📄 maze.c
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#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <windows.h>
#include <GL/gl.h>
#include <GL/glu.h>
#include <math.h>
#define IDM_APPLICATION_EXIT (101)
#define IDM_APPLICATION_TEXTURE (102)
#define IDM_APPLICATION_BANK (103)
#define MAZE_HEIGHT (16)
#define MAZE_WIDTH (16)
#define STARTING_POINT_X (1.5f);
#define STARTING_POINT_Y (1.5f);
#define STARTING_HEADING (90.0f);
HWND hWND;
HDC hDC;
HGLRC hGLRC;
float player_x = STARTING_POINT_X ;
float player_y = STARTING_POINT_Y ;
float player_h = STARTING_HEADING ; // player's heading
float player_s = 0.0f; // forward speed of the player
float player_m = 1.0f; // speed multiplier of the player
float player_t = 0.0f; // player's turning (change in heading)
float player_b = 0.0f; // viewpoint bank (roll)
int walllist=0;
int mazelist=0;
void spinmaze(HDC hDC);
void entermaze(HDC hDC);
void navmaze(HDC hDC);
void (*idlefunc)(HDC hDC)=NULL;
// unfortunately due to the way the polygon walls are generated there
// are restrictions on what the wall/maze data can look like. See below.
char *mazedata[MAZE_HEIGHT] = {
"HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH",
"H H H H",
"H H H H H H H",
"H H HHHHH H H H",
"H H H H H",
"HHHHH HHH HHH H",
"H H H H",
"H HHHHH HHH H HH",
"H H H H H",
"H HHHHHHH H",
"H H H H H H",
"H HHHHH HHHH H H",
"H H H H",
"HH HH HHHH HHH H",
"H H H H H",
"HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH",
};
int wall(int x,int y) {
// true if the region at x,y is solid space that
// should be surrounded by other solid space or polygon walls
return (x>=0 && y>=0 && x<MAZE_WIDTH && y<MAZE_HEIGHT && ' ' != mazedata[y][x]);
}
int onopen(int x,int y){
// returns whether node x,y is on the depth-first search open list
assert(wall(x,y));
return(mazedata[y][x]=='H');
}
void closeit(int x,int y) {
// puts node x,y on the closed list
assert(wall(x,y));
assert(onopen(x,y));
mazedata[y][x]= 'X';
}
int neighbor(int x,int y,int w,int *nx,int *ny){
// if x,y has a neighbor in direction w then returns true
switch(w) {
case 0:
*nx = x-1; *ny=y; break;
case 1:
*nx = x; *ny=y+1; break;
case 2:
*nx = x+1; *ny=y; break;
case 3:
*nx = x; *ny=y-1; break;
default:
assert(0);
}
return wall(*nx,*ny);
}
int diagnal(int x,int y,int w,int *nx,int *ny){
switch(w) {
case 0:
*nx = x-1; *ny=y-1; break;
case 1:
*nx = x-1; *ny=y+1; break;
case 2:
*nx = x+1; *ny=y+1; break;
case 3:
*nx = x+1; *ny=y-1; break;
default:
assert(0);
}
return wall(*nx,*ny);
}
static float texcoordX=0.0f;
int dw(int x,int y,int p) {
// the recursive draw wall routine that extends the quad strip
int w=p; // w is the current wall direction being considered
closeit(x,y);
do{
int x2,y2;
if(neighbor(x,y,w,&x2,&y2)) {
if(onopen(x2,y2)) {
dw(x2,y2,(w+3)%4);
}
else {
assert((w+1)%4 ==p); // or a loop or cluster exists
return 1;
}
}
else {
float fx;
float fy;
if(diagnal(x,y,w,&x2,&y2) && onopen(x2,y2)) {
dw(x2,y2,(w+2)%4);
}
texcoordX=(texcoordX<0.5)?1.0f:0.0f;
fx = (float)x+((w==1||w==2)?1.0f:0.0f);
fy = (float)y+((w==0||w==1)?1.0f:0.0f);
glTexCoord2f(texcoordX,0.0f); // useful iff using textures
glVertex3f(fx,fy,0.0f);
glTexCoord2f(texcoordX,1.0f);
glVertex3f(fx,fy,1.0f);
}
w++;w%=4;
}while (w!=p);
return 1;
}
int drawwalls() {
int dl;
glNewList(dl=glGenLists(1),GL_COMPILE);
glBegin(GL_QUAD_STRIP);
glVertex3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
glVertex3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
dw(0,0,0);
glEnd();
glEndList();
return dl;
}
int drawtop() {
// draws the top and the bottom of the maze
// which is useful for overhead views
// The display list created here is only used for the intro
// spinning bit. No optimizations such as using quad strips
// or combining adjacent polygons are done here.
