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Read-and-Write

  • This paper will discuss the design of an asynchronous FIFO,Asynchronous FIFOs are widely used in the

    This paper will discuss the design of an asynchronous FIFO,Asynchronous FIFOs are widely used in the computer networking industry to receive data at a particular frequency and transmit them at another frequency. An asynchronous FIFO has two different clocks: one for read and one for write.

    标签: Asynchronous asynchronous the discuss

    上传时间: 2013-12-09

    上传用户:Thuan

  • A user-space device driver can do many of the things that kernel drivers can t, such as perform a lo

    A user-space device driver can do many of the things that kernel drivers can t, such as perform a long-running computation, block while waiting for an event, or read files from the file system. Unlike kernel drivers, a user-space device driver can use other device drivers--that is, access the network, talk to a serial port, get interactive input from the user, pop up GUI windows, or read from disks. User-space drivers implemented using FUSD can be much easier to debug it is impossible for them to crash the machine, are easily traceable using tools such as gdb, and can be killed and restarted without rebooting even if they become corrupted. FUSD drivers don t have to be in C--Perl, Python, or any other language that knows how to read from and write to a file descriptor can work with FUSD. User-space drivers can be swapped out, whereas kernel drivers lock physical memory.

    标签: user-space can drivers perform

    上传时间: 2014-01-01

    上传用户:saharawalker

  • Implementation for the Huffman Cod in Visual C++. Both, the encoder and the decoder take as input

    Implementation for the Huffman Cod in Visual C++. Both, the encoder and the decoder take as input a file and write the output into another file.

