现代的电子设计和芯片制造技术正在飞速发展,电子产品的复杂度、时钟和总线频率等等都呈快速上升趋势,但系统的电压却不断在减小,所有的这一切加上产品投放市场的时间要求给设计师带来了前所未有的巨大压力。要想保证产品的一次性成功就必须能预见设计中可能出现的各种问题,并及时给出合理的解决方案,对于高速的数字电路来说,最令人头大的莫过于如何确保瞬时跳变的数字信号通过较长的一段传输线,还能完整地被接收,并保证良好的电磁兼容性,这就是目前颇受关注的信号完整性(SI)问题。本章就是围绕信号完整性的问题,让大家对高速电路有个基本的认识,并介绍一些相关的基本概念。 第一章 高速数字电路概述.....................................................................................51.1 何为高速电路...............................................................................................51.2 高速带来的问题及设计流程剖析...............................................................61.3 相关的一些基本概念...................................................................................8第二章 传输线理论...............................................................................................122.1 分布式系统和集总电路.............................................................................122.2 传输线的RLCG 模型和电报方程...............................................................132.3 传输线的特征阻抗.....................................................................................142.3.1 特性阻抗的本质.................................................................................142.3.2 特征阻抗相关计算.............................................................................152.3.3 特性阻抗对信号完整性的影响.........................................................172.4 传输线电报方程及推导.............................................................................182.5 趋肤效应和集束效应.................................................................................232.6 信号的反射.................................................................................................252.6.1 反射机理和电报方程.........................................................................252.6.2 反射导致信号的失真问题.................................................................302.6.2.1 过冲和下冲.....................................................................................302.6.2.2 振荡:.............................................................................................312.6.3 反射的抑制和匹配.............................................................................342.6.3.1 串行匹配.........................................................................................352.6.3.1 并行匹配.........................................................................................362.6.3.3 差分线的匹配.................................................................................392.6.3.4 多负载的匹配.................................................................................41第三章 串扰的分析...............................................................................................423.1 串扰的基本概念.........................................................................................423.2 前向串扰和后向串扰.................................................................................433.3 后向串扰的反射.........................................................................................463.4 后向串扰的饱和.........................................................................................463.5 共模和差模电流对串扰的影响.................................................................483.6 连接器的串扰问题.....................................................................................513.7 串扰的具体计算.........................................................................................543.8 避免串扰的措施.........................................................................................57第四章 EMI 抑制....................................................................................................604.1 EMI/EMC 的基本概念..................................................................................604.2 EMI 的产生..................................................................................................614.2.1 电压瞬变.............................................................................................614.2.2 信号的回流.........................................................................................624.2.3 共模和差摸EMI ..................................................................................634.3 EMI 的控制..................................................................................................654.3.1 屏蔽.....................................................................................................654.3.1.1 电场屏蔽.........................................................................................654.3.1.2 磁场屏蔽.........................................................................................674.3.1.3 电磁场屏蔽.....................................................................................674.3.1.4 电磁屏蔽体和屏蔽效率.................................................................684.3.2 滤波.....................................................................................................714.3.2.1 去耦电容.........................................................................................714.3.2.3 磁性元件.........................................................................................734.3.3 接地.....................................................................................................744.4 PCB 设计中的EMI.......................................................................................754.4.1 传输线RLC 参数和EMI ........................................................................764.4.2 叠层设计抑制EMI ..............................................................................774.4.3 电容和接地过孔对回流的作用.........................................................784.4.4 布局和走线规则.................................................................................79第五章 电源完整性理论基础...............................................................................825.1 电源噪声的起因及危害.............................................................................825.2 电源阻抗设计.............................................................................................855.3 同步开关噪声分析.....................................................................................875.3.1 芯片内部开关噪声.............................................................................885.3.2 芯片外部开关噪声.............................................................................895.3.3 等效电感衡量SSN ..............................................................................905.4 旁路电容的特性和应用.............................................................................925.4.1 电容的频率特性.................................................................................935.4.3 电容的介质和封装影响.....................................................................955.4.3 电容并联特性及反谐振.....................................................................955.4.4 如何选择电容.....................................................................................975.4.5 电容的摆放及Layout ........................................................................99第六章 系统时序.................................................................................................1006.1 普通时序系统...........................................................................................1006.1.1 时序参数的确定...............................................................................1016.1.2 时序约束条件...................................................................................1066.2 源同步时序系统.......................................................................................1086.2.1 源同步系统的基本结构...................................................................1096.2.2 源同步时序要求...............................................................................110第七章 IBIS 模型................................................................................................1137.1 IBIS 模型的由来...................................................................................... 