This document provides practical, common guidelines for incorporating PCI Express interconnect layouts onto Printed Circuit Boards (PCB) ranging from 4-layer desktop baseboard designs to 10- layer or more server baseboard designs. Guidelines and constraints in this document are intended for use on both baseboard and add-in card PCB designs. This includes interconnects between PCI Express devices located on the same baseboard (chip-to-chip routing) and interconnects between a PCI Express device located “down” on the baseboard and a device located “up” on an add-in card attached through a connector. This document is intended to cover all major components of the physical interconnect including design guidelines for the PCB traces, vias and AC coupling capacitors, as well as add-in card edge-finger and connector considerations. The intent of the guidelines and examples is to help ensure that good high-speed signal design practices are used and that the timing/jitter and loss/attenuation budgets can also be met from end-to-end across the PCI Express interconnect. However, while general physical guidelines and suggestions are given, they may not necessarily guarantee adequate performance of the interconnect for all layouts and implementations. Therefore, designers should consider modeling and simulation of the interconnect in order to ensure compliance to all applicable specifications. The document is composed of two main sections. The first section provides an overview of general topology and interconnect guidelines. The second section concentrates on physical layout constraints where bulleted items at the beginning of a topic highlight important constraints, while the narrative that follows offers additional insight.
上传时间： 2014-01-24
上传用户：s363994250
为了提高直接转矩控制（DTC）系统定子磁链估计精度，降低电流、电压测量的随机误差，提出了一种基于扩展卡尔曼滤波（EKF）实现异步电机转子位置和速度估计的方法。扩展卡尔曼滤波器是建立在基于旋转坐标系下由定子电流、电压、转子转速和其它电机参量所构成的电机模型上，将定子电流、定子磁链、转速和转子角位置作为状态变量，定子电压为输入变量，定子电流为输出变量，通过对磁链和转速的闭环控制提高定子磁链的估计精度，实现了异步电机的无速度传感器直接转矩控制策略，仿真结果验证了该方法的可行性,提高了直接转矩的控制性能。 Abstract: In order to improve the Direct Torque Control（DTC） system of stator flux estimation accuracy and reduce the current， voltage measurement of random error， a novel method to estimate the speed and rotor position of asynchronous motor based on extended Kalman filter was introduced. EKF was based on d-p axis motor and other motor parameters （state vector: stator current， stator flux linkage， rotor angular speed and position； input: stator voltage； output: staror current). EKF was designed for stator flux and rotor speed estimation in close-loop control. It can improve the estimated accuracy of stator flux. It is possible to estimate the speed and rotor position and implement asynchronous motor drives without position and speed sensors. The simulation results show it is efficient and improves the control performance.
上传时间： 2015-01-02
上传用户：qingdou
Accurate measurement of the third order intercept pointfor low distortion IC products such as the LT5514 requirescertain precautions to be observed in the test setup andtesting procedure. The LT5514 linearity performance ishigh enough to push the test equipment and test set-up totheir limits. A method for accurate measurement of thirdorder intermodulation products, IM3, with standard testequipment is outlined below.It is also important to correctly interpret the LT5514specification with respect to ROUT, and the impact ofdemo-board transmission-line termination loss whenevaluating the linearity performance, as explained in theLT5514 Datasheet and in Note 1 of this document.
上传时间： 2013-11-14
上传用户：l254587896
基于通用集成运算放大器，利用MASON公式设计了一个多功能二阶通用滤波器，能同时或分别实现低通、高通和带通滤波，也能设计成一个正交振荡器。电路的极点频率和品质因数能够独立、精确地调节。电路使用4个集成运放、2个电容和11个电阻，所有集成运放的反相端虚地。利用计算机仿真电路的通用滤波功能、极点频率和品质因数的独立控制和正交正弦振荡，从而证明该滤波器正确有效。 Abstract: A new multifunctional second-order filter based on OPs was presented by MASON formula. Functions， such as high-pass， band-pass， low-pass filtering， can be realized respectively and simultaneously， and can become a quadrature oscillator by modifying resistance ratio. Its pole angular frequency and quality factor can be tuned accurately and independently. The circuit presented contains four OPs， two capacitors， and eleven resistances， and inverting input of all OPs is virtual ground. Its general filtering， the independent control of pole frequency and quality factor and quadrature sinusoidal oscillation were simulated by computer， and the result shows that the presented circuit is valid and effective.