int x,y,dl;
glNewList(dl=glGenLists(1),GL_COMPILE);
glPushAttrib(GL_TEXTURE_BIT | GL_LIGHTING_BIT);
glBegin(GL_QUADS);
for(y=0;y<MAZE_HEIGHT;y++) {
for(x=0;x<MAZE_WIDTH;x++) {
if(wall(x,y)) {
glVertex3f(x+0.0f ,y+0.0f ,1.0f );
glVertex3f(x+1.0f ,y+0.0f ,1.0f );
glVertex3f(x+1.0f ,y+1.0f ,1.0f );
glVertex3f(x+0.0f ,y+1.0f ,1.0f );
}
}
}
glEnd();
glPopAttrib();
glEndList();
return(dl);
}
void spinmaze(HDC hDC) {
// spin the maze around on 2 axis
static float spin=720.0f;
spin-=5.0f; // change this line to be time dependant!
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
glLoadIdentity();
glPushMatrix();
glTranslatef(0.0f,0.0f,-20.0f);
glRotatef(spin, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
glTranslatef(-MAZE_WIDTH/2.0f,-MAZE_HEIGHT/2.0f,0.0f);
glCallList(walllist);
glCallList(mazelist);
glPopMatrix();
SwapBuffers(hDC);
if(spin <=0.0f) {
spin = 720.0f;
idlefunc = entermaze;
player_x = STARTING_POINT_X ;
player_y = STARTING_POINT_Y ;
player_h = STARTING_HEADING ;
}
}
void entermaze(HDC hDC) {
static float p=0.0f;
p+=0.02f; // hmmm, should be time dependant
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
glLoadIdentity();
glPushMatrix();
glRotatef(-90.0f*p,1.0f,0.0f,0.0f);
glRotatef(player_h*p,0.0f,0.0f,1.0f);
glTranslatef(-(player_x*p + MAZE_WIDTH /2.0f*(1-p)),
-(player_y*p + MAZE_HEIGHT/2.0f*(1-p)),
-(0.5f*p + 20.0f*(1-p)));
glCallList(walllist);
glCallList(mazelist);
glPopMatrix();
SwapBuffers(hDC);
if(p>=1.0f) {
p=0.0f;
idlefunc = navmaze;
}
}
int forward(float px,float py,float bf) {
int x = ((int)player_x);
int y = ((int)player_y);
int h=0; // number of walls hit
if((px> x+1.0f - bf) && wall(x+1,y)) {
px = (float)(x)+1.0f-bf;
h++;
}
if(py> y+1.0f-bf && wall(x,y+1)) {
py = (float)(y)+1.0f-bf;
h++;
}
if(px< x+bf && wall(x-1,y)) {
px = (float)(x)+bf;
h++;
}
if(py< y+bf && wall(x,y-1)) {
py = (float)(y)+bf;
h++;
}
player_x=px;
player_y=py;
return h;
}
// navigate through the maze and render it from the
// players point of view.
// Ideally updates to heading and position should be time dependant
void navmaze(HDC hDC)
{
forward(player_x+player_m*player_s*(float)sin(player_h*3.14/180),
player_y+player_m*player_s*(float)cos(player_h*3.14/180),0.2f);
player_h+=player_t;
player_b = 3*player_b/4 + player_t/4;
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
glLoadIdentity();
glPushMatrix();
glRotatef(-90.0f,1.0f,0.0f,0.0f);
glRotatef(player_h,0.0f,0.0f,1.0f);
glTranslatef(-player_x,-player_y,-0.5f);
glCallList(walllist); // no need to draw the top since we're in the maze now
glPopMatrix();
SwapBuffers(hDC);
if(player_x>MAZE_WIDTH || player_y>MAZE_HEIGHT) {
// start over
idlefunc = spinmaze;
}
}
void readtexture(){
unsigned char *image;
int rc;
// the bitmap must be a 24 bit bmp file thats 128x128
// I think i mixed up red and blue componants - oh well :-)
FILE *fp;
fp = fopen("maze.bmp","rb");
if(!fp) return;
fseek(fp,54,SEEK_SET);
image = (unsigned char *)malloc(128*128*3);
assert(image);
rc=fread(image,sizeof(unsigned char),128*128*3,fp);
assert(rc == 128*128*3);
glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D,0,3,128,128,0,GL_RGB,
GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, image);
// let texture wrap-around
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);
// use point sampleing (fastest)
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
glTexEnvi(GL_TEXTURE_ENV, GL_TEXTURE_ENV_MODE, GL_DECAL);
glEnable (GL_TEXTURE_2D);
fclose(fp);
}
static void SetupDC(HDC hDC)
{
PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR pfd = {
sizeof(PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR), /* size of this pfd */
1, /* version num */
PFD_DRAW_TO_WINDOW | /* window types */
PFD_SUPPORT_OPENGL |
PFD_DOUBLEBUFFER,
PFD_TYPE_RGBA, /* RGBA type */
8, /* 8-bit color depth */
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, /* color bits (ignored) */
