Abstract: This article discusses application circuits for Maxim force/sense digital-to-analog converters (DACs). Applications include:selectable fixed-gain DAC, programmable gain DAC, photodiode bias control, amperometric sensor control, digitally programmablecurrent source, Kelvin load sensing, temperature sensing, and high current DAC output. A brief description of the various DAC outputconfigurations is also given.
标签： DAC
上传时间： 2013-11-04
上传用户：youmo81
Digital-to-analog converters (DACs) are prevalent inindustrial control and automated test applications.General-purpose automated test equipment often requiresmany channels of precisely controlled voltagesthat span several voltage ranges. The LTC2704 is ahighly integrated 16-bit, 4-channel DAC for high-endapplications. It has a wide range of features designed toincrease performance and simplify design.
上传时间： 2013-11-22
上传用户：元宵汉堡包
The LM20, LM45, LM50, LM60, LM61, and LM62 are analog output temperature sensors. They have various output voltage slopes (6.25mV/°C to 17mV/°C) and power supply voltage ranges (2.4V to 10V).The LM20 is the smallest, lowest power consumption analog output temperature sensor National Semiconductor has released. The LM70 and LM74 are MICROWIRE/SPI compatible digital temperature sensors. The LM70 has a resolution of 0.125°C while the LM74 has a resolution of 0.625°C. The LM74 is the most accurate of the two with an accuracy better than ±1.25°C. The LM75 is National’s first digital output temperature sensor, released several years ago.
上传时间： 2014-12-23
上传用户：yl8908
Differential Nonlinearity: Ideally, any two adjacent digitalcodes correspond to output analog voltages that are exactlyone LSB apart. Differential non-linearity is a measure of theworst case deviation from the ideal 1 LSB step. For example,a DAC with a 1.5 LSB output change for a 1 LSB digital codechange exhibits 1⁄2 LSB differential non-linearity. Differentialnon-linearity may be expressed in fractional bits or as a percentageof full scale. A differential non-linearity greater than1 LSB will lead to a non-monotonic transfer function in aDAC.Gain Error (Full Scale Error): The difference between theoutput voltage (or current) with full scale input code and theideal voltage (or current) that should exist with a full scale inputcode.Gain Temperature Coefficient (Full Scale TemperatureCoefficient): Change in gain error divided by change in temperature.Usually expressed in parts per million per degreeCelsius (ppm/°C).Integral Nonlinearity (Linearity Error): Worst case deviationfrom the line between the endpoints (zero and full scale).Can be expressed as a percentage of full scale or in fractionof an LSB.LSB (Lease-Significant Bit): In a binary coded system thisis the bit that carries the smallest value or weight. Its value isthe full scale voltage (or current) divided by 2n, where n is theresolution of the converter.Monotonicity: A monotonic function has a slope whose signdoes not change. A monotonic DAC has an output thatchanges in the same direction (or remains constant) for eachincrease in the input code. the converse is true for decreasing codes.
标签： Converters Defini DAC
上传时间： 2013-10-30
上传用户：stvnash
•Founded in Jan. 08, 2001 in Shanghai, China.•Fabless IDH focused on Analog & Mixed Signal Chip design & marketing •Over 100 IC introduced.•Over 200 OEM Customer worldwide•ISO-9000 Certified•Distribution Channel in Taiwan, China & Japan To achieve 100% customer satisfactionby producing the technically advanced product with the best quality, on-time delivery and service. Leverages on proprietary process and world-class engineering team to develop innovative & high quality analog solutions that add value to electronics equipment.
