当执行机构需要的不是控制量的绝对值，而是控制量的增量（例如去驱动 步进电动机）时，需要用PID的“增量算法”。 增量式PID控制算法可以通过（2-4）式推导出。由(2-4)可以得到控制器 的第k-1个采样时刻的输出值为：
上传时间： 2013-10-11
上传用户：waizhang
为提高电容测量精度，针对电容式传感器的工作原理设计了基于PIC16LF874单片机电容测量模块。简单阐述了电容测量电路的应用背景和国内外研究现状，介绍了美国Microchip公司PIC16LF874单片机的特性。电容式传感器输出的动态微弱电容信号通过PS021型电容数字转换器把模拟量数据转换成数字量数据，所测数据由PIC16LF874单片机应用程序进行处理、显示和保存。实验结果表明，固定电容标称值为10~20 pF 的测量值相对误差在1%以内，同时也可知被测电容容值越大，测量值和标称值相对误差越小。 Abstract: To improve the accuracy of capacitance measurement，aimed at the principle of work of mercury capacitance acceleration transducer，the design of micro capacitance measurement circuit is based on the key PIC16LF874 chip. Briefly discusses the application of the capacitance measuring circuit for the background and status of foreign researchers，focusing on the United States PIC16LF874 microcontroller features. Capacitive sensor outputed signal through the dynamics of weak PS021-chip capacitors （capacitancedigital converter） to convert analog data into digital data，the measured data from the PIC16LF874 microcontroller application process， display and preservation. Experimental results show that the fixed capacitor 10pF ~ 20pF nominal value of the measured value of relative error is within 1%，but also it canbe seen the value of the measured capacitance larger，measuring value and the nominal value of relative error smaller.
上传时间： 2013-10-29
上传用户：wojiaohs
以太网和CAN总线应用广泛，但由于其通信协议不同，两种总线器件间无法进行数据通信，因此，设计了基于CP2200与C8051F040的以太网总线与CAN总线接口转换电路，并给出部分相关硬件电路与软件设计分析。在保证数据完整和协议可靠的前提下，通过握手协议和简化的以太网协议，不仅实现了以太网数据与CAN数据的转发，同时还顺利的解决了以太网的高速性与CAN的低速率冲突，以及两者数据包之间的大小不同的矛盾。 Abstract: In the development of actual application， Ethernet and CAN bus are used very extensively. Owing to its various communication protocols， the communicating between two kinds of bus device can’t be carried out. Therefore， in order to solve this problem， the Ethernet-CAN bus interface circuit based on CP2200 and C8051F040 was designed in this paper， and part of the related hardware circuit and software design analysis were given. On the condition of data’s integrity and protocols’reliability， through the handshaking protocols and the simplified the Ethernet protocol， not only the data switching between CAN and Ethernet was realized， but also the differ in velocity and packet size was solved.
上传时间： 2013-10-15
上传用户：Ants
为了实现把软件仿真的数据通过PCI总线DMA传输、处理后转换成高速视频串行数据流（LVDS数据流），设计出了基于PCI9054的数据转换模块。通过介绍PCI总线接口协议芯片PCI9054的性能、特点，分析了windows的WDM驱动程序的特点，在软硬件设计中采用把数据缓存器设置为两组SRAM的结构，两组SRAM交替进行数据存取的方式，有效克服了数据流不连续的现象，解决了形成不间断数据流和两次DMA传输之间的数据间断问题。应用结果表明，该设计可满足数字视频带宽20 MHz以内的LVDS数据流的转换与传输。
上传时间： 2014-12-26
上传用户：jisujeke
首先研究CAN总线和SAE J1939协议，提出一种基于MC9S12HZ256微控制器的总线式汽车数字仪表解决方案。详细介绍SAE J1939协议的报文帧格式及应用层协议中发动机相关参数的定义，以及步进电机及其驱动和车速信号的处理方法。该数字仪表系统硬件平台由微处理器和信号采集和信息处理及显示等模块组成。软件设计部分编程实现了对CAN总线和各传感器数据的读取、处理。该系统能够实时反映车辆工况。 Abstract: In this paper，CAN bus and SAE J1939protocol are researched，and a vehicle digital instrument solution based on MC9S12HZ256MCU is proposed.The message frame format and some engine-related parameters’definition in SAE J1939application layer protocol are introduced in detail.Stepper motor and its driver，the methods of speed signal process-ing are also introduced.The hardware platform of vehicle digital instrument is composed by MCU，signal acquisition mod-ule，and signal processing and displaying module.Data receiving and processing from CAN bus and sensors are accom-plished by programming，and vehicle condition can be reflected in real-time.
