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  • 嵌入式LINUX 电子教程全集

    嵌入式LINUX  电子教程全集 嵌入式系统出现于60年代晚期,它最初被用于控制机电电话交换机,如今已被广泛的应用于工业制造、过程控制、通讯、仪器、仪表、汽车、船舶、航空、航天、军事装备、消费类产品等众多领域。计算机系统核心CPU,每年在全球范围内的产量大概在二十亿颗左右,其中超过80%应用于各类专用性很强的嵌入式系统。一般的说,凡是带有微处理器的专用软硬件系统都可以称为嵌入式系统。   1. 嵌入式Linux系统就是利用Linux其自身的许多特点,把它应用到嵌入式系统里。   Linux做嵌入式的优势,首先,Linux是开放源代码的,不存在黑箱技术,遍布全球的众多Linux爱好者又是Linux开发者的强大技术支持;其次,Linux的内核小、效率高,内核的更新速度很快,linux是可以定制的,其系统内核最小只有约134KB。第三,Linux是免费的OS,在价格上极具竞争力。 Linux还有着嵌入式操作系统所需要的很多特色,突出的就是Linux适应于多种CPU和多种硬件平台,是一个跨平台的系统。到目前为止,它可以支持二三十种CPU。而且性能稳定,裁剪性很好,开发和使用都很容易。很多CPU包括家电业芯片,都开始做Linux的平台移植工作。移植的速度远远超过Java的开发环境。也就是说,如果今天用Linux环境开发产品,那么将来换CPU就不会遇到困扰。同时,Linux内核的结构在网络方面是非常完整的,Linux对网络中最常用的TCP/IP协议有最完备的支持。提供了包括十兆、百兆、千兆的以太网络,以及无线网络,Toker ring(令牌环网)、光纤甚至卫星的支持。所以Linux很适于做信息家电的开发。   还有使用Linux为的是来开发无线连接产品的开发者越来越多。Linux在快速增长的无线连接应用主场中有一个非常重要的优势,就是有足够快的开发速度。这是因为LInux有很多工具,并且Linux为众多程序员所熟悉。因此,我们要在嵌入式系统中使用Linux操作系统。   Linux的大小适合嵌入式操作系统——Linux固有的模块性,适应性和可配置性,使得这很容易做到。另外,Linux源码的实用性和成千上万的程序员热切其望它用于无数的嵌入式应用软件中,导致很多嵌入式Linux的出现,包括:Embedix,ETLinux,LEM,Linux Router Project,LOAF,uCLinux,muLinux,ThinLinux,FirePlug,Linux和PizzaBox Linux   相对,Linux的图形界面还相对较弱,但近年Linux的图形界面发展也很快,这也就不是问题。   2. 什么是嵌入式Linux   嵌入式linux 是将日益流行的Linux操作系统进行裁剪修改,使之能在嵌入式计算机系统上运行的一种操作系统。嵌入式linux既继承了Interlnet上无限的开放源代码资源,又具有嵌入式操作系统的特性。嵌入式Linux的特点是版权费免费;购买费用媒介成本技术支持全世界的自由软件开发者提供支持网络特性免费,而且性能优异,软件移植容易,代码开放,有许多应用软件支持,应用产品开发周期短,新产品上市迅速,因为有许多公开的代码可以参考和移植,实时性能RT_Linux Hardhat Linux 等嵌入式Linux支持,实时性能稳定性好安全性好。   3. 嵌入式Linux有巨大的市场前景和商业机会,出现了大量的专业公司和产品,如Montavista Lineo Emi等,有行业协会如Embedded Linux Consortum等,得到世界著名计算机公司和OEM板级厂商的支持,例如IBM Motorola Intel等。传统的嵌入式系统厂商也采用了Linux策略,如Lynxworks Windriver QNX等,还有Internet上的大量嵌入式Linux爱好者的支持。嵌入式Linux支持几乎所有的嵌入式CPU和被移植到几乎所有的嵌入式OEM板。   4.嵌入式Linux的应用领域非常广泛,主要的应用领域有信息家电、PDA 、机顶盒、Digital Telephone、Answering Machine、Screen Phone 、数据网络、Ethernet Switches、Router、Bridge、Hub、Remote access servers、ATM、Frame relay 、远程通信、医疗电子、交通运输计算机外设、工业控制、航空航天领域等。   5.如果分别让10位工程师给出嵌入式系统的定义,将得到10个不同的答案。一般来说,大部分的嵌入式系统执行特定的任务。我们假定最简单的嵌入式系统包括输入/输出功能,以及一些控制逻辑,该系统基于它的配置执行某些类型的功能。按照这个标准,可以认为一个包含实现控制逻辑74123计数器以及一个状态是一个嵌入式系统。也许可以补充说,该系统必须可通过存储在固件中的软件进行编程。这个新的嵌入式系统定义包括输入/输出(I/O),以及存储在系统固件中的控制逻辑。一个带有鼠标、键盘、网络连接并运行图形用户界面(GUI,graphical user interface)多任务操作系统的桌面计算机显然满足这些要求,但我们能认为它是一个嵌入式系统吗?   如果桌面计算机不是一个嵌入式系统,那么手持设备呢?它们有I/O功能,可以运行存储在固件中的控制逻辑。有人说,桌面计算机和手持设备都有通用计算机设备,可以运行软件来执行许多不同的任务,与之不同的是,嵌入式系统(例如,洗碗机控制器或飞行导航系统)主要是为特定任务而设计的。这种特定的功能限定使嵌入式设备有功能上的唯一性。如果是这样,为什么一些嵌入式系统设计成具有附加的功能,如存储在非易失性存储器中的程序,并且具有运行可以完成原始设计范围之外的任务的多任务操作系统的能力呢?   在过去,区分嵌入式系统和通用计算机比现在简单的多。例如,可以很容易地区分出一个基于8051的T1分幅卡嵌入式系统和一台Sun UNIX工作站。而现在,从功能方面很难区分一台Sun工作站和一个包含PowerPC以及32MB内存和16MB闪存的机顶盒。这样的机顶盒可以运行带GUI的多任务操作系统,可现场升级,可以同时运行多个程序(如视频控制器、数字录像和Java虚拟机),还可以进行安全的因特网在线交易。很难判断这种机顶盒是否是一个嵌入式系统。显然,硬件性能的提升和价格的下降使通用计算机和嵌入式系统之间的界限变得很模糊,技术的进步使得我们很难定义什么是嵌入式。

