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<b>Oracle9<em>i</em> Administrator's Reference </b>
<br />
<b>Release 2 (9.2.0.1.0) for UNIX Systems: AIX-Based Systems, Compaq Tru64 UNIX, HP 9000 Series HP-UX, Linux Intel, and Sun Solaris</b>
<br />
Part No. A97297-01
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<h1>
<font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" color="#330099">G
<br /> Optimal Flexible Architecture
</font>
</h1>
<p>This appendix contains information on the Optimal Flexible Architecture (OFA) standard. The OFA standard is a set of configuration guidelines created to ensure fast, reliable Oracle databases that require little maintenance. This appendix contains the following sections:
</p>
<ul>
<li type="disc">
<p><a href="#i633068">Optimal Flexible Architecture</a>
</p>
</li>
<li type="disc">
<p><a href="#i633126">Optimal Flexible Architecture Implemented on UNIX</a>
</p>
</li>
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<h2>
<font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" color="#330099">Optimal Flexible Architecture
</font>
</h2>
<p>Oracle Corporation recommends that you implement the OFA standard when you install and configure Oracle9<em>i</em>.
</p>
<p>OFA is designed to:
</p>
<ul>
<li type="disc">
<p>Organize large amounts of complicated software and data on disk, to avoid device bottlenecks and poor performance
</p>
</li>
<li type="disc">
<p>Facilitate routine administrative tasks such as software and data backup, which are often vulnerable to data corruption
</p>
</li>
<li type="disc">
<p>Facilitate switching between multiple Oracle databases
</p>
</li>
<li type="disc">
<p>Adequately manage and administer database growth
</p>
</li>
<li type="disc">
<p>Help eliminate fragmentation of free space in the data dictionary, isolate other fragmentation, and minimize resource contention
</p>
</li>
</ul>
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<h3>
<font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" color="#330099">
<a id="sthref790" name="sthref790"></a>Characteristics of an OFA-Compliant Database
</font>
</h3>
<p>This section describes characteristics of a database that complies with the OFA standard.
</p>
<br /><strong><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" size="+1">File System Organization
</font></strong><br />
<p>The file system is organized to enable easy administration for issues such as:
</p>
<ul>
<li type="disc">
<p>Adding data into existing databases
</p>
</li>
<li type="disc">
<p>Adding users
</p>
</li>
<li type="disc">
<p>Creating databases<a id="sthref791" name="sthref791"></a>
</p>
</li>
<li type="disc">
<p>Adding hardware
</p>
</li>
</ul>
<br /><strong><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" size="+1">Distributed I/O Loads
</font></strong><br />
<p>I/O loads are distributed across enough disk drives to prevent performance bottlenecks.
</p>
<br /><strong><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" size="+1">Hardware Support
</font></strong><br />
<p>In most cases, investment in new hardware is not required to take advantage of the OFA standard.
</p>
<br /><strong><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" size="+1">Safeguards Against Drive Failures
</font></strong><br />
<p>By distributing applications across more than one drive, drive failures affect as few applications as possible.
</p>
<br /><strong><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" size="+1">Distribution of Home Directories
</font></strong><br />
<p>The following items can be distributed across more than one disk drive:
</p>
<ul>
<li type="disc">
<p>The collection of home directories
</p>
</li>
<li type="disc">
<p>The contents of an individual home directory
</p>
</li>
</ul>
<br /><strong><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" size="+1">Integrity of Login Home Directories
</font></strong><br />
<p>You can add, move, or delete login home directories without having to revise programs that refer to them.
</p>
<br /><strong><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" size="+1">Independence of UNIX Directory Subtrees
</font></strong><br />
<p>Categories of files are separated into independent UNIX directory subtrees so that files in one category are minimally affected by operations on files in other categories.
</p>
<br /><strong><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" size="+1">Supports Concurrent Execution of Application Software
</font></strong><br />
<p>You can execute multiple versions of application software simultaneously, enabling you to test and use a new release of an application before abandoning the previous version. Transferring to a new version after an upgrade is simple for the administrator and transparent for the user.
</p>
<br /><strong><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" size="+1">Separates Administrative Information for Each Database
</font></strong><br />
<p>The ability to separate administrative information on one database from that of another ensures a reasonable structure for the organization and storage of administrative data.
</p>
<br /><strong><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" size="+1">Uses Consistent Database File Naming
</font></strong><br />
<p>Database files are named so that:
</p>
<ul>
<li type="disc">
<p>Database files are easily distinguishable from all other files
</p>
</li>
<li type="disc">
<p>Files of one database are easily distinguishable from files of another database
</p>
</li>
<li type="disc">
<p>Control files, redo log files, and datafiles are identifiable as such
</p>
</li>
<li type="disc">
<p>The association of datafile to tablespace is clearly indicated
</p>
</li>
</ul>
<br /><strong><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" size="+1">Separation of Tablespace Contents
</font></strong><br />
<p>Tablespace contents are separated to:
</p>
<ul>
<li type="disc">
<p>Minimize tablespace free space fragmentation
</p>
</li>
<li type="disc">
<p>Minimize I/O request contention
</p>
</li>
<li type="disc">
<p>Maximize administrative flexibility
</p>
</li>
</ul>
<br /><strong><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" size="+1">I/O Loads Tuned Across All Drives
</font></strong><br />
<p>I/O loads are tuned across all drives, including drives storing Oracle data in raw devices.
</p>
<br /><strong><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" size="+1">Additional Benefits of OFA for Oracle9<em>i</em> Real Application Clusters
</font></strong><br />
<p>For Oracle9<em>i</em> Real Application Clusters Installations:
</p>
<ul>
<li type="disc">
<p>Administrative data is stored in a central location, accessible to all database administrators
</p>
</li>
<li type="disc">
<p>Administrative data for a particular instance can be identified by filename
</p>
</li>
</ul>
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<h2>
<font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" color="#330099">Optimal Flexible Architecture Implemented on UNIX
</font>
</h2>
<p>This section describes the naming strategy recommended by the OFA standard.
</p>
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<h3>
<font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" color="#330099">
Mount Points
</font>
</h3>
<p>This section describes the naming conventions for mount points.
</p>
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<h4>
<font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" color="#330099">
Create Mount Points
</font>
</h4>
<p>An Oracle9<em>i</em> installation requires at least two mount points: one for the software and at least one for the database files. To implement the OFA recommendations fully, Oracle9<em>i</em> requires at least four mount points: one for the software and at least three for database files.
</p>
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<h4>
<font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif" color="#330099">
Mount Point Syntax
</font>
</h4>
<p>Name all mount points using the syntax <code>/</code><em><code>pm</code></em>, where <em><code>p</code></em> is a string constant and <em><code>m</code></em> is a unique fixed-length key (typically a two-digit number) used to distinguish each mount point. For example: <code>/u01</code> and <code>/u02</code>, or <code>/disk01</code> and <code>/disk02</code>.
</p>
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