beamplasma4.inp

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beamplasma4
{

High-energy electron bunch enters a quiet plasma in cylindrical geometry --

This input file is derived from beamplasma2.inp, but here we add the
effects of tunneling ionization.

This simulation models a beam-plasma wake-field accelerator:
a)  The background plasma is pre-ionized.  Ions are assumed stationary.
b)  Beam density exceeds electron plasma density, so the beam "blows out"
    plasma electrons near the symmetry axis.
c)  The electron beam is Gaussian in z and (will soon be) Gaussian in r.
d)  Electrons at the head of the beam are decelerated by the resulting
    electromagnetic fields, while electrons near the tail of the beam
    are accelerated by these fields.
e)  The electron beam is overfocussed by these fields and so executes
    betatron oscillations;  however, the focussing force varies axially.

Moving window:
a)  Once the electron beam has entered the grid and is close to the far
    edge of the simulation region, a moving window algorithm is invoked
    so that the beam can be modeled for long times.

Boundary conditions:
a)  The simulation region must be bounded by either conductors or
    insulators, in order to capture lost particles.
b)  Conductors were chosen, to avoid any charge build up.
c)  The choice of conducting boundary conditions means that electric
    fields parallel to the boundaries are forced to zero;  however,
    fields near the boundaries of the simulation must be small anyway
    to accurately model a semi-infinite plasma, so this is OK.
}

// Define variables that can be used throughout this input file.

Variables
{
// First, define some useful constants.
  pi = 3.14159265358979323846
  speedOfLight = 2.99792458e+08
  electronMass = 9.1093897e-31
  unitCharge = electronMass * 1.75881962e11
  electronCharge = -1. * unitCharge
  electronMassEV = electronMass * speedOfLight * speedOfLight / unitCharge
  ionCharge = unitCharge
  unitMassMKS = electronMass / 5.48579903e-04
  lithiumMassNum = 6.942
  lithiumMass = unitMassMKS * lithiumMassNum

// Next, define the parameters of the high-energy electron beam.
	beamEnergyEV = 30.0e+09
  beamGammaMin1 = beamEnergyEV / electronMassEV
  beamGamma = 1 + beamGammaMin1
  beamBetaGamma = sqrt( beamGammaMin1 * (beamGammaMin1+2) )
  beamBeta = beamBetaGamma / beamGamma

  totalNumBeam = 4.0e+10
  totalBeamCharge = totalNumBeam * electronCharge
  rmsBeamRadius = 0.75e-04
  rmsBeamLength = 6.00e-04
  rmsBeamTime = rmsBeamLength / speedOfLight
  radialCutoffFac = 3
  axialCutoffFac = 3
  totalBeamRadius = radialCutoffFac * rmsBeamRadius
  totalBeamLength = 2 * axialCutoffFac * rmsBeamLength
  beamAspectRatio = totalBeamLength / totalBeamRadius
  totalBeamArea = pi * totalBeamRadius * totalBeamRadius
  rmsBeamVolume = pi * rmsBeamRadius * rmsBeamRadius * rmsBeamLength

  rmsEnergySpread = 0.001
  beamTempEV = rmsEnergySpread * beamEnergyEV
  thermalBeamSpeedEV = 0.5 * beamTempEV
  rmsNormalizedEmittance = 4.0e-06
  rmsBeamSize = rmsBeamRadius / sqrt(2)
  rmsThermalBeta = rmsNormalizedEmittance / rmsBeamSize
  rmsThermalGamma = 1. / sqrt(1.-rmsThermalBeta*rmsThermalBeta)
  rmsVelocityMKS = rmsThermalBeta * speedOfLight
  rmsVelocityEV = (rmsThermalGamma-1.)*electronMassEV
  rmsEfactor = 8.0e-04
  rmsVfactor = 1.0e-04

// Define the number of grids in R and Z
	lengthOverRadiusAspectRatio = 6
	simRadiusOverBeamRadius = 4
	numRgridsAcrossBeam = 16
	numZgridsAcrossBeam = numRgridsAcrossBeam * beamAspectRatio
	numRgrids = numRgridsAcrossBeam * simRadiusOverBeamRadius
	numZgrids = numRgrids * lengthOverRadiusAspectRatio
	numCells = numRgrids * numZgrids

// Number of beam particles
	numBeamPtclsPerCell = 100
	numBeamCells = numRgridsAcrossBeam * numZgridsAcrossBeam
	numBeamPtcls = numBeamPtclsPerCell * numBeamCells
	beamNumRatio = totalNumBeam / numBeamPtcls