    标签: LINUX 嵌入式 电子教程

    上传时间: 2014-12-30

    上传用户:ljt101007

  • 6小时学会labview

    6小时学会labview, labview Six Hour Course – Instructor Notes   This zip file contains material designed to give students a working knowledge of labview in a 6 hour timeframe. The contents are: Instructor Notes.doc – this document. labviewIntroduction-SixHour.ppt – a PowerPoint presentation containing screenshots and notes on the topics covered by the course. Convert C to F (Ex1).vi – Exercise 1 solution VI. Convert C to F (Ex2).vi – Exercise 2 solution subVI. Thermometer-DAQ (Ex2).vi – Exercise 2 solution VI. Temperature Monitor (Ex3).vi – Exercise 3 solution VI. Thermometer (Ex4).vi – Exercise 4 solution subVI. Convert C to F (Ex4).vi – Exercise 4 solution subVI. Temperature Logger (Ex4).vi – Exercise 4 solution VI. Multiplot Graph (Ex5).vi – Exercise 5 solution VI. Square Root (Ex6).vi – Exercise 6 solution VI. State Machine 1 (Ex7).vi – Exercise 7 solution VI.   The slides can be presented in two three hour labs, or six one hour lectures. Depending on the time and resources available in class, you can choose whether to assign the exercises as homework or to be done in class. If you decide to assign the exercises in class, it is best to assign them in order with the presentation. This way the students can create VI’s while the relevant information is still fresh. The notes associated with the exercise slide should be sufficient to guide the students to a solution. The solution files included are one possible solution, but by no means the only solution.

