随着变频调速技术的快速发展，基于变频调速的恒压供水系统越来越多的应用到了小区供水中。与恒速供水系统相比，变频调速恒压供水系统取得了较好的节能效果，但是由于其压力设定值一般是按系统最大能量需求时设定的，并且该设定值一旦设定后不能依据系统的能量需求自动做实时调整，使系统在大部分时间内供给的能量大于需求的能量。因此，该供水方式并没有把变频调速的节能潜力全部发挥出来。本文针对变频调速恒压供水系统这一不足，提出了变频调速实时恒压供水方式，它能依据系统的能量需求实时的调整压力设定值，能更好的发挥变频调速的节能潜力。 本文首先依据泵理论和水动力学对供水系统进行了深入的分析和研究，详细探讨了供水系统的节能原理，从而为后续章节中控制策略的选择奠定了基础。 然后针对供水系统的精确数学模型难以建立的问题，本文采用了专家系统。该专家系统能依据用户能量需求的不同，实时给出泵出口的压力设定值；在此基础上通过模糊-PID控制使供水系统迅速进入稳定状态，同时使系统具有快速性、稳定性和良好的鲁棒性。通过MATLAB仿真工具对整个控制系统进行了仿真，仿真结果表明该控制系统与常规PID控制相比具有更好的控制品质。 最后以ARM7LPC-2129为硬件基础，实现了以上各个部分的功能。另外还采用VB开发了上位机监控界面；开发了基于ARM的CAN接口，为供水系统的网络化提供技术支持；使用ARM7LPC-2129的通用输入输出口，实现了供水系统中电机的组合运行或单机启停控制；泵运行状态和火灾显示等辅助功能的实现。
上传时间： 2013-04-24
上传用户：moshushi0009
All inputs of the C16x family have Schmitt-Trigger input characteristics. These Schmitt-Triggers are intended to always provide proper internal low and high levels, even if anundefined voltage level (between TTL-VIL and TTL-VIH) is externally applied to the pin.The hysteresis of these inputs, however, is very small, and can not be properly used in anapplication to suppress signal noise, and to shape slow rising/falling input transitions.Thus, it must be taken care that rising/falling input signals pass the undefined area of theTTL-specification between VIL and VIH with a sufficient rise/fall time, as generally usualand specified for TTL components (e.g. 74LS series: gates 1V/us, clock inputs 20V/us).The effect of the implemented Schmitt-Trigger is that even if the input signal remains inthe undefined area, well defined low/high levels are generated internally. Note that allinput signals are evaluated at specific sample points (depending on the input and theperipheral function connected to it), at that signal transitions are detected if twoconsecutive samples show different levels. Thus, only the current level of an input signalat these sample points is relevant, that means, the necessary rise/fall times of the inputsignal is only dependant on the sample rate, that is the distance in time between twoconsecutive evaluation time points. If an input signal, for instance, is sampled throughsoftware every 10us, it is irrelevant, which input level would be seen between thesamples. Thus, it would be allowable for the signal to take 10us to pass through theundefined area. Due to the sample rate of 10us, it is assured that only one sample canoccur while the signal is within the undefined area, and no incorrect transition will bedetected. For inputs which are connected to a peripheral function, e.g. capture inputs, thesample rate is determined by the clock cycle of the peripheral unit. In the case of theCAPCOM unit this means a sample rate of 400ns @ 20MHz CPU clock. This requiresinput signals to pass through the undefined area within these 400ns in order to avoidmultiple capture events.For input signals, which do not provide the required rise/fall times, external circuitry mustbe used to shape the signal transitions.In the attached diagram, the effect of the sample rate is shown. The numbers 1 to 5 in thediagram represent possible sample points. Waveform a) shows the result if the inputsignal transition time through the undefined TTL-level area is less than the time distancebetween the sample points (sampling at 1, 2, 3, and 4). Waveform b) can be the result ifthe sampling is performed more than once within the undefined area (sampling at 1, 2, 5,3, and 4).Sample points:1. Evaluation of the signal clearly results in a low level2. Either a low or a high level can be sampled here. If low is sampled, no transition willbe detected. If the sample results in a high level, a transition is detected, and anappropriate action (e.g. capture) might take place.3. Evaluation here clearly results in a high level. If the previous sample 2) had alreadydetected a high, there is no change. If the previous sample 2) showed a low, atransition from low to high is detected now.
