0引言对于一个程序员，如果要从头开始完全由自己来编写一个用于通信的应用程序，必须对相关的网络协议及其它的一些底层技术有较深入的了解，编程难度比较大。Visual Basic（VB）为广大程序员提供了基于WindowsSockets网络编程接口的Winsock控件，它封装了所有繁琐的技术细节，并提供了访问TCP和UDP网络服务的方便途径，只需通过设置控件的属性并调用其方法就可轻易连接到一台远程计算机中，并且还可以实现双向交换数据。因此，利用VB的Winsock 控件来编写基于TCP和UDP协议的通信程序，可以降低编程难度，简化应用程序。1TCP和UDP协议介绍TCP和UDP是TCP/IP协议中的两个传输层协议，它们使用IP路由功能把数据包发送到目的地，从而为应用程序及应用层协议提供网络服务。TCP（Transmission Control Protocol，传输控制协议）是面向连接的协议。“面向连接”就是在正式通信前必须要与对方建立起可靠的连接，这就好象平时的打电话，必须等线路接通了、对方拿起话筒才能相互通话。一个TCP连接必须要经过三次“对话“才能建立起来，其中的过程非常复杂。UDP（User Data Protocol，用户数据报协议）是与TCP相对应的协议，是面向非连接的协议。“面向非连接”就是在正式通信前不必与对方先建立连接，不考虑对方状态就直接发送数据，这就好象平时的发手机短信，不必考虑对方状态，只需要输入对方手机号就行。TCP提供的是面向连接的、可靠的数据流传输，而UDP提供的是面向非连接的、不可靠的数据流传输。面向连接的协议在任何数据传输前就建立好了点到点的连接，面向非连接的协议在数据传输之前不建立连接，而是在每个中间节点对面向非连接的包和数据包进行路由。
上传时间： 2022-06-24
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摘要：介绍了以FreeModbus协议找在嵌入式抢占实时操作系统μC/OS-l的STM32平台上，成功实现了Modbus协议的移植。通过详细分析FreeModbus协议花并编写STM32F103VET6微处理器的底层驱动，成功实现了工业Modbus协议RTU和ASCll两种模式的通信功能。测试结果表明，在实际工业生产控制和仪表开发中，应用Freemodbus协议，完全符合工业数据采集、实时控制和数据处理等厂级重复性和精确度要求，在一定程度上降低了工业仪表开发的周期及成本。关键词：实时操作系统，uC/OS-ll，FreeModbus，Modbus协议，STM32Abstract:This paper introduces FreeModbus stack transplanted to the STM32 platform which has been embedded in the preemptive real-time operating system uC/OS-ll，in order that the transplantation of the Modbus protocol is successfuly im-plemented.The FreeModbus stack is analyzed in detail and STM32F103VET6 microprocessor underlying driver is writed，so that the two Modbus industrial communication function RTU and ASCll are successfully realized.Keywords:time operating system，uC/OS-ll，.FreeModbus，Modbus协议，STM32
标签： freemodbus 通信协议
上传时间： 2022-06-25
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1.RTP概述1.1，RTP是什么TP全名是Real-time Transport Protocol（实时传输协议）。它是IETF提出的一个标准，对应的 RFC文档为RFC3550（RFC1889为其过期版本）.RFC3550不仅定义了 RTP，而且定义了配套的相关协议 RTCP（Real-time Transport Control Protocol，即实时传输控制协议）。RTP用来为IP网上的语音、图像、传真等多种需要实时传输的多媒体数据提供端到端的实时传输服务。RTP为Internet上端到端的实时传输提供时间信息和流同步，但并不保证服务质量，服务质量由RTCP来提供。1.2.RTP的应用环境RTP用于在单播或多播网络中传送实时数据。它们典型的应用场合有如下几个。（1）简单的多播音频会议。语音通信通过一个多播地址和一对端口来实现。一个用于音频数据（RTP），另一个用于控制包（RTCP）2）音频和视频会议。如果在一次会议中同时使用了音频和视频会议，这两种媒体将分别在不同的 RTP会话中传送，每一个会话使用不同的传输地址（IP地址+端口）。如果一个用户同时使用了两个会话，则每个会话对应的 RTCP包都使用规范化名字CNAME（Canonical Name）。与会者可以根据RTCP包中的CNAME来获取相关联的音频和视频，然后根据 RTCP包中的计时信息（Network time protocol）来实现音频和视频的同步。
上传时间： 2022-06-26
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eMMC (Embedded Multi Media Card）是MMC协会订立、主要针对手机或平板电脑等产品的内嵌式存储器标准规格。eMMC在封装中集成了一个控制器，提供标准接口并管理闪存，使得手机厂商就能专注于产品开发的其它部分，并缩短向市场推出产品的时间。MMC的应用是对存储容量有较高要求的消费电子产品。2011年已大量生产的一些热门产品，如Palm Pre、Amazon Kindle II和Flip MinoHD，都采用了eMMC。为了确认这些产品究竟使用了何种存储器，iSuppli利用拆机分析业务对它们进行了拆解，发现eMMC身在其中。附件为介绍EMMC5.1标准的数据手册.
