清晰实用地讲解了标准库，并且以驱动，重点强调容器、迭代器、算法（即标准模板库STL）、string 类和iostream。 详细讨论了标准C++的新特性，包括异常处理、运行时类型识别、名字空间、内置bool类型和新类型强制转换表示等，并说明了如何有效地使用这些特性。 全面介绍了C++语言的高级特性，例如模板、类、继承机制，用来支持泛型程序设计、面向对象程序设计和基于对象程序设计。 提供了一个可供作为泛型算法快速参考的附录，描述了这些算法的行为，并提供使用这些算法的具体示例。
标签： 标准库
上传时间： 2017-04-26
上传用户：cmc_68289287
第一章关键字...................................................................................................................................9 1.1，最宽恒大量的关键字----auto..........................................................................................11 1.2，最快的关键字---- register............................................................................................... 11 1.2.1，皇帝身边的小太监----寄存器............................................................................. 11 1.2.2，使用register 修饰符的注意点.............................................................................11 1.3，最名不符实的关键字----static........................................................................................12 1.3.1，修饰变量...............................................................................................................12 1.3.2，修饰函数...............................................................................................................13 1.4，基本数据类型----short、int、long、char、float、double........................................... 13 1.4.1，数据类型与“模子”............................................................................................... 14 1.4.2，变量的命名规则...................................................................................................14 1.5，最冤枉的关键字----sizeof...............................................................................................18 1.5.1，常年被人误认为函数...........................................................................................18 1.5.2，sizeof（int）*p 表示什么意思？........................................................................18 1.4，signed、unsigned 关键字................................................................................................19 1.6，if、else 组合.................................................................................................................... 20 1.6.1，bool 变量与“零值”进行比较...............................................................................20 1.6.2, float 变量与“零值”进行比较.................................................................................21 1.6.3，指针变量与“零值”进行比较...............................................................................21 1.6.4，else 到底与哪个if 配对呢？...............................................................................22 1.6.5，if 语句后面的分号............................................................................................... 23 1.6.6，使用if 语句的其他注意事项.............................................................................. 24 1.7，switch、case 组合........................................................................................................... 24 1.7.1，不要拿青龙偃月刀去削苹果.............................................................................. 24 1.7.2，case 关键字后面的值有什么要求吗？.............................................................. 25 1.7.3，case 语句的排列顺序...........................................................................................25 1.7.4，使用case 语句的其他注意事项..........................................................................27 1.8，do、while、for 关键字................................................................................................... 28 1.8.1，break 与continue 的区别.....................................................................................28 1.8.2，循环语句的注意点...............................................................................................29 1.9，goto 关键字......................................................................................................................30 1.10，void 关键字....................................................................................................................31 1.10.1，void a？............................................................................................................31 1.10，return 关键字................................................................................................................. 34 1.11，const 关键字也许该被替换为readolny....................................................................... 34 1.11.2，节省空间，避免不必要的内存分配，同时提高效率.................................... 35 1.12，最易变的关键字----volatile.......................................................................................... 36 1.13，最会带帽子的关键字----extern.................................................................................... 37 1.14，struct 关键字..................................................................................................................38