// Intermediate calculations for modeling Gaussian shape of the beam.
	invSigRsq = 1.0 / ( rmsBeamRadius * rmsBeamRadius )
	invSigZsq = 0.5 / ( rmsBeamLength * rmsBeamLength )
	invSigTsq = invSigZsq * speedOfLight * speedOfLight

// Calculate the size of the simulation region, grid spacings, time step.
// We are assuming the same grid size in both z and r	
  maxRadiusMKS = simRadiusOverBeamRadius * totalBeamRadius
	rGridSize = maxRadiusMKS / numRgrids
	zGridSize = rGridSize
	maxLengthMKS = numZgrids * zGridSize
	timeStep = 0.41 * rGridSize / speedOfLight

// This is the desired delay time before the moving window algorithm activates.
	movingWindowDelay = 0.94 * maxLengthMKS / speedOfLight

// Calculate peak currents for defining emission of the high-energy beam.
  peakCurrentDensity=totalBeamCharge*speedOfLight/rmsBeamVolume/sqrt(2.*pi)
  peakCurrent = peakCurrentDensity * totalBeamArea
  pulseLengthSec = totalBeamLength / speedOfLight
  oneHalfPulse = pulseLengthSec/2.
  oneEighthPulse = pulseLengthSec/8.
  threeEighthsPulse = 3.*oneEighthPulse
  sevenEighthsPulse = 7.*oneEighthPulse

// Define the plasma density, number of plasma electron macro-particles, etc.
  plasmaDensityMKS = 2.1e+20
  simulationVolume = pi * maxRadiusMKS * maxRadiusMKS * maxLengthMKS
  totalNumPlasma = plasmaDensityMKS * simulationVolume
  numPtclsPerCell = 20
  numPlasmaPtcls = numPtclsPerCell * numCells
  plasmaNumRatio = totalNumPlasma / numPlasmaPtcls

// Define plasma temperature and resulting flux of electrons into the simulation region.
  gasTempEV = 0.00001
  gasDensityMKS = 2.0e21
  gasPressureTorr = 1.20e-21 * gasDensityMKS * gasTempEV
  plasmaTempEV = 0.0
  thermalSpeed = speedOfLight * sqrt( plasmaTempEV / electronMassEV )
  currentFactor = maxRadiusMKS * thermalSpeed * plasmaDensityMKS * electronCharge
  endCurrent = currentFactor * maxRadiusMKS * sqrt(pi/2.)
  shellCurrent = currentFactor * maxLengthMKS * sqrt(2.*pi)
}

// This simulation has only one "region", which contains grid, all particles, etc.
Region
{

// Define the grid for this region.
Grid
{

// Define number of grids along Z-axis and physical coordinates.
	J = numZgrids
	x1s = 0.0
	x1f = maxLengthMKS
	n1 = 1.0

// Define number of grids along R-axis and physical coordinates.
	K = numRgrids
	x2s = 0.0
	x2f = maxRadiusMKS
	n2 = 1.0
}

// Specify "control" parameters for this region
Control
{
// Specify the time step.
	dt = timeStep

// Turn on the moving window algorithm.
	movingWindow = 1
	shiftDelayTime = movingWindowDelay

// Turn on damping for the high-frequency EM fields
	emdamping = 0.49
}

// Define the plasma ions.
Species
{
  name = plasma_ions
  m = lithiumMass
  q = ionCharge
// prevent out-of-control growth in # of ptcls
  particleLimit = 5.e+05
// subcycle ions (but be conservative)
  subcycle = 10
}

// Load the plasma ions over the entire simulation region.
Load
{
  speciesName = plasma_ions
  density = plasmaDensityMKS
  x1MinMKS = 0.0
  x1MaxMKS = maxLengthMKS
  x2MinMKS = 0.0
  x2MaxMKS = maxRadiusMKS

// This specifies a static uniform background (no macro-particles).
  np2c = 0
}

// Define the plasma electrons.
Species
{
  name = plasma_electrons
  m = electronMass
  q = electronCharge
// prevent out-of-control growth in # of ptcls
  particleLimit = 5.e+05
}

// Load the plasma electrons over the entire simulation region, but
//   leave the last dz strip of cells empty, because this strip must
//   be handled separately to accomodate the moving window algorithm.