上传时间： 2013-10-20
上传用户：huannan88
摘要：本文介绍应用PIC16C57单片机设计的一种可编程、高性能的数码式楼宇对讲系统，详细阐明了有关工作原理和关键技术。本系统充分应用PIC单片机的软硬件资源,具有可编程、电路简单、功能强大等优点,在安居工程、楼宇技防系统等领域具有广泛的应用前景。 关键词：PIC 单片机 楼宇对讲 编码 译码 可编程
上传时间： 2013-11-14
上传用户：hj_18
介绍了一种基于C8051F020单片机的多路压力测量仪。该测量仪选用电阻应变式压力传感器采集压力信号，并经放大电路处理后送入C8051F020单片机，再由C8051F020单片机内部的A/D转换器将采集到的压力信号进行模数转化，然后分别对数据进行存储和显示。该测量仪能测量6路压力信号，并且各测量点都能单独检测和设置。由于采用了C8051F020单片机，简化了硬件电路，增强了抗干扰能力，使得测量仪具有测量精度高，冲击小等特点。 Abstract: A measurement apparatus for multi-channel pressure based on single chip microcomputer is introduced.It can measure 6 channels signal of the pressure，and the pressure measure points can be detection and located individually.The pressure signal sampling is obtained by resistor stress-type pressure sensors，the digital signals of 6 channels are collected through amplifying and adjustment circuit of pressure signals and internal integrated A/D converter of MCU.Finally，and it realizes the function to store and display data separately.C8051F020 was used to made hardware circuit simple，and it also enhanced the anti-interference ability.It features high precision and little impact.
上传时间： 2013-11-16
上传用户：yare
在工作控制和智能化仪表中，通常由微型计算机进行实时控制及实时数据处理。计算机所加工的信息总是数字量，而被控制或测量对象的有关参量往往是连续变化的模拟量，如温度、速度、压力等等，与此对应的电信号是模拟电信号。计算机要处理这种信号，首先必须将模拟量转换成数字量，这一转换过程就是“模/数转换（A/D）”
上传时间： 2013-10-24
上传用户：tzl1975
针对材料试验机等设备中要求测量或控制材料拉伸或压缩的位移，一般采用光电轴角编码器检测位置信号，输出正交编码脉冲信号。若采用其他方法检测位置信号，必然导致电路设计复杂，可靠性降低。因此，提出一种基于LS7266R1的电子式万能材料试验机设计方案。给出了试验机中的控制器工作原理，LS7266R1与单片机的接口硬件设计，以及主程序软件流程图。巧妙地把力量传感器，位移传感器等机械运动状态的压力或拉力以及位置坐标，变成了电压信号和电脉冲数字信号，供A/D测量和LS7266R1计数，从而实现了独立完成材料试验控制或通过PC机串口命令完成材料试验控制。 Abstract: Aiming at the requirement that the displacement of the tension and compression always be tested and controlled in the equipement such as material testing machine. The position signal was tested by photoelectric axial angle coder. Therefore， the paper proposes the design of electronic universal testing machine design based on LS7266R1. If the position signal detected by other methods， will inevitably lead to the circuit design complexity， reliability decreased. The work theory of the controller， the hardware interface design between LS7266R1 and single chip， and the flow chart of main program， are presented in this paper. The signal of the compression or tension power and displacement at working， which tested by power sensor and displacement sensor especially， is changed into electric voltage and electric pulse numerical signals. And these signals can be tested by A/D and counted by LS7266R1. Finally the test of the material properties can be controlled by itself， or controlled by the COM command of PC.
上传时间： 2013-11-02
上传用户：yl1140vista
设计实现了一种基于MSP430系列超低功耗单片机的新型高精度自控式骨矫形器，介绍了系统的总体设计及硬件软件设计。试验表明，该骨矫形器可实现自控内固定、牵张、回缩及加压固定功能，且功耗低、操控简单、控制精度高、安全可靠。
上传时间： 2013-10-16
上传用户：1427796291