1137.2 IBIS 与SPICE 的比较.............................................................................. 1137.3 IBIS 模型的构成...................................................................................... 1157.4 建立IBIS 模型......................................................................................... 1187.4 使用IBIS 模型......................................................................................... 1197.5 IBIS 相关工具及链接..............................................................................120第八章 高速设计理论在实际中的运用.............................................................1228.1 叠层设计方案...........................................................................................1228.2 过孔对信号传输的影响...........................................................................1278.3 一般布局规则...........................................................................................1298.4 接地技术...................................................................................................1308.5 PCB 走线策略............................................................................................134
标签: 信号完整性
上传时间: 2013-11-01
上传用户:xitai
第一部分 信号完整性知识基础.................................................................................5第一章 高速数字电路概述.....................................................................................51.1 何为高速电路...............................................................................................51.2 高速带来的问题及设计流程剖析...............................................................61.3 相关的一些基本概念...................................................................................8第二章 传输线理论...............................................................................................122.1 分布式系统和集总电路.............................................................................122.2 传输线的RLCG 模型和电报方程...............................................................132.3 传输线的特征阻抗.....................................................................................142.3.1 特性阻抗的本质.................................................................................142.3.2 特征阻抗相关计算.............................................................................152.3.3 特性阻抗对信号完整性的影响.........................................................172.4 传输线电报方程及推导.............................................................................182.5 趋肤效应和集束效应.................................................................................232.6 信号的反射.................................................................................................252.6.1 反射机理和电报方程.........................................................................252.6.2 反射导致信号的失真问题.................................................................302.6.2.1 过冲和下冲.....................................................................................302.6.2.2 振荡:.............................................................................................312.6.3 反射的抑制和匹配.............................................................................342.6.3.1 串行匹配.........................................................................................352.6.3.1 并行匹配.........................................................................................362.6.3.3 差分线的匹配.................................................................................392.6.3.4 多负载的匹配.................................................................................41第三章 串扰的分析...............................................................................................423.1 串扰的基本概念.........................................................................................423.2 前向串扰和后向串扰.................................................................................433.3 后向串扰的反射.........................................................................................463.4 后向串扰的饱和.........................................................................................463.5 共模和差模电流对串扰的影响.................................................................483.6 连接器的串扰问题.....................................................................................513.7 串扰的具体计算.........................................................................................543.8 避免串扰的措施.........................................................................................57第四章 EMI 抑制....................................................................................................604.1 EMI/EMC 的基本概念..................................................................................604.2 EMI 的产生..................................................................................................614.2.1 电压瞬变.............................................................................................614.2.2 信号的回流.........................................................................................624.2.3 共模和差摸EMI ..................................................................................634.3 EMI 的控制..................................................................................................654.3.1 屏蔽.....................................................................................................654.3.1.1 电场屏蔽.........................................................................................654.3.1.2 磁场屏蔽.........................................................................................674.3.1.3 电磁场屏蔽.....................................................................................674.3.1.4 电磁屏蔽体和屏蔽效率.................................................................684.3.2 滤波.....................................................................................................714.3.2.1 去耦电容.........................................................................................714.3.2.3 磁性元件.........................................................................................734.3.3 接地.....................................................................................................744.4 PCB 设计中的EMI.......................................................................................754.4.1 传输线RLC 参数和EMI ........................................................................764.4.2 叠层设计抑制EMI ..............................................................................774.4.3 电容和接地过孔对回流的作用.........................................................784.4.4 布局和走线规则.................................................................................79第五章 电源完整性理论基础...............................................................................825.1 电源噪声的起因及危害.............................................................................825.2 