上传时间： 2013-10-23
上传用户：copu
数字运算，判断一个数是否接近素数 A Niven number is a number such that the sum of its digits divides itself. For example, 111 is a Niven number because the sum of its digits is 3, which divides 111. We can also specify a number in another base b, and a number in base b is a Niven number if the sum of its digits divides its value. Given b (2 <= b <= 10) and a number in base b, determine whether it is a Niven number or not. Input Each line of input contains the base b, followed by a string of digits representing a positive integer in that base. There are no leading zeroes. The input is terminated by a line consisting of 0 alone. Output For each case, print "yes" on a line if the given number is a Niven number, and "no" otherwise. Sample Input 10 111 2 110 10 123 6 1000 8 2314 0 Sample Output yes yes no yes no
上传时间： 2015-05-21
上传用户：daguda
The XML Toolbox converts MATLAB data types (such as double, char, struct, complex, sparse, logical) of any level of nesting to XML format and vice versa. For example, >> project.name = MyProject >> project.id = 1234 >> project.param.a = 3.1415 >> project.param.b = 42 becomes with str=xml_format(project, off ) "<project> <name>MyProject</name> <id>1234</id> <param> <a>3.1415</a> <b>42</b> </param> </project>" On the other hand, if an XML string XStr is given, this can be converted easily to a MATLAB data type or structure V with the command V=xml_parse(XStr).
标签： converts Toolbox complex logical
上传时间： 2016-02-12
上传用户：a673761058
特点： 精确度0.1%满刻度 可作各式數學演算式功能如:A+B/A-B/AxB/A/B/A&B(Hi or Lo)/|A|/ 16 BIT类比输出功能 输入与输出绝缘耐压2仟伏特/1分钟(input/output/power) 宽范围交直流兩用電源設計 尺寸小,穩定性高
上传时间： 2014-12-23
上传用户：ydd3625
特点(FEATURES) 精确度0.1%满刻度 (Accuracy 0.1%F.S.) 可作各式数学演算式功能如:A+B/A-B/AxB/A/B/A&B(Hi or Lo)/|A| (Math functioA+B/A-B/AxB/A/B/A&B(Hi&Lo)/|A|/etc.....) 16 BIT 类比输出功能(16 bit DAC isolating analog output function) 输入/输出1/输出2绝缘耐压2仟伏特/1分钟(Dielectric strength 2KVac/1min. (input/output1/output2/power)) 宽范围交直流两用电源设计(Wide input range for auxiliary power) 尺寸小,稳定性高(Dimension small and High stability)
上传时间： 2013-11-24
上传用户：541657925
/*--------- 8051内核特殊功能寄存器 -------------*/ sfr ACC = 0xE0; //累加器 sfr B = 0xF0; //B 寄存器 sfr PSW = 0xD0; //程序状态字寄存器 sbit CY = PSW^7; //进位标志位 sbit AC = PSW^6; //辅助进位标志位 sbit F0 = PSW^5; //用户标志位0 sbit RS1 = PSW^4; //工作寄存器组选择控制位 sbit RS0 = PSW^3; //工作寄存器组选择控制位 sbit OV = PSW^2; //溢出标志位 sbit F1 = PSW^1; //用户标志位1 sbit P = PSW^0; //奇偶标志位 sfr SP = 0x81; //堆栈指针寄存器 sfr DPL = 0x82; //数据指针0低字节 sfr DPH = 0x83; //数据指针0高字节 /*------------ 系统管理特殊功能寄存器 -------------*/ sfr PCON = 0x87; //电源控制寄存器 sfr AUXR = 0x8E; //辅助寄存器 sfr AUXR1 = 0xA2; //辅助寄存器1 sfr WAKE_CLKO = 0x8F; //时钟输出和唤醒控制寄存器 sfr CLK_DIV = 0x97; //时钟分频控制寄存器 sfr BUS_SPEED = 0xA1; //总线速度控制寄存器 /*----------- 中断控制特殊功能寄存器 --------------*/ sfr IE = 0xA8; //中断允许寄存器 sbit EA = IE^7; //总中断允许位 sbit ELVD = IE^6; //低电压检测中断控制位 8051