上传时间： 2013-10-09
上传用户：13788529953
IP核生成文件：（Xilinx/Altera 同） IP核生成器生成 ip 后有两个文件对我们比较有用，假设生成了一个 asyn_fifo 的核，则asyn_fifo.veo 给出了例化该核方式（或者在 Edit－》Language Template-》COREGEN 中找到verilog/VHDL 的例化方式）。asyn_fifo.v 是该核的行为模型，主要调用了 xilinx 行为模型库的模块，仿真时该文件也要加入工程。（在 ISE中点中该核，在对应的 processes 窗口中运行“ View Verilog Functional Model ”即可查看该 .v 文件）。如下图所示。
上传时间： 2013-11-02
上传用户：谁偷了我的麦兜
A windows BMP file is a common image format that Java does not handle. While BMP images are used only on windows machines, they are reasonably common. Reading these shows how to read complex structures in Java and how to alter they byte order from the big endian order used by Java to the little endian order used by the windows and the intel processor.
上传时间： 2013-12-27
上传用户：gaojiao1999
灰色预测模型称为CM模型，G为grey的第一个字母，M为model的第一个字母。GM（1，1）表示一阶的，一个变量的微分方程型预测模型。GM（1，1）是一阶单序列的线性动态模型，主要用于时间序列预测。 一、GM（1，1）建模 设有数列 共有 个观察值 对 作累加生成，得到新的数列 ，其元素 （5-1） 有： 对数列 ，可建立预测模型的白化形式方程， （5-2） 式中： ——为待估计参数。分别称为发展灰数和内生控制灰数。设 为待估计参数向量 则 按最小二乘法求解， 有： （5-3） 式中： （5-4） （5-5） 将（5-3）式求得的 代入（5-2）式，并解微分方程，有 （1，1）预测模型为： （5-6）
上传时间： 2015-03-04
上传用户：thesk123
最新的支持向量机工具箱，有了它会很方便 1. Find time to write a proper list of things to do! 2. Documentation. 3. Support Vector Regression. 4. Automated model selection. REFERENCES ========== [1] V.N. Vapnik, "The Nature of Statistical Learning Theory", Springer-Verlag, New York, ISBN 0-387-94559-8, 1995. [2] J. C. Platt, "Fast training of support vector machines using sequential minimal optimization", in Advances in Kernel Methods - Support Vector Learning, (Eds) B. Scholkopf, C. Burges, and A. J. Smola, MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, chapter 12, pp 185-208, 1999. [3] T. Joachims, "Estimating the Generalization Performance of a SVM Efficiently", LS-8 Report 25, Universitat Dortmund, Fachbereich Informatik, 1999.
上传时间： 2013-12-16
上传用户：亚亚娟娟123
JSP的强大优势在于把一种应用的商务逻辑和它的介绍分离开来。用 Smalltalk的面向对象的术语来说， JSP鼓励MVC(model-view-controller)的web应用。JSP的classes 或 beans 是模型, JSP 是这个视图, 而Servlet是控制器。这个例子是一个简单的留言板
上传时间： 2013-12-20
上传用户：003030
This toolbox distributes processes over matlab workers available over the intranet/internet (SPMD or MPMD parallel model). It is very useful for corsely granular parallelization problems and in the precesence of a distributed and heterogeneus computer enviroment. No need for configuration files ! Cross platforms, cross OS and cross MATLAB versions. Workers can be added to the parallel computation even if it has started. No need of a common file system, all comms are using tcpip connections
标签： over distributes available processes
上传时间： 2014-01-03
上传用户：希酱大魔王