标签： c语言深度剖析
上传时间： 2015-05-01
上传用户：cascas
// 学生管理.cpp : Defines the entry point for the application. // #include "stdafx.h" #include "resource.h" #define MAX_LOADSTRING 100 // Global Variables: HINSTANCE hInst; // current instance TCHAR szTitle[MAX_LOADSTRING]; // The title bar text TCHAR szWindowClass[MAX_LOADSTRING]; // The title bar text // Foward declarations of functions included in this code module: ATOM MyRegisterClass(HINSTANCE hInstance); bool InitInstance(HINSTANCE, int); LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM); LRESULT CALLBACK About(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM); struct person { char name[10]; int ID; int cj_yw; int cj_sx; struct person* next; struct person* pro; }per; int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow) { // TODO: Place code here. MSG msg; HACCEL hAccelTable; // Initialize global strings LoadString(hInstance, IDS_APP_TITLE, szTitle, MAX_LOADSTRING); LoadString(hInstance, IDC_MY, szWindowClass, MAX_LOADSTRING); MyRegisterClass(hInstance); // Perform application initialization: if (!InitInstance (hInstance, nCmdShow)) { return FALSE; } hAccelTable = LoadAccelerators(hInstance, (LPCTSTR)IDC_MY); // Main message loop: while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) { if (!TranslateAccelerator(msg.hwnd, hAccelTable, &msg)) { TranslateMessage(&msg); DispatchMessage(&msg); } } return msg.wParam; } // // FUNCTION: MyRegisterClass() // // PURPOSE: Registers the window class. // // COMMENTS: // // This function and its usage is only necessary if you want this code // to be compatible with Win32 systems prior to the 'RegisterClassEx' // function that was added to Windows 95. It is important to call this function // so that the application will get 'well formed' small icons associated // with it. // ATOM MyRegisterClass(HINSTANCE hInstance) { WNDCLASSEX wcex; wcex.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX); wcex.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW; wcex.lpfnWndProc = (WNDPROC)WndProc; wcex.cbClsExtra = 0; wcex.cbWndExtra = 0; wcex.hInstance = hInstance; wcex.hIcon = LoadIcon(hInstance, (LPCTSTR)IDI_MY); wcex.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW); wcex.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1); wcex.lpszMenuName = (LPCSTR)IDC_MY; wcex.lpszClassName = szWindowClass; wcex.hIconSm = LoadIcon(wcex.hInstance, (LPCTSTR)IDI_SMALL); return RegisterClassEx(&wcex); } // // FUNCTION: InitInstance(HANDLE, int) // // PURPOSE: Saves instance handle and creates main window // // COMMENTS: // // In this function, we save the instance handle in a global variable and // create and display the main program window. // bool InitInstance(HINSTANCE hInstance, int nCmdShow) { HWND hWnd; hInst = hInstance; // Store instance handle in our global variable hWnd = CreateWindow(szWindowClass, szTitle, WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL); if (!hWnd) { return FALSE; } ShowWindow(hWnd, nCmdShow); UpdateWindow(hWnd); return TRUE; } // // FUNCTION: WndProc(HWND, unsigned, WORD, LONG) // // PURPOSE: Processes messages for the main window. // // WM_COMMAND - process the application menu // WM_PAINT - Paint the main window // WM_DESTROY - post a quit message and return // // LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { int wmId, wmEvent; PAINTSTRUCT ps; HDC hdc; TCHAR szHello[MAX_LOADSTRING]; LoadString(hInst, IDS_HELLO, szHello, MAX_LOADSTRING); switch (message) { case WM_COMMAND: wmId = LOWORD(wParam); wmEvent = HIWORD(wParam); // Parse the menu selections: switch (wmId) { case IDM_ABOUT: DialogBox(hInst, (LPCTSTR)IDD_ABOUTBOX, hWnd, (DLGPROC)About); break; case IDM_EXIT: DestroyWindow(hWnd); break; default: return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam); } break; case WM_PAINT: hdc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps); // TODO: Add any drawing code here... RECT rt; GetClientRect(hWnd, &rt); DrawText(hdc, szHello, strlen(szHello), &rt, DT_CENTER); EndPaint(hWnd, &ps); break; case WM_DESTROY: PostQuitMessage(0); break; default: return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam); } return 0; } // Mesage handler for about box. LRESULT CALLBACK About(HWND hDlg, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { switch (message) { case WM_INITDIALOG: return TRUE; case WM_COMMAND: if (LOWORD(wParam) == IDOK || LOWORD(wParam) == IDCANCEL) { EndDialog(hDlg, LOWORD(wParam)); return TRUE; } break; } return FALSE; }
