xml-d~ix.htm
来自「这是一本关于XML的学习的书」· HTM 代码 · 共 811 行 · 第 1/5 页
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<DIR>
<LI><FONT face="Courier New" size=1 class="normal105"><PurchaseOrder></FONT>
<P><FONT face="Courier New" size=1 class="normal105"><shipTo></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face="Courier New" size=1 class="normal105"><z:Address xmlns:z="http://electrocommerce.org/stuff.xml"></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face="Courier New" size=1 class="normal105"><z:name>Alice
Smith</z:name></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face="Courier New" size=1 class="normal105"><z:street>123
Maple Street</z:street></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face="Courier New" size=1 class="normal105"><z:city>Mill
Valley</z:city></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face="Courier New"
size=1 class="normal105"><z:state>CA</z:state></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face="Courier New"
size=1 class="normal105"><z:zip>90952</z:zip><BR>
</z:Address></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face="Courier New" size=1 class="normal105"></shipTo></FONT></P>
</LI></DIR>
<P><FONT
size=2 class="normal105">我们不仅能N给任何特定名域分配特殊的前缀,还能规定名域缺少前缀.这通常使得文档更易读.这儿,我们通过省略名域声明中的前缀来表示没有前缀的子元素都由指定的名域来定义:</FONT></P>
<DIR>
<LI><FONT face="Courier New" size=1><span class="normal105"><shipTo></span><BR>
<span class="normal105"><Address xmlns="http://electrocommerce.org/stuff.xml"
></span><BR>
<span class="normal105"><name>Alice Smith</name><BR>
<street>123 Maple Street</street><BR>
<city>Mill Valley</city><BR>
<state>CA</state><BR>
<zip>90952</zip><BR>
</Address><BR>
</shipTo></span></FONT><span class="normal105"><FONT
size=2> </FONT></span></LI>
</DIR>
<P><FONT size=2 class="normal105">名域前缀只是文档内的标记.要紧的是相应的URI,因此以上四个Address元素含义完全相同.</FONT></P>
<P><FONT
size=2 class="normal105">尽管我们在名为"http://electrocommerce.org/stuff.xml"的大纲中定义了Address元素,我们还没有
类似地把PurchaseOrder元素和大纲相联系.我们能这样做.假设名叫"http://fabrikam.com/PO.xml"的大纲定义我们的PurchaseOrder元素,我们可以这么写</FONT></P>
<DIR>
<LI><FONT face="Courier New" size=1><span class="normal105"><PurchaseOrder
xmlns="http://fabrikam.com/PO.xml"></span></FONT>
<P><span class="normal105"><FONT face="Courier New" size=1><span class="nocolor"><span class="normal105"><span class="normal105"><shipTo></span></span></span></FONT></span></P>
<P><span class="normal105"><span class="normal105"><span class="nocolor"><span class="normal105"><FONT face="Courier New" size=1 class="normal105"><Address
xmlns="http://electrocommerce.org/stuff.xml" ></FONT></span></span></span></span></P>
<P><span class="normal105"><span class="normal105"><span class="nocolor"><span class="normal105"><FONT face="Courier New" size=1 class="normal105"><name>Alice
Smith</name></FONT></span></span></span></span></P>
<P><span class="normal105"><span class="normal105"><span class="nocolor"><span class="normal105"><FONT face="Courier New" size=1 class="normal105"><street>123
Maple Street</street></FONT></span></span></span></span></P>
<P><span class="normal105"><span class="normal105"><span class="nocolor"><span class="normal105"><FONT face="Courier New" size=1 class="normal105"><city>Mill
Valley</city></FONT></span></span></span></span></P>
<P><span class="normal105"><span class="normal105"><span class="nocolor"><span class="normal105"><FONT face="Courier New"
size=1 class="normal105"><state>CA</state></FONT></span></span></span></span></P>
<P><span class="normal105"><span class="normal105"><span class="nocolor"><span class="normal105"><FONT face="Courier New" size=1 class="normal105"><zip>90952</zip></FONT></span></span></span></span></P>
<P><span class="normal105"><span class="normal105"><span class="nocolor"><span class="normal105"><FONT face="Courier New" size=1 class="normal105"></Address></FONT></span></span></span></span></P>
<P><span class="normal105"><span class="normal105"><span class="nocolor"><span class="normal105"><FONT face="Courier New" size=1 class="normal105"></shipTo></FONT></span></span></span></span></P>
<P><span class="normal105"><FONT face="Courier New"
size=1 class="normal105"><orderDate>1999-05-20</orderDate></FONT></span></P>
<P><span class="normal105"><FONT face="Courier New"
size=1 class="normal105"><shipDate>1999-05-25</shipDate></FONT></span></P>
<P><span class="normal105"><FONT face="Courier New" size=1><span class="normal105"><comments></span><BR>
<span class="normal105">Get these things to me in a hurry, my lawn
is going wild!<BR>
</comments></span></FONT></span></P>
<P><span class="normal105"><FONT face="Courier New" size=1 class="normal105"><Items></FONT></span></P>
<P><span class="normal105"><FONT face="Courier New" size=1 class="normal105"><Item></FONT></span></P>
<P><span class="normal105"><FONT face="Courier New" size=1 class="normal105"><productName>Lawnmower,
model BUZZ-1</productName></FONT></span></P>
<P><span class="normal105"><FONT face="Courier New"
size=1 class="normal105"><quantity>1</quantity></FONT></span></P>
<P><span class="normal105"><FONT face="Courier New"
size=1 class="normal105"><price>148.95</price></FONT></span></P>
<P><span class="normal105"><FONT face="Courier New" size=1 class="normal105"></Item></FONT></span></P>
<P><span class="normal105"><FONT face="Courier New" size=1 class="normal105"><Item></FONT></span></P>
<P><span class="normal105"><FONT face="Courier New" size=1 class="normal105"><productName>Baby
Monitor, model SNOOZE-2</productName></FONT></span></P>
<P><span class="normal105"><FONT face="Courier New"
size=1 class="normal105"><quantity>1</quantity></FONT></span></P>
<P><span class="normal105"><FONT face="Courier New"
size=1 class="normal105"><price>39.98</price></FONT></span></P>