上传时间： 2022-06-27
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摘要：本系统以ICL8038集成块为核心器件，制作一种函数信号发生器，制作成本较低。适合学生学习电子技术测量使用。ICL8038是一种具有多种波形输出的精密振荡集成电路，只需要个别的外部元件就能产生从0.001Hz~30KlHz的低失真正弦波、三角波、矩形波等脉冲信号。输出波形的频率和占空比还可以由电流或电阻控制。另外由于该芯片具有调制信号输入端，所以可以用来对低频信号进行频率调制。关键词：函数信号发生器频率调制Abstract：The system ICL8038 integrated block as the core device，producing a kind of function signal generator，producing low cost.Suitable for students to learn the use of electronic technology measurement.ICL8038 is a kind of multi-precision oscillator waveform output integrated circuits，a separate external components only need to be able to generate from the 0.001Hz ~30KHz low-distortion sine wave，triangle wave，square wave pulse signal，etc..Output waveform of the frequency and duty cycle can also be controlled by a currentor resistance.In addition，as the chip has a modulated signal input terminal，it can be used to low-frequency signal is frequency modulation.
上传时间： 2022-07-04
上传用户：zhanglei193
MT2625 DatasheetVersion: 1.2Release date: 31 January 2018NB-IoT transceiver• Compliant with 3GPP R13/R14 NB-IoT standard• Supports DL 200kHz bandwidth/UL single tone and multi-tone• Supported RF bands: B1/B2/B3/B5/B8/B11/B12/B13/B17/B18/B19/B20/B21/B25/B26/B28/B31/B66/B70/B71• Supports PSM and eDRX modeMicrocontroller subsystem• ARM® Cortex®-M4 with FPU and MPU• 14 DMA channels• One RTC timer, one 64-bit and five 32-bit general purpose timers• Development support: SWD, JTAG• Crypto engineo AES 128, 192, 256 bitso DES, 3DESo MD5, SHA-1, 224, 256, 384, 512• True random number generator• JTAG password protection
标签： MT2625
上传时间： 2022-07-04
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1. General Description BL-M3362NS1 product is designed base on Broadcom BCM43362 chipset. It operates at 2.4GHz band and supports IEEE802.11b/g/n 1T1Rwith wireless data rate up to 72.2Mbps. It supports IEEE802.11isafety protocol, along with IEEE802.11e standard service quality. It supports standard interfaces SDIOV2.0(50 MHz,4-bit and1-bit) and generic SPI(up to 50 MHz), Integrated ARM Cortex?-M3 CPUwith on-chip memory enables running IEEE802.11 firmware that can be field-upgraded with future features.2. The range of applying Imaging platforms(printers, digital still cameras, digital picture frames)Consumer electronic devices(DTV, DVDplayers, Blu-ray players. etc.)Gaming platforms Carinformation MiFi/Mobile Routes Smart PAD Set-TopBoxes
标签： wifi
上传时间： 2022-07-04
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PrefaceDuring the past years, there has been a quickly rising interest in radio access technologies for providingmobile as well as nomadic and fixed services for voice, video, and data. The difference indesign, implementation, and use between telecom and datacom technologies is also becoming moreblurred. One example is cellular technologies from the telecom world being used for broadband dataand wireless LAN from the datacom world being used for voice-over IP.Today, the most widespread radio access technology for mobile communication is digital cellular,with the number of users passing 5 billion by 2010, which is more than half of the world’s population.It has emerged from early deployments of an expensive voice service for a few car-borne users,to today’s widespread use of mobile-communication devices that provide a range of mobile servicesand often include camera, MP3 player, and PDA functions. With this widespread use and increasinginterest in mobile communication, a continuing evolution ahead is foreseen.This book describes LTE, developed in 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project) and providingtrue 4G broadband mobile access, starting from the first version in release 8 and through the continuingevolution to release 10, the latest version of LTE. Release 10, also known as LTE-Advanced,is of particular interest as it is the major technology approved by the ITU as fulfilling the IMTAdvancedrequirements. The description in this book is based on LTE release 10 and thus provides acomplete description of the LTE-Advanced radio access from the bottom up.Chapter 1 gives the background to LTE and its evolution, looking also at the different standardsbodies and organizations involved in the process of defining 4G. It also gives a discussion of the reasonsand driving forces behind the evolution.Chapters 2–6 provide a deeper insight into some of the technologies that are part of LTE and itsevolution. Because of its generic nature, these chapters can be used as a background not only for LTEas described in this book, but also for readers who want to understand the technology behind othersystems, such as WCDMA/HSPA, WiMAX, and CDMA2000.Chapters 7–17 constitute the main part of the book. As a start, an introductory technical overviewof LTE is given, where the most important technology components are introduced based onthe generic technologies described in previous chapters. The following chapters provide a detaileddescription of the protocol structure, the downlink and uplink transmission schemes, and the associatedmechanisms for scheduling, retransmission and interference handling. Broadcast operation andrelaying are also described. This is followed by a discussion of the spectrum flexibility and the associated
上传时间： 2022-07-08
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• VL53L1X OverView• VL53L1X Software Package• Default and FAST mode• Ultra light driver.• VL53L1X GUI• VL53L1X Multi sensor design• STM32 FW: Import, Compile, Run, Debug…• What is Xtalk?• Cover Window and ID design• How about Human and object reflectance at 940 nm ?
上传时间： 2022-07-17
上传用户：bluedrops
RK3328手册RK3328 is a high-performance Quad-core application processor designed for Smart STB(Set Top Box) including OTT/IPTV/DVB. It is a high-integration and cost efficient SOC for 4KHDR STB.Quad-core Cortex-A53 is integrated with separate Neon and FPU coprocessor, also withshared L2 Cache. The Quad-core GPU supports high-resolution display and game.Lots of high-performance interface to get very flexible solution, such as multi-channeldisplay including HDMI2.0a and TV Encoder (CVBS). TrustZone and crypto hardware areintegrated for security. 32bits DDR3/DDR3L/DDR4/LPDDR3 provides high memorybandwidth.
上传时间： 2022-08-10
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