的程控调节，对干扰信号具有良好的抑制作用。经调试该电路工作稳定正常，输出波形无失真，在输出功率以及放大增益、波纹系数等方面均满足设计要求。 This paper presented a design and implementation of underwater acoustic power amplifer. This circuit converted the rectangle signal generated by frontend circuit into the sine signal， then filtered and power amplification， it meets the requirements of the transducer.Included AT89C52， 6th order Butterworth filter MF6， hipower amplififier LM12.Communication with PC through the RS232 port. The signal gain is adjustable and could be remote controlled. It has a good inhibitory effect on the interference signal. After debugged， this circuit works stable， the output waveform has no distortion， it meets the design requirement in outprt power， amplifier gain and ripple factor.
上传时间： 2013-11-20
上传用户：qwe1234
