findbad.asm

查找硬盘坏扇区并快速标出坏扇区 （FindBad v1.3）

;版本 V1.3 增加使用说明
;版本 V1.2 需手动修改NO_F中参数值，并采用
;运行提示输入NO_F中参数值=》初始化=》测试=》复制数据区testhd至testhd_bak=》
;写坏柱连续扇区标识到FAT1表=》初始化=》复制数据区testhd_bak至testhd
;=》复制begin_FAT1_rs至begin_FAT2_rs写坏柱连续扇区标识到FAT2表

;针对FAT32分区格式 ,且FAT区＋DBR区所在柱面不可有坏扇区
;C:盘(chs最大8G)寻找坏扇区并在FAT 记录表中标识0FFFFFF7H，以1柱为标识单位。
;我的笔记本硬盘分区参数 FBR_1beH:80 01 01 00 0B 7F BF 0C 3F 00 00 00 41 99 40 00
; DBR: bn_A=00020h bn_B=101fh bn_C=02h bn_E=08h sector=0200H nh=80h ns=3fh
;-------------------------------
;常量定义区
;color8 equ 1fh ;'LiGuohui'
;-------------------------------

;------------------------------
;数据定义区
data segment para 'data'
     file db 100h dup(88h)
     NO_F db 02h     ;确认检查分区表中第几分区检查,默认第1分区
     NO_F_DAT db 16 dup(0h) ;指定分区分区表数据
     sector dw 200h  ;每扇区字节512=200h,DBR偏移量0B-0CH
     nc dw 20dh      ;本硬盘柱面总数,柱面0~524=525=20dh
     nh db 80h       ;本硬盘磁头总数,磁头0~127=128=80h,DBR偏移量1A-1BH
     ns db 3fh       ;本硬盘单一磁道扇区总数,扇区1~63=63=3FH,DBR偏移量18-19H
     int13_c db 00h  ;中断13H格式访问硬盘时柱面参数值,注真实柱面由int13_s高2bit和int13_c组成
     int13_h db 00h  ;中断13H格式访问硬盘时磁头参数值
     int13_s db 01h  ;中断13H格式访问硬盘时扇区参数值

     phy_c dw 00h    ;硬盘物理真实柱面值
     phy_h db 01h    ;硬盘物理真实磁头值
     phy_s db 01h    ;硬盘物理真实扇区值
     phy_1c_ns dw 00h;硬盘物理真实1柱面值扇区总数

     dos_start_c dw 00h  ;DOS分区开始柱面值
     dos_start_h db 01h  ;DOS分区开始磁头值
     dos_start_s db 01h  ;DOS分区开始扇区值
     dos_end_c dw 20dh   ;DOS分区结束柱面值
     dos_end_h db 7fh    ;DOS分区结束磁头值
     dos_end_s db 3fh    ;DOS分区结束扇区值

     dos_rs_L16 dw 00h   ;DOS分区逻辑扇区值,0-***双字
       dos_rs_H16 dw 00h
     dos_CH_L16 dw 00h   ;DOS分区簇号,0-***双字
       dos_CH_H16 dw 00h

     bn_A dw 20h         ;DOS分区保留扇区,DBR偏移量0E-0FH
     bn_B dw 04b3h       ;DOS分区中1个FAT表占用扇区数,DBR偏移量24-25H
     bn_C db 02h         ;DOS分区中FAT表个数,DBR偏移量10H
     bn_E db 08h         ;DOS分区中每簇扇区数,DBR偏移量0DH

     testhd db 1024 dup(30h) ;硬盘物理真实柱面值坏柱记录区0-1023=1024=200H
     testhd_bak db 1024 dup(30h)
    ;testhd db 0fh dup(30h),31h,1f0h dup(30h)
     err_FAT32 db 'Disk isn`t FAT32!',0dh,0ah,'$'
     temp_DAT db 512 dup(0h) ;读写扇区缓冲区
     err_NH db 'Head must small than 100h!',0dh,0ah,'$'
     err_ns db 'sector must small than 40h!',0dh,0ah,'$'
     err_nc db 'Cyli must small than 400h !',0dh,0ah,'$'
     err_dos_start_c db 'start cy is bad !',0dh,0ah,'$'