上传时间： 2013-10-30
上传用户：yxgi5
TLC2543是TI公司的12位串行模数转换器，使用开关电容逐次逼近技术完成A/D转换过程。由于是串行输入结构，能够节省51系列单片机I/O资源；且价格适中，分辨率较高，因此在仪器仪表中有较为广泛的应用。 TLC2543的特点 （1）12位分辩率A/D转换器； （2）在工作温度范围内10μs转换时间； （3）11个模拟输入通道； （4）3路内置自测试方式； （5）采样率为66kbps； （6）线性误差±1LSBmax； （7）有转换结束输出EOC； （8）具有单、双极性输出； （9）可编程的MSB或LSB前导； （10）可编程输出数据长度。 TLC2543的引脚排列及说明 TLC2543有两种封装形式：DB、DW或N封装以及FN封装，这两种封装的引脚排列如图1，引脚说明见表1 TLC2543电路图和程序欣赏 #include<reg52.h> #include<intrins.h> #define uchar unsigned char #define uint unsigned int sbit clock=P1^0; sbit d_in=P1^1; sbit d_out=P1^2; sbit _cs=P1^3; uchar a1,b1,c1,d1; float sum,sum1; double sum_final1; double sum_final; uchar duan[]={0x3f,0x06,0x5b,0x4f,0x66,0x6d,0x7d,0x07,0x7f,0x6f}; uchar wei[]={0xf7,0xfb,0xfd,0xfe}; void delay(unsigned char b) //50us { unsigned char a; for(;b>0;b--) for(a=22;a>0;a--); } void display(uchar a,uchar b,uchar c,uchar d) { P0=duan[a]|0x80; P2=wei[0]; delay(5); P2=0xff; P0=duan[b]; P2=wei[1]; delay(5); P2=0xff; P0=duan[c]; P2=wei[2]; delay(5); P2=0xff; P0=duan[d]; P2=wei[3]; delay(5); P2=0xff; } uint read(uchar port) { uchar i,al=0,ah=0; unsigned long ad; clock=0; _cs=0; port<<=4; for(i=0;i<4;i++) { d_in=port&0x80; clock=1; clock=0; port<<=1; } d_in=0; for(i=0;i<8;i++) { clock=1; clock=0; } _cs=1; delay(5); _cs=0; for(i=0;i<4;i++) { clock=1; ah<<=1; if(d_out)ah|=0x01; clock=0; } for(i=0;i<8;i++) { clock=1; al<<=1; if(d_out) al|=0x01; clock=0; } _cs=1; ad=(uint)ah; ad<<=8; ad|=al; return(ad); } void main() { uchar j; sum=0;sum1=0; sum_final=0; sum_final1=0; while(1) { for(j=0;j<128;j++) { sum1+=read(1); display(a1,b1,c1,d1); } sum=sum1/128; sum1=0; sum_final1=(sum/4095)*5; sum_final=sum_final1*1000; a1=(int)sum_final/1000; b1=(int)sum_final%1000/100; c1=(int)sum_final%1000%100/10; d1=(int)sum_final%10; display(a1,b1,c1,d1); } }
上传时间： 2013-11-19
上传用户：shen1230
#include<iom16v.h> #include<macros.h> #define uint unsigned int #define uchar unsigned char uint a,b,c,d=0; void delay(c) { for for(a=0;a<c;a++) for(b=0;b<12;b++); }; uchar tab[]={ 0xc0,0xf9,0xa4,0xb0,0x99,0x92,0x82,0xf8,0x80,0x90,
上传时间： 2013-10-21
上传用户：13788529953
摘要: 串行传输技术具有更高的传输速率和更低的设计成本, 已成为业界首选, 被广泛应用于高速通信领域。提出了一种新的高速串行传输接口的设计方案, 改进了Aurora 协议数据帧格式定义的弊端, 并采用高速串行收发器Rocket I/O, 实现数据率为2.5 Gbps的高速串行传输。关键词: 高速串行传输; Rocket I/O; Aurora 协议 为促使FPGA 芯片与串行传输技术更好地结合以满足市场需求, Xilinx 公司适时推出了内嵌高速串行收发器RocketI/O 的Virtex II Pro 系列FPGA 和可升级的小型链路层协议———Aurora 协议。Rocket I/O支持从622 Mbps 至3.125 Gbps的全双工传输速率, 还具有8 B/10 B 编解码、时钟生成及恢复等功能, 可以理想地适用于芯片之间或背板的高速串行数据传输。Aurora 协议是为专有上层协议或行业标准的上层协议提供透明接口的第一款串行互连协议, 可用于高速线性通路之间的点到点串行数据传输, 同时其可扩展的带宽, 为系统设计人员提供了所需要的灵活性[4]。但该协议帧格式的定义存在弊端,会导致系统资源的浪费。本文提出的设计方案可以改进Aurora 协议的固有缺陷,提高系统性能, 实现数据率为2.5 Gbps 的高速串行传输, 具有良好的可行性和广阔的应用前景。
上传时间： 2013-11-06
上传用户：smallfish
