linux 中断和设备驱动 本章介绍L i n u x内核是如何维护它支持的文件系统中的文件的，我们先介绍 V F S ( Vi r t u a lFile System，虚拟文件系统)，再解释一下L i n u x内核的真实文件系统是如何得到支持的。L i n u x的一个最重要特点就是它支持许多不同的文件系统。这使 L i n u x非常灵活，能够与许多其他的操作系统共存。在写这本书的时候， L i n u x共支持1 5种文件系统： e x t、 e x t 2、x i a、 m i n i x、 u m s d o s、 msdos 、v f a t、 p r o c、 s m b、 n c p、 i s o 9 6 6 0、 s y s v、 h p f s、 a ffs 和u f s。无疑随着时间的推移，L i n u x支持的文件系统数还会增加。
上传时间： 2013-11-13
上传用户：zxh122
All inputs of the C16x family have Schmitt-Trigger input characteristics. These Schmitt-Triggers are intended to always provide proper internal low and high levels, even if anundefined voltage level (between TTL-VIL and TTL-VIH) is externally applied to the pin.The hysteresis of these inputs, however, is very small, and can not be properly used in anapplication to suppress signal noise, and to shape slow rising/falling input transitions.Thus, it must be taken care that rising/falling input signals pass the undefined area of theTTL-specification between VIL and VIH with a sufficient rise/fall time, as generally usualand specified for TTL components (e.g. 74LS series: gates 1V/us, clock inputs 20V/us).The effect of the implemented Schmitt-Trigger is that even if the input signal remains inthe undefined area, well defined low/high levels are generated internally. Note that allinput signals are evaluated at specific sample points (depending on the input and theperipheral function connected to it), at that signal transitions are detected if twoconsecutive samples show different levels. Thus, only the current level of an input signalat these sample points is relevant, that means, the necessary rise/fall times of the inputsignal is only dependant on the sample rate, that is the distance in time between twoconsecutive evaluation time points. If an input signal, for instance, is sampled throughsoftware every 10us, it is irrelevant, which input level would be seen between thesamples. Thus, it would be allowable for the signal to take 10us to pass through theundefined area. Due to the sample rate of 10us, it is assured that only one sample canoccur while the signal is within the undefined area, and no incorrect transition will bedetected. For inputs which are connected to a peripheral function, e.g. capture inputs, thesample rate is determined by the clock cycle of the peripheral unit. In the case of theCAPCOM unit this means a sample rate of 400ns @ 20MHz CPU clock. This requiresinput signals to pass through the undefined area within these 400ns in order to avoidmultiple capture events.For input signals, which do not provide the required rise/fall times, external circuitry mustbe used to shape the signal transitions.In the attached diagram, the effect of the sample rate is shown. The numbers 1 to 5 in thediagram represent possible sample points. Waveform a) shows the result if the inputsignal transition time through the undefined TTL-level area is less than the time distancebetween the sample points (sampling at 1, 2, 3, and 4). Waveform b) can be the result ifthe sampling is performed more than once within the undefined area (sampling at 1, 2, 5,3, and 4).Sample points:1. Evaluation of the signal clearly results in a low level2. Either a low or a high level can be sampled here. If low is sampled, no transition willbe detected. If the sample results in a high level, a transition is detected, and anappropriate action (e.g. capture) might take place.3. Evaluation here clearly results in a high level. If the previous sample 2) had alreadydetected a high, there is no change. If the previous sample 2) showed a low, atransition from low to high is detected now.
上传时间： 2013-10-23
上传用户：copu
This document describes part number speciÞc changes to recommended operating conditions and revised electrical speciÞcations,as applicable, from those described in the generalMPC7400 Hardware SpeciÞcations.SpeciÞcations provided in this Part Number SpeciÞcation supersede those in theMPC7400 Hardware SpeciÞcationsdated 9/99(order #: MPC7400EC/D) for these part numbers only; speciÞcations not addressed herein are unchanged. This document isfrequently updated, refer to the website at http://www.mot.com/SPS/PowerPC/ for the latest version.Note that headings and table numbers in this data sheet are not consecutively numbered. They are intended to correspond to theheading or table affected in the general hardware speciÞcation.Part numbers addressed in this document are listed in Table A. For more detailed ordering information see Table B.