上传时间： 2016-12-29
上传用户：767483511
// 学生管理.cpp : Defines the entry point for the application. // #include "stdafx.h" #include "resource.h" #define MAX_LOADSTRING 100 // Global Variables: HINSTANCE hInst; // current instance TCHAR szTitle[MAX_LOADSTRING]; // The title bar text TCHAR szWindowClass[MAX_LOADSTRING]; // The title bar text // Foward declarations of functions included in this code module: ATOM MyRegisterClass(HINSTANCE hInstance); bool InitInstance(HINSTANCE, int); LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM); LRESULT CALLBACK About(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM); struct person { char name[10]; int ID; int cj_yw; int cj_sx; struct person* next; struct person* pro; }per; int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow) { // TODO: Place code here. MSG msg; HACCEL hAccelTable; // Initialize global strings LoadString(hInstance, IDS_APP_TITLE, szTitle, MAX_LOADSTRING); LoadString(hInstance, IDC_MY, szWindowClass, MAX_LOADSTRING); MyRegisterClass(hInstance); // Perform application initialization: if (!InitInstance (hInstance, nCmdShow)) { return FALSE; } hAccelTable = LoadAccelerators(hInstance, (LPCTSTR)IDC_MY); // Main message loop: while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) { if (!TranslateAccelerator(msg.hwnd, hAccelTable, &msg)) { TranslateMessage(&msg); DispatchMessage(&msg); } } return msg.wParam; } // // FUNCTION: MyRegisterClass() // // PURPOSE: Registers the window class. // // COMMENTS: // // This function and its usage is only necessary if you want this code // to be compatible with Win32 systems prior to the 'RegisterClassEx' // function that was added to Windows 95. It is important to call this function // so that the application will get 'well formed' small icons associated // with it. // ATOM MyRegisterClass(HINSTANCE hInstance) { WNDCLASSEX wcex; wcex.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX); wcex.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW; wcex.lpfnWndProc = (WNDPROC)WndProc; wcex.cbClsExtra = 0; wcex.cbWndExtra = 0; wcex.hInstance = hInstance; wcex.hIcon = LoadIcon(hInstance, (LPCTSTR)IDI_MY); wcex.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW); wcex.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1); wcex.lpszMenuName = (LPCSTR)IDC_MY; wcex.lpszClassName = szWindowClass; wcex.hIconSm = LoadIcon(wcex.hInstance, (LPCTSTR)IDI_SMALL); return RegisterClassEx(&wcex); } // // FUNCTION: InitInstance(HANDLE, int) // // PURPOSE: Saves instance handle and creates main window // // COMMENTS: // // In this function, we save the instance handle in a global variable and // create and display the main program window. // bool InitInstance(HINSTANCE hInstance, int nCmdShow) { HWND hWnd; hInst = hInstance; // Store instance handle in our global variable hWnd = CreateWindow(szWindowClass, szTitle, WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL); if (!hWnd) { return FALSE; } ShowWindow(hWnd, nCmdShow); UpdateWindow(hWnd); return TRUE; } // // FUNCTION: WndProc(HWND, unsigned, WORD, LONG) // // PURPOSE: Processes messages for the main window. // // WM_COMMAND - process the application menu // WM_PAINT - Paint the main window // WM_DESTROY - post a quit message and return // // LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { int wmId, wmEvent; PAINTSTRUCT ps; HDC hdc; TCHAR szHello[MAX_LOADSTRING]; LoadString(hInst, IDS_HELLO, szHello, MAX_LOADSTRING); switch (message) { case WM_COMMAND: wmId = LOWORD(wParam); wmEvent = HIWORD(wParam); // Parse the menu selections: switch (wmId) { case IDM_ABOUT: DialogBox(hInst, (LPCTSTR)IDD_ABOUTBOX, hWnd, (DLGPROC)About); break; case IDM_EXIT: DestroyWindow(hWnd); break; default: return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam); } break; case WM_PAINT: hdc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps); // TODO: Add any drawing code here... RECT rt; GetClientRect(hWnd, &rt); DrawText(hdc, szHello, strlen(szHello), &rt, DT_CENTER); EndPaint(hWnd, &ps); break; case WM_DESTROY: PostQuitMessage(0); break; default: return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam); } return 0; } // Mesage handler for about box. LRESULT CALLBACK About(HWND hDlg, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { switch (message) { case WM_INITDIALOG: return TRUE; case WM_COMMAND: if (LOWORD(wParam) == IDOK || LOWORD(wParam) == IDCANCEL) { EndDialog(hDlg, LOWORD(wParam)); return TRUE; } break; } return FALSE; }
