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<td> <font color=#009900 face=ARIAL,VERDANA,HELVETICA
size=5><b> <font color="#000000">XML-Data </font></b></font><font color="#000000" size="5"><b>Schema指南
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<td><span class="normal105">翻译:<a href="mailto:onecenter@yahoo.com">孙一中</a></span><font face="宋体" lang="ZH-CN" size=5></font></td>
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<P align=center><FONT color=#009900
size=5><B> </B></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=黑体 size=2><I class="normal105">状态: 初稿,Andrew,1999年5月25日, 未经核实和测试</I></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=黑体 size=2><I class="normal105">Andrew Layman, Microsoft.</I></FONT></P>
<P><FONT size=2><span class="normal105"><span class="normal105">本文描述了微软IE5.0的MSXML解析器已经实现的XML-Data
大纲(Schema)语言的特点.XML-Data是描述XML文荡和部件类的词库,即定义 XML元素类型,属性类型以及将其组合成文档(或部分文档).本文是其特点的指南和向导;<span class="normal105">在<span class="normal105">
</span></span></span></span></FONT><span class="normal105"><span class="normal105"><span class="normal105"><A
href="../../../msdn.microsoft.com/xml/XMLGuide/schema-overview.asp" tppabs="http://msdn.microsoft.com/xml/XMLGuide/schema-overview.asp"><FONT
size=2>http://msdn.microsoft.com/xml/XMLGuide/schema-overview.asp</FONT></A><FONT
size=2> </FONT></span><FONT
size=2><span class="normal105">有更详细的资料以及明确规范.</span></FONT></span><FONT
size=2> </FONT></span></P>
<P><FONT
size=2 class="normal105">大纲的目的是定义一套XML元素、属性和组合规则集.因此，大纲都包括元素和／或属性的定义，通常还有一些限制，即规定在何种情况下、怎样的元素和属性能以何种方式结合使用.</FONT></P>
<P><FONT
size=2 class="normal105">XML-Data本身只是一套元素和属性.我们将进行说明,并演示如何使用它们.首先从一个XML文档开始.</FONT></P>
<DIR>
<LI><span class="normal105"><FONT face="Courier New" size=1><span class="normal105"><PurchaseOrder></span></FONT>
</span>
<P><span class="normal105"><FONT face="Courier New" size=1><span class="normal105"><shipTo></span></FONT></span></P>
<P><span class="normal105"><span class="normal105"><FONT face="Courier New" size=1 class="normal105"><name>Alice
Smith</name></FONT></span></span></P>
<P><span class="normal105"><span class="normal105"><FONT face="Courier New" size=1 class="normal105"><street>123
Maple Street</street></FONT></span></span></P>
<P><span class="normal105"><span class="normal105"><FONT face="Courier New" size=1 class="normal105"><city>Mill
Valley</city></FONT></span></span></P>
<P><span class="normal105"><span class="normal105"><FONT face="Courier New"
size=1 class="normal105"><state>CA</state></FONT></span></span></P>
<P><span class="normal105"><span class="normal105"><FONT face="Courier New" size=1 class="normal105"><zip>90952</zip></FONT></span></span></P>
<P><span class="normal105"><FONT face="Courier New" size=1 class="normal105"></shipTo></FONT></span></P>
<P><span class="normal105"><FONT face="Courier New"
size=1 class="normal105"><orderDate>1999-05-20</orderDate></FONT></span></P>
<P><span class="normal105"><FONT face="Courier New"
size=1 class="normal105"><shipDate>1999-05-25</shipDate></FONT></span></P>
<P><span class="normal105"><FONT face="Courier New" size=1 class="normal105"><comments>Get
these things to me in a hurry, my lawn is going wild!</comments></FONT></span></P>
<P><span class="normal105"><FONT face="Courier New" size=1 class="normal105"><Items></FONT></span></P>
<P><span class="normal105"><FONT face="Courier New" size=1 class="normal105"><Item></FONT></span></P>
<P><span class="normal105"><FONT face="Courier New" size=1 class="normal105"><productName>Lawnmower,
model BUZZ-1</productName></FONT></span></P>
<P><span class="normal105"><FONT face="Courier New"
size=1 class="normal105"><quantity>1</quantity></FONT></span></P>
<P><span class="normal105"><FONT face="Courier New"
size=1 class="normal105"><price>148.95</price></FONT></span></P>
<P><span class="normal105"><FONT face="Courier New" size=1 class="normal105"></Item></FONT></span></P>
<P><span class="normal105"><FONT face="Courier New" size=1 class="normal105"><Item></FONT></span></P>
<P><span class="normal105"><FONT face="Courier New" size=1 class="normal105"><productName>Baby
Monitor, model SNOOZE-2</productName></FONT></span></P>
<P><span class="normal105"><FONT face="Courier New"
size=1 class="normal105"><quantity>1</quantity></FONT></span></P>
<P><span class="normal105"><FONT face="Courier New"
size=1 class="normal105"><price>39.98</price></FONT></span></P>
<P><span class="normal105"><FONT face="Courier New" size=1 class="normal105"></Item></FONT></span></P>
<P><span class="normal105"><FONT face="Courier New" size=1 class="normal105"></Items></FONT></span></P>
<P><span class="normal105"><FONT face="Courier New" size=1><span class="normal105"></PurchaseOrder></span></FONT><span class="normal105"><FONT
