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  • PCB被动组件的隐藏特性解析

    PCB 被动组件的隐藏特性解析 传统上,EMC一直被视为「黑色魔术(black magic)」。其实,EMC是可以藉由数学公式来理解的。不过,纵使有数学分析方法可以利用,但那些数学方程式对实际的EMC电路设计而言,仍然太过复杂了。幸运的是,在大多数的实务工作中,工程师并不需要完全理解那些复杂的数学公式和存在于EMC规范中的学理依据,只要藉由简单的数学模型,就能够明白要如何达到EMC的要求。本文藉由简单的数学公式和电磁理论,来说明在印刷电路板(PCB)上被动组件(passivecomponent)的隐藏行为和特性,这些都是工程师想让所设计的电子产品通过EMC标准时,事先所必须具备的基本知识。导线和PCB走线导线(wire)、走线(trace)、固定架……等看似不起眼的组件,却经常成为射频能量的最佳发射器(亦即,EMI的来源)。每一种组件都具有电感,这包含硅芯片的焊线(bond wire)、以及电阻、电容、电感的接脚。每根导线或走线都包含有隐藏的寄生电容和电感。这些寄生性组件会影响导线的阻抗大小,而且对频率很敏感。依据LC 的值(决定自共振频率)和PCB走线的长度,在某组件和PCB走线之间,可以产生自共振(self-resonance),因此,形成一根有效率的辐射天线。在低频时,导线大致上只具有电阻的特性。但在高频时,导线就具有电感的特性。因为变成高频后,会造成阻抗大小的变化,进而改变导线或PCB 走线与接地之间的EMC 设计,这时必需使用接地面(ground plane)和接地网格(ground grid)。导线和PCB 走线的最主要差别只在于,导线是圆形的,走线是长方形的。导线或走线的阻抗包含电阻R和感抗XL = 2πfL,在高频时,此阻抗定义为Z = R + j XL j2πfL,没有容抗Xc = 1/2πfC存在。频率高于100 kHz以上时,感抗大于电阻,此时导线或走线不再是低电阻的连接线,而是电感。一般而言,在音频以上工作的导线或走线应该视为电感,不能再看成电阻,而且可以是射频天线。

    标签: PCB 被动组件

    上传时间: 2013-11-16

    上传用户:极客

  • PCB设计经典资料

    本文将接续介绍电源与功率电路基板,以及数字电路基板导线设计。宽带与高频电路基板导线设计a.输入阻抗1MHz,平滑性(flatness)50MHz 的OP增幅器电路基板图26 是由FET 输入的高速OP 增幅器OPA656 构成的高输入阻抗OP 增幅电路,它的gain取决于R1、R2,本电路图的电路定数为2 倍。此外为改善平滑性特别追加设置可以加大噪讯gain,抑制gain-频率特性高频领域时峰值的R3。图26 高输入阻抗的宽带OP增幅电路图27 是高输入阻抗OP 增幅器的电路基板图案。降低高速OP 增幅器反相输入端子与接地之间的浮游容量非常重要,所以本电路的浮游容量设计目标低于0.5pF。如果上述部位附着大浮游容量的话,会成为高频领域的频率特性产生峰值的原因,严重时频率甚至会因为feedback 阻抗与浮游容量,造成feedback 信号的位相延迟,最后导致频率特性产生波动现象。此外高输入阻抗OP 增幅器输入部位的浮游容量也逐渐成为问题,图27 的电路基板图案的非反相输入端子部位无full ground设计,如果有外部噪讯干扰之虞时,接地可设计成网格状(mesh)。图28 是根据图26 制成的OP 增幅器Gain-频率特性测试结果,由图可知即使接近50MHz频率特性非常平滑,-3dB cutoff频率大约是133MHz。

    标签: PCB

    上传时间: 2013-11-08

    上传用户:z754970244

  • 基于MASON公式的多功能二阶通用滤波器设计

    基于通用集成运算放大器,利用MASON公式设计了一个多功能二阶通用滤波器,能同时或分别实现低通、高通和带通滤波,也能设计成一个正交振荡器。电路的极点频率和品质因数能够独立、精确地调节。电路使用4个集成运放、2个电容和11个电阻,所有集成运放的反相端虚地。利用计算机仿真电路的通用滤波功能、极点频率和品质因数的独立控制和正交正弦振荡,从而证明该滤波器正确有效。 Abstract:  A new multifunctional second-order filter based on OPs was presented by MASON formula. Functions, such as high-pass, band-pass, low-pass filtering, can be realized respectively and simultaneously, and can become a quadrature oscillator by modifying resistance ratio. Its pole angular frequency and quality factor can be tuned accurately and independently. The circuit presented contains four OPs, two capacitors, and eleven resistances, and inverting input of all OPs is virtual ground. Its general filtering, the independent control of pole frequency and quality factor and quadrature sinusoidal oscillation were simulated by computer, and the result shows that the presented circuit is valid and effective.

    标签: MASON 多功能 二阶 滤波器设计

    上传时间: 2013-10-09

    上传用户:13788529953

  • DSP音频处理示例The benefits of real-time analysis provided by DSP/BIOS are often required in programs that

    DSP音频处理示例The benefits of real-time analysis provided by DSP/BIOS are often required in programs that were engineered without it. When the program is not built from the ground up using the DSP/BIOS kernel and real-time analysis features, the lack of familiarity prevents engineers from reaping the benefits of this very powerful tool set, especially in the final stage of development when real-time analysis is needed most. This application note provides an example of the necessary steps required to utilize DSP/BIOS features in order to bring these solutions to bear in an existing application.