VarWeightLoad
{
  speciesName = plasma_electrons
  density = plasmaDensityMKS
  x1MinMKS = 0.0
  x1MaxMKS = maxLengthMKS - zGridSize
  x2MinMKS = 0.0
  x2MaxMKS = maxRadiusMKS
  np2c = 2 * plasmaNumRatio

// Specify a finite plasma temperature (can be zero, of course).
//  units = EV
//  temperature = plasmaTempEV
  v1thermal = thermalSpeed
  v2thermal = thermalSpeed
  v3thermal = 0.0

// Specify loading that is more uniform than random
  LoadMethodFlag = 1
}

// Load the plasma electrons into the last dz strip of cells, which was
//   omitted by the load instruction above.

VarWeightLoad
{
// Name this load group "shiftLoad" so that the moving window algorithm
//   knows to invoke it every time the simulation window is shifted.
	Name = shiftLoad
	speciesName = plasma_electrons
	density = plasmaDensityMKS

// The fudged values for x1MaxMKS and x2MaxMKS are required, because a
//   bug in the load algorithm occasionally puts a randomly loaded macro-
//   particle right on the boundary, which then crashes the code.
	x1MinMKS = maxLengthMKS - zGridSize
	x1MaxMKS = maxLengthMKS - 0.001 * zGridSize
	x2MinMKS = 0.0
	x2MaxMKS = maxRadiusMKS - 0.001 * rGridSize
	np2c = 2 * plasmaNumRatio

// Specify a finite plasma temperature (can be zero, of course).
//	units = EV
//	temperature = plasmaTempEV
	v1thermal = thermalSpeed
	v2thermal = thermalSpeed
	v3thermal = 0.0

// Specify loading that is more uniform than random
	LoadMethodFlag = 1
}

// Define the beam electrons.
Species
{
  name = beam_electrons
  m = electronMass
  q = electronCharge
}

// Define the beam emitter, which introduces the high-energy beam into the
// simulation.

VarWeightBeamEmitter
{
  speciesName = beam_electrons
  I = peakCurrent

// Define the 2-D function F(x,t) that specifies beam emission profile.
  xtFlag = 3
  nIntervals = 32
  F=exp(-invSigRsq*x*x)*exp(-invSigTsq*(t-oneHalfPulse)*(t-oneHalfPulse))*step(pulseLengthSec-t)

// Macroparticles are emitted from the left boundary, close to the axis of symmetry.
  j1 = 0
  j2 = 0
  k1 = 0
  k2 = numRgridsAcrossBeam
  normal = 1
  np2c = beamNumRatio

// Emit particles, directed along the Z-axis,  with specified energy and temperature.
  units = EV
  v1drift = beamEnergyEV
  v1thermal = rmsEfactor * rmsVelocityEV
  v2thermal = rmsVfactor * rmsVelocityEV
  v3thermal = 0.0
}

// Specify the Monte Carlo collision parameters for background Li gas
MCC
{
  gas = Li
  relativisticMCC = 1
  pressure = gasPressureTorr
  temperature = gasTempEV
  eSpecies = plasma_electrons
  iSpecies = plasma_ions

// turn off collision ionization
  collisionFlag = 0

// turn on tunneling ionization 
  tunnelingIonizationFlag     = 1 

// E-field polarization flag: 0 (linear), 1 (circular)
  ETIPolarizationFlag = 0

// fix the number of macro particles to be created in each cell
  TI_numMacroParticlesPerCell = 1000
}


// Specify a perfect conductor along the left boundary.  This serves as a particle
//   boundary condition (catches particles that leave the simulation) and as a
//   field boundary condition (E_r is forced to vanish).

Conductor
{
	j1 = 0
	j2 = 0
	k1 = 0
	k2 = numRgrids
	normal = 1
}

// Specify a perfect conductor along the radial boundary.  This serves as a
//   particle boundary condition (catches particles that leave the simulation)
//   and as a field boundary condition (E_z is forced to vanish).

Conductor
{
	j1 = 0
	j2 = numZgrids
	k1 = numRgrids
	k2 = numRgrids
	normal = -1
}

// Specify a perfect conductor along the right boundary.  This serves as a
//   particle boundary condition (catches particles that leave the simulation)
//   and as a field boundary condition (E_r is forced to vanish).

Conductor
{
	j1 = numZgrids
	j2 = numZgrids
	k1 = numRgrids
	k2 = 0
	normal = -1
}

// Define the cylindrical symmetry axis.
CylindricalAxis
{
	j1 = 0
	j2 = numZgrids
	k1 = 0
	k2 = 0
	normal = 1
}

}