标签： Circuit Analog Design Porta
上传时间： 2013-10-24
上传用户：songnanhua
模拟集成电路的设计与其说是一门技术，还不如说是一门艺术。它比数字集成电路设计需要更严格的分析和更丰富的直觉。严谨坚实的理论无疑是严格分析能力的基石，而设计者的实践经验无疑是诞生丰富直觉的源泉。这也正足初学者对学习模拟集成电路设计感到困惑并难以驾驭的根本原因。.美国加州大学洛杉机分校(UCLA)Razavi教授凭借着他在美国多所著名大学执教多年的丰富教学经验和在世界知名顶级公司(AT&T，Bell Lab，HP)卓著的研究经历为我们提供了这本优秀的教材。本书自2000午出版以来得到了国内外读者的好评和青睐，被许多国际知名大学选为教科书。同时，由于原著者在世界知名顶级公司的丰富研究经历，使本书也非常适合作为CMOS模拟集成电路设计或相关领域的研究人员和工程技术人员的参考书。... 本书介绍模拟CMOS集成电路的分析与设计。从直观和严密的角度阐述了各种模拟电路的基本原理和概念，同时还阐述了在SOC中模拟电路设计遇到的新问题及电路技术的新发展。本书由浅入深，理论与实际结合，提供了大量现代工业中的设计实例。全书共18章。前10章介绍各种基本模块和运放及其频率响应和噪声。第11章至第13章介绍带隙基准、开关电容电路以及电路的非线性和失配的影响，第14、15章介绍振荡器和锁相环。第16章至18章介绍MOS器件的高阶效应及其模型、CMOS制造工艺和混合信号电路的版图与封装。 1 Introduction to Analog Design 2 Basic MOS Device Physics 3 Single-Stage Amplifiers 4 Differential Amplifiers 5 Passive and Active Current Mirrors 6 Frequency Response of Amplifiers 7 Noise 8 Feedback 9 Operational Amplifiers 10 Stability and Frequency Compensation 11 Bandgap References 12 Introduction to Switched-Capacitor Circuits 13 Nonlinearity and Mismatch 14 Oscillators 15 Phase-Locked Loops 16 Short-Channel Effects and Device Models 17 CMOS Processing Technology 18 Layout and Packaging
上传时间： 2014-12-23
上传用户：杜莹12345
为了改变目前电网现场作业管理的变电巡检、变电检修试验、输电线路巡检检修等管理系统各自独立运行，信息不能共享，功能、效率受限，建设和维护成本高的现状，提出了采用B/S+C/S构架模式，将各现场作业管理模块和生产MIS（管理系统）集成为一体的现场作业管理系统的设计方案，做到各子系统和生产MIS软硬资源共享，做到同一数据唯一入口、一处录入多处使用。各子系统设备人员等基础信息来源于生产管理系统，各子系统又是生产管理系统的作业数据、缺陷信息的重要来源。经过研究试用成功和推广应用，目前该系统已在江西电网220 kV及以上变电站全面应用。 Abstract: In order to improve the status that the substation field inspection system， substation equipments maintenance and testing system， power-line inspection and maintenance system are running independent with each other. They can?蒺t share the resource information which accordingly constrains their functions and efficiency， and their construction and maintenance costs are high. This paper introduces a field standardized work management system based on B/S+C/S mode， integrating all field work management systems based on MIS and share the equipments and employee?蒺s data of MIS，the field work data of the sub systems are the source information of MIS， by which the same single data resouce with one-time input can be utilized in multiple places. After the research and testing， this system is triumphantly using in all 220kV and above substations in Jiangxi grid.
上传时间： 2013-11-15
上传用户：han_zh
设计了一种基于PIC16C71单片机的数字水温配制阀。该配制阀采用NTC热敏电阻作温度传感器，与固定电阻组成简单分压电路作为水温测量电路，利用PIC16C71单片机内置的8位A/D转换器把热敏电阻上的模拟电压转换为数字量，PIC16C71单片机控制直流电机驱动混水阀调节冷热水的混合比例实现水温调节。给出了控制电路图，对水温测量电路的参数选择和测温精度作了详细讨论。实验和分析表明，选用阻值较大的NTC热敏电阻和分压电阻可较好地解决热敏电阻因功耗较大造成的热击穿问题。 Abstract: A digital valve for controlling water temperature based on PIC16C71 was presented in this paper.A bleeder circuit which consisted of a NTC thermistor as temperature sensor and a fixed resistance was designed as water temperature measuring circuit.The analog voltage on the thermistor was converted into digital signal by a 8-bit A/D converter embedded in PIC16C71. Based on the digital signal， the MCU PIC16C71 drived the valve by a DC motor to adjust the water temperature through adjusting the proportion of hot water and cold water.The circuit diagram of controller was given，the principle，the component parameters and the accuracy of measuring temperatures were also dissertated in detail. It was found by experiment and analysis that thermal breakdown of thermistor caused by high power could be solved by selecting thermistor and fixed resistance with high impedance value.