    标签: labview

    上传时间: 2013-10-13

    上传用户:zjwangyichao

  • CF卡技术资料

    The information in this specification is subject to change without notice.Use of this specification for product design requires an executed license agreement from the CompactFlashAssociation.The CompactFlash Association shall not be liable for technical or editorial errors or omissions contained herein; norfor incidental or consequential damages resulting from the furnishing, performance, or use of this material.All parts of the CompactFlash Specification are protected by copyright law and all rights are reserved. Thisdocumentation may not, in whole or in part, be copied, photocopied, reproduced, translated, or reduced to anyelectronic medium or machine readable form without prior consent, in writing, from the CompactFlash Association.The CFA logo is a trademark of the CompactFlash Association.Product names mentioned herein are for identification purposes only and may be trademarks and/or registeredtrademarks of their respective companies.© 1998-99, CompactFlash Association. All rights reserved.

    标签: 技术资料

    上传时间: 2013-10-08

    上传用户:stewart·

  • PCB阻抗匹配计算工具(附教程)

    附件是一款PCB阻抗匹配计算工具,点击CITS25.exe直接打开使用,无需安装。附件还带有PCB连板的一些计算方法,连板的排法和PCB联板的设计验验。 PCB设计的經驗建議:       1.一般連板長寬比率為1:1~2.5:1,同時注意For FuJi Machine:a.最大進板尺寸為:450*350mm,       2.針對有金手指的部分,板邊處需作掏空處理,建議不作為連板的部位.     3.連板方向以同一方向為優先,考量對稱防呆,特殊情況另作處理.     4.連板掏空長度超過板長度的1/2時,需加補強邊.       5.陰陽板的設計需作特殊考量.       6.工藝邊需根據實際需要作設計調整,軌道邊一般不少於6mm,實際中需考量板邊零件的排布,軌道設備正常卡壓距離為不少於3mm,及符合實際要求下的連板經濟性.       7.FIDUCIAL MARK或稱光學定位點,一般設計在對角處,為2個或4個,同時MARK點面需平整,無氧化,脫落現象;定位孔設計在板邊,為對稱設計,一般為4個,直徑為3mm,公差為±0.01inch.       8.V-cut深度需根據連板大小及基板板厚考量,角度建議為不少於45°.       9.連板設計的同時,需基於基板的分板方式考量<人工(治具)還是使用分板設備>.  10.使用針孔(郵票孔)聯接:需請考慮斷裂后的毛刺,及是否影響COB工序的Bonding机上的夾具穩定工作,還應考慮是否有無影響插件過軌道,及是否影響裝配組裝. 

    标签: PCB 阻抗匹配 计算工具 教程

    上传时间: 2014-12-31

    上传用户:sunshine1402

  • PCB阻抗匹配计算工具(附教程)

    附件是一款PCB阻抗匹配计算工具,点击CITS25.exe直接打开使用,无需安装。附件还带有PCB连板的一些计算方法,连板的排法和PCB联板的设计验验。 PCB设计的經驗建議:       1.一般連板長寬比率為1:1~2.5:1,同時注意For FuJi Machine:a.最大進板尺寸為:450*350mm,       2.針對有金手指的部分,板邊處需作掏空處理,建議不作為連板的部位.     3.連板方向以同一方向為優先,考量對稱防呆,特殊情況另作處理.     4.連板掏空長度超過板長度的1/2時,需加補強邊.       5.陰陽板的設計需作特殊考量.       6.工藝邊需根據實際需要作設計調整,軌道邊一般不少於6mm,實際中需考量板邊零件的排布,軌道設備正常卡壓距離為不少於3mm,及符合實際要求下的連板經濟性.       7.FIDUCIAL MARK或稱光學定位點,一般設計在對角處,為2個或4個,同時MARK點面需平整,無氧化,脫落現象;定位孔設計在板邊,為對稱設計,一般為4個,直徑為3mm,公差為±0.01inch.       8.V-cut深度需根據連板大小及基板板厚考量,角度建議為不少於45°.       9.連板設計的同時,需基於基板的分板方式考量<人工(治具)還是使用分板設備>.  10.使用針孔(郵票孔)聯接:需請考慮斷裂后的毛刺,及是否影響COB工序的Bonding机上的夾具穩定工作,還應考慮是否有無影響插件過軌道,及是否影響裝配組裝. 