    标签: the Implementation Huffman encoder

    上传时间: 2013-12-30

    上传用户:ghostparker

  • 驱动程序与应用程序的接口

    有两种方式可以让设备和应用程序之间联系:1. 通过为设备创建的一个符号链;2. 通过输出到一个接口WDM驱动程序建议使用输出到一个接口而不推荐使用创建符号链的方法。这个接口保证PDO的安全,也保证安全地创建一个惟一的、独立于语言的访问设备的方法。一个应用程序使用Win32APIs来调用设备。在某个Win32 APIs和设备对象的分发函数之间存在一个映射关系。获得对设备对象访问的第一步就是打开一个设备对象的句柄。 用符号链打开一个设备的句柄为了打开一个设备,应用程序需要使用CreateFile。如果该设备有一个符号链出口,应用程序可以用下面这个例子的形式打开句柄:hDevice = CreateFile("\\\\.\\OMNIPORT3",  GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE,FILE_SHARE_READ,  NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL ,NULL);文件路径名的前缀“\\.\”告诉系统本调用希望打开一个设备。这个设备必须有一个符号链,以便应用程序能够打开它。有关细节查看有关Kdevice和CreateLink的内容。在上述调用中第一个参数中前缀后的部分就是这个符号链的名字。注意:CreatFile中的第一个参数不是Windows 98/2000中驱动程序(.sys文件)的路径。是到设备对象的符号链。如果使用DriverWizard产生驱动程序,它通常使用类KunitizedName来构成设备的符号链。这意味着符号链名有一个附加的数字,通常是0。例如:如果链接名称的主干是L“TestDevice”那么在CreateFile中的串就该是“\\\\.\\TestDevice0”。如果应用程序需要被覆盖的I/O,第六个参数(Flags)必须或上FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED。 使用一个输出接口打开句柄用这种方式打开一个句柄会稍微麻烦一些。DriverWorks库提供两个助手类来使获得对该接口的访问容易一些,这两个类是CDeviceInterface, 和 CdeviceInterfaceClass。CdeviceInterfaceClass类封装了一个设备信息集,该信息集包含了特殊类中的所有设备接口信息。应用程序能有用CdeviceInterfaceClass类的一个实例来获得一个或更多的CdeviceInterface类的实例。CdeviceInterface类是一个单一设备接口的抽象。它的成员函数DevicePath()返回一个路径名的指针,该指针可以在CreateFile中使用来打开设备。下面用一个小例子来显示这些类最基本的使用方法:extern GUID TestGuid;HANDLE OpenByInterface(  GUID* pClassGuid,  DWORD instance,  PDWORD pError){  CDeviceInterfaceClass DevClass(pClassGuid, pError);  if (*pError != ERROR_SUCCESS)    return INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;  CDeviceInterface DevInterface(&DevClass, instance, pError);  if (*pError != ERROR_SUCCESS)    return INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;  cout << "The device path is "    << DevInterface.DevicePath()    << endl;   HANDLE hDev;  hDev = CreateFile(   DevInterface.DevicePath(),    GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE,    FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE,    NULL,    OPEN_EXISTING,    FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL,    NULL  );  if (hDev == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)    *pError = GetLastError();  return hDev;} 在设备中执行I/O操作一旦应用程序获得一个有效的设备句柄,它就能使用Win32 APIs来产生到设备对象的IRPs。下面的表显示了这种对应关系。Win32 API  DRIVER_FUNCTION_xxxIRP_MJ_xxx  KDevice subclass member function CreateFile  CREATE  Create ReadFile  READ  Read WriteFile  WRITE  Write DeviceIoControl  DEVICE_CONTROL  DeviceControl CloseHandle  CLOSECLEANUP  CloseCleanUp 需要解释一下设备类成员的Close和CleanUp:CreateFile使内核为设备创建一个新的文件对象。这使得多个句柄可以映射同一个文件对象。当这个文件对象的最后一个用户级句柄被撤销后,I/O管理器调用CleanUp。当没有任何用户级和核心级的对文件对象的访问的时候,I/O管理器调用Close。如果被打开的设备不支持指定的功能,则调用相应的Win32将引起错误(无效功能)。以前为Windows95编写的VxD的应用程序代码中可能会在打开设备的时候使用FILE_FLAG_DELETE_ON_CLOSE属性。在Windows NT/2000中,建议不要使用这个属性,因为它将导致没有特权的用户企图打开这个设备,这是不可能成功的。I/O管理器将ReadFile和WriteFile的buff参数转换成IRP域的方法依赖于设备对象的属性。当设备设置DO_DIRECT_IO标志,I/O管理器将buff锁住在存储器中,并且创建了一个存储在IRP中的MDL域。一个设备可以通过调用Kirp::Mdl来存取MDL。当设备设置DO_BUFFERED_IO标志,设备对象分别通过KIrp::BufferedReadDest或 KIrp::BufferedWriteSource为读或写操作获得buff地址。当设备不设置DO_BUFFERED_IO标志也不设置DO_DIRECT_IO,内核设置IRP 的UserBuffer域来对应ReadFile或WriteFile中的buff参数。然而,存储区并没有被锁住而且地址只对调用进程有效。驱动程序可以使用KIrp::UserBuffer来存取IRP域。对于DeviceIoControl调用,buffer参数的转换依赖于特殊的I/O控制代码,它不在设备对象的特性中。宏CTL_CODE(在winioctl.h中定义)用来构造控制代码。这个宏的其中一个参数指明缓冲方法是METHOD_BUFFERED, METHOD_IN_DIRECT, METHOD_OUT_DIRECT, 或METHOD_NEITHER。下面的表显示了这些方法和与之对应的能获得输入缓冲与输出缓冲的KIrp中的成员函数:Method  Input Buffer Parameter  Output Buffer Parameter METHOD_BUFFERED  KIrp::IoctlBuffer KIrp::IoctlBuffer METHOD_IN_DIRECT  KIrp::IoctlBuffer KIrp::Mdl METHOD_OUT_DIRECT  KIrp::IoctlBuffer KIrp::Mdl METHOD_NEITHER  KIrp::IoctlType3InputBuffer KIrp::UserBuffer 如果控制代码指明METHOD_BUFFERED,系统分配一个单一的缓冲来作为输入与输出。驱动程序必须在向输出缓冲放数据之前拷贝输入数据。驱动程序通过调用KIrp::IoctlBuffer获得缓冲地址。在完成时,I/O管理器从系统缓冲拷贝数据到提供给Ring 3级调用者使用的缓冲中。驱动程序必须在结束前存储拷贝到IRP的Information成员中的数据个数。如果控制代码不指明METHOD_IN_DIRECT或METHOD_OUT_DIRECT,则DeviceIoControl的参数呈现不同的含义。参数InputBuffer被拷贝到一个系统缓冲,这个缓冲驱动程序可以通过调用KIrp::IoctlBuffer。参数OutputBuffer被映射到KMemory对象,驱动程序对这个对象的访问通过调用KIrp::Mdl来实现。对于METHOD_OUT_DIRECT,调用者必须有对缓冲的写访问权限。注意,对METHOD_NEITHER,内核只提供虚拟地址;它不会做映射来配置缓冲。虚拟地址只对调用进程有效。这里是一个用METHOD_BUFFERED的例子:首先,使用宏CTL_CODE来定义一个IOCTL代码:#define IOCTL_MYDEV_GET_FIRMWARE_REV \CTL_CODE (FILE_DEVICE_UNKNOWN,0,METHOD_BUFFERED,FILE_ANY_ACCESS)现在使用一个DeviceIoControl调用:BOOLEAN b;CHAR FirmwareRev[60];ULONG FirmwareRevSize;b = DeviceIoControl(hDevice, IOCTL_MYDEV_GET_VERSION_STRING,  NULL, // no input  注意,这里放的是包含有执行操作命令的字符串指针  0, FirmwareRev,      //这里是output串指针,存放从驱动程序中返回的字符串。sizeof(FirmwareRev),& FirmwareRevSize,  NULL // not overlapped I/O );如果输出缓冲足够大,设备拷贝串到里面并将拷贝的资结束设置到FirmwareRevSize中。在驱动程序中,代码看起来如下所示:const char* FIRMWARE_REV = "FW 16.33 v5";NTSTATUS MyDevice::DeviceControl( KIrp I ){  ULONG fwLength=0;  switch ( I.IoctlCode() )  {    case IOCTL_MYDEV_GET_FIRMWARE_REV:      fwLength = strlen(FIRMWARE_REV)+1;      if (I.IoctlOutputBufferSize() >= fwLength)      {        strcpy((PCHAR)I.IoctlBuffer(),FIRMWARE_REV);        I.Information() = fwLength;         return I.Complete(STATUS_SUCCESS);      }      else      {              }    case . . .   } }