上传时间： 2013-11-08
上传用户：Yue Zhong
介绍了用单片机C 语言实现无功补偿中电容组循环投切的基本原理和算法，并举例说明。关键词：循环投切;C51;无功补偿中图分类号： TM76 文献标识码： BAbstract: This paper introduces the aplication of C51 in the controlling of capacitorsuits cycle powered to be on and off in reactive compensation.it illustrate thefondamental principle and algorithm with example.Key words: cycle powered to be on and off; C51; reactive compensation 为提高功率因数，往往采用补偿电容的方法来实现。而电容器的容量是由实时功率因数与标准值进行比较来决定的，实时功率因数小于标准值时，需投入电容组，实时功率因数大于标准值时，则需切除电容组。投切方式的不合理，会对电容器造成损坏，现有的控制器多采用“顺序投切”方式，在这种投切方式下排序在前的电容器组，先投后切；而后面的却后投先切。这不仅使处于前面的电容组经常处于运行状态，积累热量不易散失，影响其使用寿命，而且使后面的投切开关经常动作，同样减少寿命。合理的投切方式应为“循环投切”。这种投切方式使先投入的运行的电容组先退出，后投的后切除，从而使各组电容及投切开关使用机率均等，降低了电容组的平均运行温度，减少了投切开关的动作次数，延长了其使用寿命。
上传时间： 2014-12-27
上传用户：hopy
关于PCB封装的资料收集整理. 大的来说,元件有插装和贴装.零件封装是指实际零件焊接到电路板时所指示的外观和焊点的位置。是纯粹的空间概念.因此不同的元件可共用同一零件封装，同种元件也可有不同的零件封装。像电阻，有传统的针插式，这种元件体积较大，电路板必须钻孔才能安置元件，完成钻孔后，插入元件，再过锡炉或喷锡（也可手焊），成本较高，较新的设计都是采用体积小的表面贴片式元件（SMD）这种元件不必钻孔，用钢膜将半熔状锡膏倒入电路板，再把SMD 元件放上，即可焊接在电路板上了。晶体管是我们常用的的元件之一，在DEVICE。LIB库中，简简单单的只有NPN与PNP之分，但实际上，如果它是NPN的2N3055那它有可能是铁壳子的TO—3，如果它是NPN的2N3054，则有可能是铁壳的TO-66或TO-5，而学用的CS9013，有TO-92A，TO-92B，还有TO-5，TO-46，TO-52等等，千变万化。还有一个就是电阻，在DEVICE 库中，它也是简单地把它们称为RES1 和RES2，不管它是100Ω 还是470KΩ都一样，对电路板而言，它与欧姆数根本不相关，完全是按该电阻的功率数来决定的我们选用的1/4W 和甚至1/2W 的电阻，都可以用AXIAL0.3 元件封装，而功率数大一点的话，可用AXIAL0.4,AXIAL0.5等等。现将常用的元件封装整理如下：电阻类及无极性双端元件：AXIAL0.3-AXIAL1.0无极性电容：RAD0.1-RAD0.4有极性电容：RB.2/.4-RB.5/1.0二极管：DIODE0.4及DIODE0.7石英晶体振荡器：XTAL1晶体管、FET、UJT：TO-xxx(TO-3,TO-5)可变电阻（POT1、POT2）：VR1-VR5这些常用的元件封装，大家最好能把它背下来，这些元件封装，大家可以把它拆分成两部分来记如电阻AXIAL0.3 可拆成AXIAL 和0.3，AXIAL 翻译成中文就是轴状的，0.3 则是该电阻在印刷电路板上的焊盘间的距离也就是300mil（因为在电机领域里，是以英制单位为主的。同样的，对于无极性的电容，RAD0.1-RAD0.4也是一样；对有极性的电容如电解电容，其封装为RB.2/.4，RB.3/.6 等，其中“.2”为焊盘间距，“.4”为电容圆筒的外径。对于晶体管，那就直接看它的外形及功率，大功率的晶体管，就用TO—3，中功率的晶体管，如果是扁平的，就用TO-220，如果是金属壳的，就用TO-66，小功率的晶体管，就用TO-5，TO-46，TO-92A等都可以，反正它的管脚也长，弯一下也可以。对于常用的集成IC电路，有DIPxx，就是双列直插的元件封装，DIP8就是双排，每排有4个引脚，两排间距离是300mil,焊盘间的距离是100mil。SIPxx 就是单排的封装。等等。值得我们注意的是晶体管与可变电阻，它们的包装才是最令人头痛的，同样的包装，其管脚可不一定一样。例如，对于TO-92B之类的包装，通常是1 脚为E（发射极），而2 脚有可能是B 极（基极），也可能是C（集电极）；同样的，3脚有可能是C，也有可能是B，具体是那个，只有拿到了元件才能确定。因此，电路软件不敢硬性定义焊盘名称（管脚名称），同样的，场效应管，MOS 管也可以用跟晶体管一样的封装，它可以通用于三个引脚的元件。Q1-B，在PCB 里，加载这种网络表的时候，就会找不到节点（对不上）。在可变电阻
上传时间： 2013-11-03
上传用户：daguogai