标签： 学生 计算器
上传时间： 2016-12-29
上传用户：767483511
#include <iostream> #include <stdio.head> #include <stdlib.head> #include <string.head> #define ElemType int #define max 100 using namespace std; typedef struct node1 { ElemType data; struct node1 *next; }Node1,*LinkList;//链栈 typedef struct { ElemType *base; int top; }SqStack;//顺序栈 typedef struct node2 { ElemType data; struct node2 *next; }Node2,*LinkQueue; typedef struct node22 { LinkQueue front; LinkQueue rear; }*LinkList;//链队列 typedef struct { ElemType *base; int front,rear; }SqQueue;//顺序队列 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 //1．采用链式存储实现栈的初始化、入栈、出栈操作。 LinkList CreateStack()//创建栈 { LinkList top; top=NULL; return top; } bool StackEmpty(LinkList s)//判断栈是否为空，0代表空 { if(s==NULL) return 0; else return 1; } LinkList Pushead(LinkList s,int x)//入栈 { LinkList q,top=s; q=(LinkList)malloc(sizeof(Node1)); q->data=x; q->next=top; top=q; return top; } LinkList Pop(LinkList s,int &e)//出栈 { if(!StackEmpty(s)) { printf("栈为空。"); } else { e=s->data; LinkList p=s; s=s->next; free(p); } return s; } void DisplayStack(LinkList s)//遍历输出栈中元素 { if(!StackEmpty(s)) printf("栈为空。"); else { wheadile(s!=NULL) { cout<<s->data<<" "; s=s->next; } cout<<endl; } } 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 //2．采用顺序存储实现栈的初始化、入栈、出栈操作。 int StackEmpty(int t)//判断栈S是否为空 { SqStack.top=t; if (SqStack.top==0) return 0; else return 1; } int InitStack() { SqStack.top=0; return SqStack.top; } int pushead(int t,int e) { SqStack.top=t; SqStack.base[++SqStack.top]=e; return SqStack.top; } int pop(int t,int *e)//出栈 { SqStack.top=t; if(!StackEmpty(SqStack.top)) { printf("栈为空."); return SqStack.top; } *e=SqStack.base[s.top]; SqStack.top--; return SqStack.top; } 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 //3．采用链式存储实现队列的初始化、入队、出队操作。 LinkList InitQueue()//创建 { LinkList head; head->rear=(LinkQueue)malloc(sizeof(Node)); head->front=head->rear; head->front->next=NULL; return head; } void deleteEle(LinkList head,int &e)//出队 { LinkQueue p; p=head->front->next; e=p->data; head->front->next=p->next; if(head->rear==p) head->rear=head->front; free(p); } void EnQueue(LinkList head,int e)//入队 { LinkQueue p=(LinkQueue)malloc(sizeof(Node)); p->data=e; p->next=NULL; head->rear->next=p; head->rear=p; } 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 //4．采用顺序存储实现循环队列的初始化、入队、出队操作。 bool InitQueue(SqQueue &head)//创建队列 { head.data=(int *)malloc(sizeof(int)); head.front=head.rear=0; return 1; } bool EnQueue(SqQueue &head,int e)//入队 { if((head.rear+1)%MAXQSIZE==head.front) { printf("队列已满\n"); return 0; } head.data[head.rear]=e; head.rear=(head.rear+1)%MAXQSIZE; return 1; } int QueueLengthead(SqQueue &head)//返回队列长度 { return (head.rear-head.front+MAXQSIZE)%MAXQSIZE; } bool deleteEle(SqQueue &head,int &e)//出队 { if(head.front==head.rear) { cout<<"队列为空！"<<endl; return 0; } e=head.data[head.front]; head.front=(head.front+1)%MAXQSIZE; return 1; } int gethead(SqQueue head)//得到队列头元素 { return head.data[head.front]; } int QueueEmpty(SqQueue head)//判断队列是否为空 { if (head.front==head.rear) return 1; else return 0; } void travelQueue(SqQueue head)//遍历输出 { wheadile(head.front!=head.rear) { printf("%d ",head.data[head.front]); head.front=(head.front+1)%MAXQSIZE; } cout<<endl; } 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 //5．在主函数中设计一个简单的菜单，分别测试上述算法。 int main() { LinkList top=CreateStack(); int x; wheadile(scanf("%d",&x)!=-1) { top=Pushead(top,x); } int e; wheadile(StackEmpty(top)) { top=Pop(top,e); printf("%d ",e); }//以上是链栈的测试 int top=InitStack(); int x; wheadile(cin>>x) top=pushead(top,x); int e; wheadile(StackEmpty(top)) { top=pop(top,&e); printf("%d ",e); }//以上是顺序栈的测试 LinkList Q; Q=InitQueue(); int x; wheadile(scanf("%d",&x)!=-1) { EnQueue(Q,x); } int e; wheadile(Q) { deleteEle(Q,e); printf("%d ",e); }//以上是链队列的测试 SqQueue Q1; InitQueue(Q1); int x; wheadile(scanf("%d",&x)!=-1) { EnQueue(Q1,x); } int e; wheadile(QueueEmpty(Q1)) { deleteEle(Q1,e); printf("%d ",e); } return 0; }
上传时间： 2018-05-09
上传用户：123456..