电源阻抗设计.............................................................................................855.3 同步开关噪声分析.....................................................................................875.3.1 芯片内部开关噪声.............................................................................885.3.2 芯片外部开关噪声.............................................................................895.3.3 等效电感衡量SSN ..............................................................................905.4 旁路电容的特性和应用.............................................................................925.4.1 电容的频率特性.................................................................................935.4.3 电容的介质和封装影响.....................................................................955.4.3 电容并联特性及反谐振.....................................................................955.4.4 如何选择电容.....................................................................................975.4.5 电容的摆放及Layout ........................................................................99第六章 系统时序.................................................................................................1006.1 普通时序系统...........................................................................................1006.1.1 时序参数的确定...............................................................................1016.1.2 时序约束条件...................................................................................1063.2 高速设计的问题.......................................................................................2093.3 SPECCTRAQuest SI Expert 的组件.......................................................2103.3.1 SPECCTRAQuest Model Integrity .................................................2103.3.2 SPECCTRAQuest Floorplanner/Editor .........................................2153.3.3 Constraint Manager .......................................................................2163.3.4 SigXplorer Expert Topology Development Environment .......2233.3.5 SigNoise 仿真子系统......................................................................2253.3.6 EMControl .........................................................................................2303.3.7 SPECCTRA Expert 自动布线器.......................................................2303.4 高速设计的大致流程...............................................................................2303.4.1 拓扑结构的探索...............................................................................2313.4.2 空间解决方案的探索.......................................................................2313.4.3 使用拓扑模板驱动设计...................................................................2313.4.4 时序驱动布局...................................................................................2323.4.5 以约束条件驱动设计.......................................................................2323.4.6 设计后分析.......................................................................................233第四章 SPECCTRAQUEST SIGNAL EXPLORER 的进阶运用..........................................2344.1 SPECCTRAQuest Signal Explorer 的功能包括:................................2344.2 图形化的拓扑结构探索...........................................................................2344.3 全面的信号完整性(Signal Integrity)分析.......................................2344.4 完全兼容 IBIS 模型...............................................................................2344.5 PCB 设计前和设计的拓扑结构提取.......................................................2354.6 仿真设置顾问...........................................................................................2354.7 改变设计的管理.......................................................................................2354.8 关键技术特点...........................................................................................2364.8.1 拓扑结构探索...................................................................................2364.8.2 SigWave 波形显示器........................................................................2364.8.3 集成化的在线分析(Integration and In-process Analysis) .236第五章 部分特殊的运用...............................................................................2375.1 Script 指令的使用..................................................................................2375.2 差分信号的仿真.......................................................................................2435.3 眼图模式的使用.......................................................................................249第四部分:HYPERLYNX 仿真工具使用指南............................................................251第一章 使用LINESIM 进行前仿真.......................................................................2511.1 用LineSim 进行仿真工作的基本方法...................................................2511.2 处理信号完整性原理图的具体问题.......................................................2591.3 在LineSim 中如何对传输线进行设置...................................................2601.4 在LineSim 中模拟IC 元件.....................................................................2631.5 在LineSim 中进行串扰仿真...................................................................268第二章 使用BOARDSIM 进行后仿真......................................................................2732.1 用BOARDSIM 进行后仿真工作的基本方法...................................................2732.2 BoardSim 的进一步介绍..........................................................................2922.3 BoardSim 中的串扰仿真..........................................................................309
上传时间: 2013-11-07
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组态王软件是一种通用的工业监控软件,它融过程控制设计、现场操作以及工厂资源管理于一体,将一个企业内部的各种生产系统和应用以及信息交流汇集在一起,实现最优化管理。它基于Microsoft Windows XP/NT/2000 操作系统,用户可以在企业网络的所有层次的各个位置上都可以及时获得系统的实时信息。采用组态王软件开发工业监控工程,可以极大地增强用户生产控制能力、提高工厂的生产力和效率、提高产品的质量、减少成本及原材料的消耗。它适用于从单一设备的生产运营管理和故障诊断,到网络结构分布式大型集中监控管理系统的开发。
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文中介绍了基于专家系统的故障诊断方法,并着重研究了几种改进的专家诊断系统,分析了各自技术的特点和局限性,最后结合新技术的发展和应用对故障诊断专家系统的发展趋势进行了展望。
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万用表的选择和应用,内容格式为PDG格式。请大家使用PDG阅读器查看
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上传用户:boyaboy
本教程是美国国家仪器(National Instruments,简称 NI)测量基础系列的一部分。此系列中的每一个教程都会通过解释理论并提供应用实例,来教您某一个常用的测量应用。本教程包含了射频、无线和高频信号与系统的介绍。 要获取教程的完整列表,请访问NI测量基础主页;要获取关于射频的更多教程,请访问NI RF基础子页面。要了解关于NI 射频产品的更多信息,请访问www.ni.com/rf。 一些射频和通信系统中常用的频谱测量项目包括:带内功率,占用带宽,峰值搜索以及邻频功率。通过 NI 矢量信号分析仪并结合使用 NI 频谱测量工具包,您就能够完成所有这些测量功能。下面的内容详细介绍了这些测量功能的理论和应用。
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正文着重给出了软硬件系统的各部分电路,介绍了双积分电路的原理,AT89C51的特点,ICL7135的功能和应用
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针对海洋环境监测工作的实际需要,以高性能单片机C8051F120为核心研制了一种海洋水文气象综合数据采集器。采集器采用成熟的工业级集成电路芯片和元器件、配备X5043看门狗芯片,保证了系统可靠性和稳定性;采用交流电和太阳能电池双供电模式,应用B1203LS有效降低了系统功耗;配备有线/无线通讯接口,实现数据的远程传输。现场应用表明,其运行稳定可靠、维护管理简单,具有较大的实用价值和应用前景。
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随着网络技术和虚拟技术的发展,操作系统对资源的管理也由本地化转向网络化、虚拟化。研究了通过网络和虚拟技术,将网络中其他系统的USB 设备资源通过网络转化的渠道直接映射到本地的USB 总线上,实现操作系统的直接管理和应用。
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1. FlowMIS简介 流程管理信息系统(FlowMIS 4.0)是一套通用的企业管理软件开发平台,它基于Windows NT/2000 Server操作系统和SQL Server 7及以上大型数据库系统,通过二次开发可以快速建立一套完整的基于流程化的管理信息系统。 FlowMIS将账户管理、报文交换、数据复制、流程控制和应用同步等纯软件专业技术在底层集中实现,而将设计界面、定制报表、定义流程、数据查询等与用户相关的工作与底层分开,留在二次开发中为用户定制,因而可以在满足用户需求和保证系统质量的同时,降低软件开发工作量,减少开发周期和成本。
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