上传时间： 2013-11-19
上传用户：qiaoyue
微型计算机课程设计论文—通用微机发声程序的汇编设计 本文讲述了在微型计算机中利用可编程时间间隔定时器的通用发声程序设计，重点讲述了程序的发声原理，节拍的产生，按节拍改变的动画程序原理，并以设计一个简单的乐曲评分程序为引子，分析程序设计的细节。关键字：微机 8253 通用发声程序 动画技术 直接写屏 1. 可编程时间间隔定时器8253在通用个人计算机中，有一个可编程时间间隔定时器8253，它能够根据程序提供的计数值和工作方式,产生各种形状和各种频率的计数/定时脉冲,提供给系统各个部件使用。本设计是利用计算机控制发声的原理,编写演奏乐曲的程序。 在8253/54定时器内部有3个独立工作的计数器:计数器0,计数器1和计数器2,每个计数器都分配有一个断口地址,分别为40H,41H和42H.8253/54内部还有一个公用的控制寄存器,端地址为43H.端口地址输入到8253/54的CS,AL,A0端,分别对3个计数器和控制器寻址. 对8353/54编程时,先要设定控制字,以选择计数器,确定工作方式和计数值的格式.每计数器由三个引脚与外部联系,见教材第320页图9-1.CLK为时钟输入端,GATE为门控信号输入端,OUT为计数/定时信号输入端.每个计数器中包含一个16位计数寄存器,这个计数器时以倒计数的方式计数的,也就是说,从计数初值逐次减1,直到减为0为止. 8253/54的三个计数器是分别编程的,在对任一个计数器编程时,必须首先讲控制字节写入控制寄存器.控制字的作用是告诉8253/54选择哪个计数器工作,要求输出什么样的脉冲波形.另外,对8253/54的初始化工作还包括,向选定的计数器输入一个计数初值,因为这个计数值可以是8为的,也可以是16为的,而8253/5的数据总线是8位的,所以要用两条输出指令来写入初值.下面给出8253/54初始化程序段的一个例子,将计数器2设定为方式3,(关于计数器的工作方式参阅教材第325—330页)计数初值为65536. MOV AL,10110110B ;选择计数器2,按方式3工作,计数值是二进制格式 OUT 43H,AL ; j将控制字送入控制寄存器 MOV AL,0 ;计数初值为0 OUT 42H,AL ;将计数初值的低字节送入计数器2 OUT 42H,AL ;将计数初值的高字节送入计数器2 在IBM PC中8253/54的三个时钟端CLK0,CLK1和CLK2的输入频率都是1.1931817MHZ. PC机上的大多数I/O都是由主板上的8255(或8255A)可编程序外围接口芯片(PPI)管理的.关于8255A的结构和工作原理及应用举例参阅教材第340—373页.教材第364页的”PC/XT机中的扬声器接口电路”一节介绍了扬声器的驱动原理,并给出了通用发声程序.本设计正是基于这个原理,通过编程,控制加到扬声器上的信号的频率,奏出乐曲的.2．发声程序的设计下面是能产生频率为f的通用发声程序:MOV AL, 10110110B ;8253控制字:通道2,先写低字节,后写高字节 ;方式3,二进制计数OUT 43H, AL ;写入控制字MOV DX, 0012H ;被除数高位MOV AX, 35DEH ;被除数低位 DIV ID ;求计数初值n,结果在AX中OUT 42H, AL ;送出低8位MOV AL, AHOUT 42H,AL ;送出高8位IN AL, 61H ;读入8255A端口B的内容MOV AH, AL ;保护B口的原状态OR AL, 03H ;使B口后两位置1,其余位保留OUT 61H,AL ;接通扬声器,使它发声
上传时间： 2013-10-17
上传用户：sunjet
load initial_track s; % y:initial data,s:data with noiseT=0.1; % yp denotes the sample value of position% yv denotes the sample value of velocity% Y=[yp(n);yv(n)];% error deviation caused by the random acceleration % known dataY=zeros(2,200);Y0=[0;1];Y(:,1)=Y0;A=[1 T 0 1]; B=[1/2*(T)^2 T]';H=[1 0]; C0=[0 0 0 1];C=[C0 zeros(2,2*199)];Q=(0.25)^2; R=(0.25)^2;
上传时间： 2014-12-28
上传用户：asaqq
4.asm…… 响铃程序，输入一个数字字符N，响铃N次。（完成）ysk3.asm ……显示一个星型倒三角。m1.asm ………编程将键盘输入的8位无符号二进制数转化为十六进制数和十进制数，并输出结果form.asm ……采用子程序编程按以下三种格式（██，◣，◥）打印九九乘法表：（完成）char.asm ……小写字母a b c d ……x y z的ASCII码分别为61H 62H 63H 64H……78H 79H 7AH, 而大写字母A B C D ….X Y Z的ASCII码分别为41H 42H 43H 44H …58H 59H 5AH， 使用串处理指令编程从键盘输入16个字符（大小写字母及其它字母均有）， 存入以BUF1开始的一片存储区中，并将其传送到以BUF2开始的一片存储区中， 在传送是将其中的小写字母均改为大写字母，并将第一个小写字母在串中的位置 （距串头BUF1的相对位移量）以十六进制形式输出。（完成）
上传时间： 2013-12-22
上传用户：zhyiroy
本程序是对一幅图像进行变灰度、旋转、锐化、在图像上画圆或椭圆、直线等操作的程序。 说明：要实现相应功能的操作，需要在输入框内输入正确的表达式。举例如下： 画直线：x1=20,y1=15,x2=150,y2=100 画圆：x=100,y=100,r=20 画椭圆：x=100,y=100,r=20,a=16,b=9 旋转：x=30(度数)，ax=100,ay=90 锐化：x=80
上传时间： 2013-12-24
上传用户：songrui
USB Manager(usbmgr) 0.4.8 Shuu Yamaguchi <shuu@wondernetworkresources.com> Special Helper: Philipp Thomas When USB devices connect to or disconnect from a USB hub, the usbmgr works as the following according to configuration. a) It loads and unloads files Linux kernel modules. b) It execute file to setup USB devices.
标签： wondernetworkresources Yamaguchi Manager Special
上传时间： 2014-01-27
上传用户：zhaiyanzhong
Description: FASBIR(Filtered Attribute Subspace based Bagging with Injected Randomness) is a variant of Bagging algorithm, whose purpose is to improve accuracy of local learners, such as kNN, through multi-model perturbing ensemble. Reference: Z.-H. Zhou and Y. Yu. Ensembling local learners through multimodal perturbation. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics - Part B: Cybernetics, 2005, vol.35, no.4, pp.725-735.
标签： Description Randomness Attribute Filtered
上传时间： 2015-04-10
上传用户：ynzfm
装备盒问题。 大意是给出一个矩形地板，你有一个底面为矩形的盒子必须放在上面而不超过地板边界。 现在给出地板的长(X)和宽(Y)，以及盒子的长(a)和宽(b)，问是否可能达到要求（即放上去不超过边界）
标签： 矩形
上传时间： 2015-04-28
上传用户：gundamwzc