0, /* no alpha buffer */
0, /* alpha bits (ignored) */
0, /* no accumulation buffer */
0, 0, 0, 0, /* accum bits (ignored) */
16, /* 16-bit depth buffer */
0, /* no stencil buffer */
0, /* no auxiliary buffers */
PFD_MAIN_PLANE, /* main layer */
0, /* reserved */
0, 0, 0, /* no layer, visible, damage */
/* masks */
};
int SelectedPixelFormat;
BOOL retVal;
/* see if the pixel format exists */
SelectedPixelFormat = ChoosePixelFormat(hDC, &pfd);
if (SelectedPixelFormat == 0) {
MessageBox(WindowFromDC(hDC),
"Failed to find acceptable pixel format.",
"OpenGL application error", MB_ICONERROR|MB_OK);
exit(1);
}
/* use the pixel format */
retVal = SetPixelFormat(hDC, SelectedPixelFormat, &pfd);
if (retVal != TRUE) {
MessageBox(WindowFromDC(hDC), "Failed to set pixel format.",
"OpenGL application error", MB_ICONERROR|MB_OK);
exit(1);
}
}
LRESULT APIENTRY WinProc(HWND hWND, UINT message, WPARAM wParam,
LPARAM lParam)
{
switch (message) {
case WM_CREATE:
hDC = GetDC(hWND);
SetupDC(hDC);
hGLRC = wglCreateContext(hDC);
wglMakeCurrent(hDC, hGLRC);
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
readtexture();
glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE);
glShadeModel(GL_FLAT);
walllist = drawwalls();
mazelist = drawtop();
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();
gluPerspective(60.0, 1.0 , 0.1, 60.0);
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glHint(GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT,GL_NICEST);
glLoadIdentity ();
glClearColor(0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.0f);
idlefunc = spinmaze;
return 0;
case WM_DESTROY:
if (hGLRC) {
wglMakeCurrent(NULL, NULL);
wglDeleteContext(hGLRC);
}
ReleaseDC(hWND, hDC);
PostQuitMessage(0);
return 0;
case WM_SIZE:
glViewport(0, 0, LOWORD(lParam), HIWORD(lParam));
break;
// 方向键按下，向指定方向前进
case WM_KEYDOWN:
switch (LOWORD((int)wParam)) {
case VK_LEFT:
player_t = -5.0f;
break;
case VK_RIGHT:
player_t = 5.0f;
break;
case VK_UP:
player_s = 0.05f;
break;
case VK_DOWN:
player_s = -0.02f;
break;
case VK_SHIFT:
player_m = 3.0f;
break;
}
break;
// 方向键松开，停止前进
case WM_KEYUP:
switch (LOWORD((int)wParam)) {
case VK_LEFT:
player_t = 0.0f;
break;
case VK_RIGHT:
player_t = 0.0f;
break;
case VK_UP:
player_s = 0.0f;
break;
case VK_DOWN:
player_s = 0.0f;
break;
case VK_SHIFT:
player_m = 1.0f;
break;
}
break;
default:
break;
}
return DefWindowProc(hWND, message, wParam, lParam);
}
int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hCurrentInst, HINSTANCE hPreviousInst,
LPSTR lpszCmdLine, int nCmdShow)
{
char *className = "OpenGL";
char *winName = "Maze Example";
WNDCLASS winClass;
MSG msg;
// 定义并登记窗口类
winClass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
winClass.lpfnWndProc = WinProc;
winClass.cbClsExtra = 0;
winClass.cbWndExtra = 0;
winClass.hInstance = hCurrentInst;
winClass.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
winClass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
winClass.hbrBackground = GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);
winClass.lpszMenuName = NULL;
winClass.lpszClassName = className;
RegisterClass(&winClass);
// 创建窗口
hWND = CreateWindow(className,
winName,
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW|WS_CLIPCHILDREN|WS_CLIPSIBLINGS,
0, 0,
300, 300,
NULL, /* Parent window's handle */
NULL, /* Menu handle */
hCurrentInst, /* Instance handle */
NULL); /* No additional data */
ShowWindow(hWND, nCmdShow);
UpdateWindow(hWND);
// 事件处理
while (1) {
// oops, busy wait when no messages or idlefunc - ohwell
if(idlefunc)idlefunc(hDC);
if(PeekMessage(&msg,NULL,0,0,PM_NOREMOVE)){
if (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0) != TRUE) {
return msg.wParam;
}
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessage(&msg);
}
}
}
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