    标签: 驱动程序 应用程序 接口

    上传时间: 2013-10-17

    上传用户:gai928943

  • a Java program that reads a file containing instructions written in self-defined file (TPL in this c

    a Java program that reads a file containing instructions written in self-defined file (TPL in this case), and executes those instructions. This program should take the name of the TPL file as a command line parameter, and write its output to the console.

    标签: file instructions self-defined containing

    上传时间: 2015-01-11

    上传用户:曹云鹏

  • This build is for developing a "binary-to-BCD" converter for use in // displaying numerals in base-

    This build is for developing a "binary-to-BCD" converter for use in // displaying numerals in base-10 so that people can read and interpret the // numbers more readily than they could if the numbers were displayed in // binary or hexadecimal format. Also, a "BCD-to-binary" converter is // tested in this build.

    标签: binary-to-BCD developing displaying for

    上传时间: 2015-07-07

    上传用户:lmeeworm

  • (1) 给定一段符合Pascal子集语法的语言

    (1) 给定一段符合Pascal子集语法的语言,能成功转换成C语言; (2) 一个简单的说明文档; (3) 2007.7.14之前上传到ftp:// C07:C07@10.11.3.71/upload,用学号建立自己的目录; (4) (可额外加分5分)若有出错处理功能,请在说明文档中写明可以处理哪几项错误。 注意事项: (1) 两人一组 (2) 可以使用词法、语法自动生成工具,windows下有Flex,Bison,Linux下有Lex,Yacc,Java的有Jlex,JavaCC,ANTLR等 (3) 不用考虑Pascal和C的关键词不同问题,即Pascal子集语言中假设不出现int,for等作为变量标志符 (4) read()和write()可用由scanf(),printf()等组成的语句转换。 (5) 如果有疑问可以发信给我 xpqiu@fudan.edu.cn.

    标签: Pascal 语言

    上传时间: 2015-11-20

    上传用户:talenthn

  • This driver is based on the 2.6.3 version of drivers/usb/usb-skeleton.c but has been rewritten to

    This driver is based on the 2.6.3 version of drivers/usb/usb-skeleton.c but has been rewritten to be easy to read and use, as no locks are now needed anymore.

    标签: usb-skeleton rewritten drivers version

    上传时间: 2015-11-20

    上传用户:talenthn

  • BY USING THIS SOFTWARE, YOU ARE AGREEING TO BE BOUND BY THE TERMS OF * THIS AGREEMENT. DO NOT USE

    BY USING THIS SOFTWARE, YOU ARE AGREEING TO BE BOUND BY THE TERMS OF * THIS AGREEMENT. DO NOT USE THE SOFTWARE UNTIL YOU HAVE CAREFULLY * READ AND AGREED TO THE FOLLOWING TERMS AND CONDITIONS.

    标签: THIS AGREEMENT AGREEING SOFTWARE

    上传时间: 2014-01-20

    上传用户:cx111111

  • Summary Many control applications require converting some analog input to a digital format. The ADC

    Summary Many control applications require converting some analog input to a digital format. The ADCINC12 User Module is a general-purpose, 12-bit analog to digital converter (ADC) that does just that. This Application Note is meant to be a simple introduction into its operation. The steps required to define, place, and write software are presented. Examples are developed in both assembly and C.

    标签: applications converting Summary control

    上传时间: 2013-12-01

    上传用户:WMC_geophy