<P><span class="normal105"><FONT face="Courier New" size=1 class="normal105"></Item></FONT></span></P>
<P><span class="normal105"><FONT face="Courier New" size=1 class="normal105"></Items></FONT></span></P>
<P><span class="normal105"><FONT face="Courier New" size=1><span class="normal105"></PurchaseOrder></span></FONT><span class="normal105"><FONT
size=2> </FONT></span></span></P>
</LI></DIR>
<P><FONT
size=2><span class="normal105"><span class="normal105">以上声明了PurchaseOrder元素以及它包含的所有元素都在</span>"http://fabrikam.com/PO.xml"大纲中定义,
</span></FONT><span class="normal105"><FONT color=#ff0000 size=2><STRONG><I class="normal105"><font color="#000000">除了</font></I></STRONG></FONT><FONT
size=2>Address元素和其子元素在 xmlns="http://electrocommerce.org/stuff.xml"中定义.两种情况中,明确的前缀都省略了.</FONT></span></P>
<P><FONT
size=2 class="normal105">你可以在一个文档中声明多个名域,也可以用几个前缀来代表相同的名域.下例显示了这点,但只是表明可以这么做,特别指出的是该文档的意义与前例一致.</FONT></P>
<DIR>
<LI>
<DIR>
<LI><FONT face="Courier New" size=1 class="normal105"><PurchaseOrder
xmlns:a="http://fabrikam.com/PO.xml"<BR>
xmlns:b="http://electrocommerce.org/stuff.xml"
</FONT>
<P><FONT face="Courier New"
size=1 class="normal105">xmlns:c="http://electrocommerce.org/stuff.xml"
></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face="Courier New" size=1 class="normal105"><a:shipTo></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face="Courier New" size=1 class="normal105"><b:Address ></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face="Courier New" size=1 class="normal105"><c:name>Alice
Smith</c:name></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face="Courier New" size=1 class="normal105"><b:street>123
Maple Street</b:street></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face="Courier New" size=1 class="normal105"><c:city>Mill
Valley</c:city></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face="Courier New"
size=1 class="normal105"><b:state>CA</b:state></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face="Courier New"
size=1 class="normal105"><c:zip>90952</c:zip></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face="Courier New" size=1 class="normal105"></b:Address></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face="Courier New" size=1 class="normal105"></a:shipTo></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face="Courier New"
size=1 class="normal105"><a:orderDate>1999-05-20</a:orderDate></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face="Courier New"
size=1 class="normal105"><a:shipDate>1999-05-25</a:shipDate></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face="Courier New" size=1><span class="normal105"><a:comments></span><BR>
<span class="normal105">Get these things to me in a hurry, my
lawn is going wild!<BR>
</a:comments></span></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face="Courier New" size=1 class="normal105"><a:Items></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face="Courier New" size=1 class="normal105"><a:Item></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face="Courier New" size=1 class="normal105"><a:productName>Lawnmower,
model BUZZ-1</a:productName></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face="Courier New"
size=1 class="normal105"><a:quantity>1</a:quantity></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face="Courier New"
size=1 class="normal105"><a:price>148.95</a:price></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face="Courier New" size=1 class="normal105"></a:Item></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face="Courier New" size=1 class="normal105"><a:Item></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face="Courier New" size=1 class="normal105"><a:productName>Baby
Monitor, model SNOOZE-2</a:productName></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face="Courier New"
size=1 class="normal105"><a:quantity>1</a:quantity></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face="Courier New"
size=1 class="normal105"><a:price>39.98</a:price></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face="Courier New" size=1 class="normal105"></a:Item></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face="Courier New" size=1 class="normal105"></a:Items></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face="Courier New"
size=1 class="normal105"></a:PurchaseOrder>:PurchaseOrder></FONT></P>
</LI>
</DIR>
</LI>
</DIR>
<P><span class="normal105"><FONT size=2>如果一个文档的大纲中有开放内容模式(open content model)的元素,那可以包含最初大纲没有提及的元素,只要这些元素由前缀或者由于在缺省大纲的范围之内指派为特定的名域定义.例如,假设有第三个大纲定义了一个称为"trackingInformation"的有用元素.因为我们定义了PurchaseOrder有开放内容模式,我们可以把这个元素直接加入例中:</FONT></span></P>
<DIR>
<LI><FONT face="Courier New" size=1 class="normal105"><PurchaseOrder
xmlns="http://fabrikam.com/PO.xml"></FONT>
<P><FONT face="Courier New" size=1 class="normal105"><shipTo></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face="Courier New" size=1 class="normal105"><Address xmlns="http://electrocommerce.org/stuff.xml"
></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face="Courier New" size=1 class="normal105"><name>Alice Smith</name></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face="Courier New" size=1 class="normal105"><street>123 Maple
Street</street></FONT></P>
<P><FONT face="Courier New" size=1><span class="normal105"><city>Mill
Valley</city></span></FONT></P>
<P><span class="normal105"><FONT face="Courier New"
size=1 class="normal105"><state>CA</state></FONT></span></P>
<P><FONT face="Courier New"
size=1><span class="normal105"><zip>90952</zip><BR>
</Address></span></FONT></P>
<P><span class="normal105"><FONT face="Courier New" size=1 class="normal105"></shipTo></FONT></span></P>
<P><FONT face="Courier New"
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