    标签: DSP real-time benefits analysis

    上传时间: 2014-01-06

    上传用户:003030

  • Chipcon CC2420 reference design w/PA board rev B CC2420_w_PA_PCB.ZIP FABRICATION.PHO - fabricati

    Chipcon CC2420 reference design w/PA board rev B CC2420_w_PA_PCB.ZIP FABRICATION.PHO - fabrication drawing COPPER1.PHO - copper layer #1 (top side) COPPER2.PHO - copper layer #2 (inner ground plane) COPPER3.PHO - copper layer #3 (inner power plane) COPPER4.PHO - copper layer #4 (bottom side) TOPMASK.PHO - top side solder mask BOTTOMMASK.PHO - bottom side solder mask NCDRILL.DRL - drill data file NCDRILL.LST - drill list NCDRILL.REP - drill report

    标签: 2420 FABRICATION reference fabricati

    上传时间: 2015-05-11

    上传用户:xc216

  • palm编成,这种书很少,有兴趣看看 Title: Palm Programming: The Developer s Guide URL: http://safari.oreilly.com/J

    palm编成,这种书很少,有兴趣看看 Title: Palm Programming: The Developer s Guide URL: http://safari.oreilly.com/JVXSL.asp?x=1&mode=section&sortKey=rank&sortOrder=desc&view=book&xmlid=1-56592-525-4&open=false&srchText=palm+programming&code=&h=&m=&l=1&catid=&s=1&b=1&f=1&t=1&c=1&u=1&page=0 ISBN: 1-56592-525-4 Author: Julie McKeehan/ Neil Rhodes Publisher: O Reilly Page: 478 Edition: 1st edition (December 1998) Catalog: PDA programming / Palm Format: pdf Size: 2.06M Supplier: Summary: Emerging as the bestselling hand-held computers of all time, PalmPilots have spawned intense developer activity and a fanatical following. Used by Palm in their developer training, this tutorial-style book shows intermediate to experienced C programmers how to build a Palm application from the ground up. Includes a CD-ROM with source code and third-party developer tools

    标签: Programming Developer oreilly safari

    上传时间: 2013-12-10

    上传用户:litianchu

  • 后PC时代是嵌入式和网络化的时代

    后PC时代是嵌入式和网络化的时代,包括掌上电脑在内的PDA产品是后PC时代最重要的产品之一。在PDA市场激烈竞争的今天,Palm这个PDA界的龙头老大,将被国内越来越多的人所接受,有关Palm OS 的研究、开发和应用工作也将随之推广。Palm OS programming from the ground up作为一本Palm开发的入门书籍较为全面的向读者介绍了使用Code Warrior开发工具开发一个完整Palm OS应用程序的全过程。 本书面向各个层次的C程序员读者和PDA爱好者。对于初学者来说,这是一本很好的入门教程,对于有经验的程序员来说,这是专业的参考书,对于PDA爱好者来说,这又是一本方便的手册。通过本书的学习,不仅可以快速学会开发基本的Palm OS应用程序,还可以学到调试程序、使用数据库,优化用户界面等高级PDA开发技术。 需要说明的是由于书中出现的一些新的专业词汇,国内尚无统一标准译法,只好按实际含义译出。由于译者水平有限,错误和不妥之处敬请广大读者指正。 本书由傅曦、张昌利和瞿芹翻译,书中所有例子在Palm IIIc 和 POSE 模拟器上调试通过。如有疑问可联系:fxqq@sina.com 衷心期望通过本书的学习你能成为Palm OS高级开发人员中的一员。

    标签: 后PC时代 嵌入式 网络

    上传时间: 2013-12-20

    上传用户:zhanditian

  • % % set some variables in the workspace to control behaviour: % % graphicsMode 0 no graphics, %

    % % set some variables in the workspace to control behaviour: % % graphicsMode 0 no graphics, % 1 graphics, particles, beacons, ground truth % 2 graphics, as above + range circles % % perfect 0 use beacon range data % 1 use ground truth range data % clear a

    标签: graphicsMode behaviour variables workspace

    上传时间: 2014-01-09

    上传用户:yiwen213

  • Global Software: Why You Should Care Internationalization is the process of developing a piece

    Global Software: Why You Should Care Internationalization is the process of developing a piece of software from the ground up so that it can be translated for a new user community without recompilation

    标签: Internationalization developing Software process

    上传时间: 2016-03-11

    上传用户:huangld

  • In just 24 lessons of one hour or less, you will be able to build dynamic Web sites using JavaServer

    In just 24 lessons of one hour or less, you will be able to build dynamic Web sites using JavaServer Pages. Using a straightforward, step-by-step approach, each lesson builds on the previous ones, enabling you to learn the essentials of JavaServer Pages 2.0 from the ground up. The book includes Apache Tomcat, Sun s reference implementation of JSP, so you can start developing applications immediately.

    标签: JavaServer dynamic lessons build

    上传时间: 2014-11-25

    上传用户:TRIFCT