    标签: PCB 阻抗匹配 计算工具 教程

    上传时间: 2013-10-15

    上传用户:3294322651

  • 采用TÜV认证的FPGA开发功能安全系统

    This white paper discusses how market trends, the need for increased productivity, and new legislation have accelerated the use of safety systems in industrial machinery. This TÜV-qualified FPGA design methodology is changing the paradigms of safety designs and will greatly reduce development effort, system complexity, and time to market. This allows FPGA users to design their own customized safety controllers and provides a significant competitive advantage over traditional microcontroller or ASIC-based designs. Introduction The basic motivation of deploying functional safety systems is to ensure safe operation as well as safe behavior in cases of failure. Examples of functional safety systems include train brakes, proximity sensors for hazardous areas around machines such as fast-moving robots, and distributed control systems in process automation equipment such as those used in petrochemical plants. The International Electrotechnical Commission’s standard, IEC 61508: “Functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety-related systems,” is understood as the standard for designing safety systems for electrical, electronic, and programmable electronic (E/E/PE) equipment. This standard was developed in the mid-1980s and has been revised several times to cover the technical advances in various industries. In addition, derivative standards have been developed for specific markets and applications that prescribe the particular requirements on functional safety systems in these industry applications. Example applications include process automation (IEC 61511), machine automation (IEC 62061), transportation (railway EN 50128), medical (IEC 62304), automotive (ISO 26262), power generation, distribution, and transportation. 图Figure 1. Local Safety System

    标签: FPGA 安全系统

    上传时间: 2013-11-14

    上传用户:zoudejile

  • 使用Nios II软件构建工具

     使用Nios II软件构建工具 This chapter describes the Nios® II Software Build Tools (SBT), a set of utilities and scripts that creates and builds embedded C/C++ application projects, user library projects, and board support packages (BSPs). The Nios II SBT supports a repeatable, scriptable, and archivable process for creating your software product. You can invoke the Nios II SBT through either of the following user interfaces: ■ The Eclipse™ GUI ■ The Nios II Command Shell The purpose of this chapter is to make you familiar with the internal functionality of the Nios II SBT, independent of the user interface employed.

    标签: Nios 软件

    上传时间: 2013-10-12

    上传用户:china97wan

  • Creating Safe State Machines(Mentor)

      Finite state machines are widely used in digital circuit designs. Generally, when designing a state machine using an HDL, the synthesis tools will optimize away all states that cannot be reached and generate a highly optimized circuit. Sometimes, however, the optimization is not acceptable. For example, if the circuit powers up in an invalid state, or the circuit is in an extreme working environment and a glitch sends it into an undesired state, the circuit may never get back to its normal operating condition.

    标签: Creating Machines Mentor State

    上传时间: 2013-11-02

    上传用户:xauthu

  • 基于MASON公式的多功能二阶通用滤波器设计

    基于通用集成运算放大器,利用MASON公式设计了一个多功能二阶通用滤波器,能同时或分别实现低通、高通和带通滤波,也能设计成一个正交振荡器。电路的极点频率和品质因数能够独立、精确地调节。电路使用4个集成运放、2个电容和11个电阻,所有集成运放的反相端虚地。利用计算机仿真电路的通用滤波功能、极点频率和品质因数的独立控制和正交正弦振荡,从而证明该滤波器正确有效。 Abstract:  A new multifunctional second-order filter based on OPs was presented by MASON formula. Functions, such as high-pass, band-pass, low-pass filtering, can be realized respectively and simultaneously, and can become a quadrature oscillator by modifying resistance ratio. Its pole angular frequency and quality factor can be tuned accurately and independently. The circuit presented contains four OPs, two capacitors, and eleven resistances, and inverting input of all OPs is virtual ground. Its general filtering, the independent control of pole frequency and quality factor and quadrature sinusoidal oscillation were simulated by computer, and the result shows that the presented circuit is valid and effective.

    标签: MASON 多功能 二阶 滤波器设计

    上传时间: 2013-10-09

    上传用户:13788529953

  • RemoteWAP is a Remote Administration Tool for any Operating System that can support the Java Virtual

    RemoteWAP is a Remote Administration Tool for any Operating System that can support the Java Virtual Machine. It has been designed for anyone who wishes to have complete control of there OS anywhere by using a WAP enabled Mobile Phone. RemoteWAP is developed using Java and WML for the client mobile phone front-end pages. RemoteWAP has a Java Swing-GUI to allow for easy control. Future releases will have a Command Line Interface for quick use

    标签: Administration RemoteWAP Operating Virtual

    上传时间: 2015-02-01

    上传用户:exxxds