size=2> </FONT></span></span></P>
</LI></DIR>
<P><FONT size=2 class="normal105">就这个文档，让我们用它来看看XML-Data大纲中的一些特点.</FONT></P>
<P><B><I><span class="normal105">大纲 </span> </I></B></P>
<P><FONT
size=2 class="normal105">一个XML-Data大纲包括一<I>Schema</I>元素,其中是该特定大纲的具体定义.空的大纲是这样的:</FONT></P>
<DIR>
<LI><span class="normal105"><span class="normal105"><span class="normal105"><FONT face="Courier New" size=1><span class="normal105"><Schema
xmlns="urn:schema-microsoft-com:xml-data" xmlns:dt="urn:schema-microsoft-com:datatypes"></span></FONT></span></span></span><span class="normal105"><FONT face="Courier New" size=1><BR>
<span class="normal105"></Schema></span></FONT><span class="normal105"><FONT
size=2> </FONT></span></span></LI>
</DIR>
<P><FONT
size=2><span class="normal105"><span class="normal105">大纲的元素名表明这是一个大纲</span>."<span class="normal105">xmlns</span>"<span class="normal105">是一个特殊的信息项,称为"名域声明".它标明大纲元素由称作"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xml-data"的规范明确定义,因而有别于其它任何类似名称的元素
.(并不可能象"schema</span>"<span class="normal105">这样的特殊名字都需要该分类,但许多普通的名称需要.以后我们将更详尽地讨论名域声明的作用.)</span></span></FONT><span class="normal105"><span class="normal105"><FONT
face=Arial><B><I> </I></B></FONT></span></span></P>
<P><B><I class="normal105">元素</I></B></P>
<P><FONT size=2 class="normal105">订购单包括几种元素. <I>ElementType</I>是定义它们的机制.例如,我们能够定义一个简单元素类型:"street"
:</FONT></P>
<DIR>
<LI><FONT face="Courier New" size=1><span class="normal105"><ElementType
name="street" /></span></FONT><span class="normal105"><FONT size=2>
</FONT></span></LI>
</DIR>
<P><FONT
size=2 class="normal105">更复杂的元素不仅仅包括文字;它们可能包括特定形式的文本或者包含其它元素的文本.在本例中,我们想规定"shipDate"元素为日期.我们可以这样写</FONT></P>
<DIR>
<LI><FONT face="Courier New" size=1 class="normal105"><ElementType name="orderDate"
dt:type="date" /></FONT> </LI>
</DIR>
<P><FONT size=2><span class="normal105">你在</span></FONT><span class="normal105"><span class="normal105"><A
href="../../../msdn.microsoft.com/xml/xmlguide/schema-datatypes.asp" tppabs="http://msdn.microsoft.com/xml/xmlguide/schema-datatypes.asp"
target=new_window><FONT
size=2>http://msdn.microsoft.com/xml/xmlguide/schema-datatypes.asp</FONT></A></span><FONT
size=2 class="normal105">可以发现一系列的数据类型,如日期、时间、数字、二进制等格式. </FONT></span></P>
<P><FONT size=2 class="normal105">我们在元素的定义中引用了其他的适当的元素类型，使"shipTo"元素包括其他元素.例如,
</FONT></P>
<DIR>
<LI><FONT face="Courier New" size=1 class="normal105"><ElementType name="shipTo"
/></FONT>
<P><FONT face="Courier New" size=1><span class="normal105"><element
type="name" /></span></FONT></P>
<P><span class="normal105"><FONT face="Courier New" size=1 class="normal105"><element
type="street" /></FONT></span></P>
<P><FONT face="Courier New" size=1 class="normal105"><element type="city"
/></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face="Courier New" size=1 class="normal105"><element type="state"
/></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face="Courier New" size=1><span class="normal105"><element type="zip"
/></span></FONT></P>
<P><span class="normal105"><FONT face="Courier New"
size=1 class="normal105"></ElementType></FONT></span></P>
</LI></DIR>
<P><FONT size=2 class="normal105">这表示每当"shipTo"元素出现,其中必须有五个子元素，依次是name,
street, city, state and zip.当然, 我们需要在此之前就定义他们.我们这样做:</FONT></P>
<DIR>
<LI><FONT face="Courier New" size=1 class="normal105"><schema xmlns="urn:schema-microsoft-com:xml-data"</FONT>
<P><FONT face="Courier New"
size=1 class="normal105">xmlns:dt="urn:schema-microsoft-com:datatypes"></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face="Courier New" size=1 class="normal105"><ElementType name="PurchaseOrder"></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face="Courier New" size=1 class="normal105"><element type="shipTo"/></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face="Courier New" size=1 class="normal105"><element type="orderDate"/></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face="Courier New" size=1 class="normal105"><element type="shipDate"/></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face="Courier New" size=1 class="normal105"><element type="comments"
/></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face="Courier New" size=1 class="normal105"><element type="Items"/></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face="Courier New" size=1 class="normal105"></ElementType></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face="Courier New" size=1 class="normal105"><ElementType
name="shipTo" /></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face="Courier New" size=1 class="normal105"><element type="name"
/></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face="Courier New" size=1 class="normal105"><element type="street"
/></FONT></P>
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