     test_c db 00h ;测试坏扇区时柱面变量ch
     test_h db 00h ;dh
     test_s db 01h ;cl

     begin_FAT1_rs_L16 dw 00h ;FAT1区开始逻辑扇区-双字
       begin_FAT1_rs_H16 dw 00h

     begin_FAT2_rs_L16 dw 00h ;FAT2区开始逻辑扇区-双字
       begin_FAT2_rs_H16 dw 00h

     BAD_C dw 01h  ;坏柱面号

     dos_CH_bg_L16 dw 00h  ;坏柱开始簇号值-双字
       dos_CH_bg_H16 dw 00h

     dos_CH_ED_L16 dw 00h  ;坏柱终止簇号值-双字
       dos_CH_ED_H16 dw 00h

     FAT1_BAD_CH_rs1_L16 DW 00H ;坏簇在FAT1表中开始相对逻辑扇区-双字
       FAT1_BAD_CH_rs1_H16 DW 00H

     FAT1_BAD_CH_rs2_L16 DW 00H ;坏簇在FAT1表中终止相对逻辑扇区-双字
       FAT1_BAD_CH_rs2_H16 DW 00H

     FAT2_BAD_CH_rs1_L16 DW 00H ;坏簇在FAT2表中开始相对逻辑扇区-双字
       FAT2_BAD_CH_rs1_H16 DW 00H

     FAT2_BAD_CH_rs2_L16 DW 00H ;坏簇在FAT2表中终止相对逻辑扇区-双字
       FAT2_BAD_CH_rs2_H16 DW 00H

     WRITE_SECTOR_BG_NO DW 00H
     WRITE_SECTOR_ED_NO DW 00H
     Bad_DAT DD 80H DUP(0FFFFFF7H) ;在相对fat表中的某扇区全填写坏簇标志

     dsp_test_c_DAT  db 'Testing '
     dsp_test_c_DAt1 db 20h,20h,20h,20h,'H of '
     dsp_test_c_DAT2 db 20h,20h,20h,20h,'H',0dh,0ah,'$'

     cpy_FAT1_FAT2_1_L16 dw 00h
        cpy_FAT1_FAT2_1_H16 dw 00h
     cpy_FAT1_FAT2_2_L16 dw 00h
        cpy_FAT1_FAT2_2_H16 dw 00h
     dsp_cpy_FAT1_FAT2_DAT db 'Writting '
     dsp_cpy_FAT1_FAT2_DAT1 db 20h,20h,20h,20h,'H of '
     dsp_cpy_FAT1_FAT2_DAT2 db 20h,20h,20h,20h,'H',0dh,0ah,'$'

     write_FAT1_dat db 'Writting FAT1.....',0dh,0ah,'$'
     write_FAT2_dat db 'Writting FAT2.....',0dh,0ah,'$'

     select_No_DPT db 'Select Disk Partition Table:',0dh,0ah
                   db '        0:  No.1 DPT',0dh,0ah
                   db '        1:  No.2 DPT',0dh,0ah
                   db '        2:  No.3 DPT',0dh,0ah
                   db '        3:  No.4 DPT',0dh,0ah
                   db 'Input Number: $'
      select_hc    db 0dh,0ah,'$'

     VGA11H_DAT db 38400 dup(0ffh),'程序设计：江苏新科李国辉'

     ;FAT32公式说明:  dos_rs=nh*ns*(phy_c - dos_strat_c)
     ;                       + ns*(phy_h - dos_start_h) + (phy_s - dos_start_s)
     ;                phy_s=(dos_rs MOD ns) + dos_start_s
     ;                phy_h=((dos_rs DIV ns) MOD nh) + dos_start_h
     ;                phy_c=((dos_rs DIV ns) DIV nh) + dos_start_c
     ;                dos_CH=((dos_rs - bn_A - bn_C*bn_B) DIV bn_E)+2
     ;                dos_rs=bn_A + bn_C*bn_B + (dos_CH - 2)* bn_E
data  ends
;------------------------------

;------------------------------
;代码区
code segment para 'code'
assume cs:code; ds:data;ss:stack
beg:   mov ax,data
       mov ds,ax
       push ax
       pop es
       call DSP_VGA11H ;显示使用说明图像 按数字8继续

beg_0:     mov ah,09h  ;initial No_F
           mov dx,offset select_No_DPT
           int 21h
           mov ah,1h
           int 21h
           sub al,30h
           cmp al,4h
           jnc beg_0
           mov no_F,al
           mov ah,09h
           mov dx,offset select_hc
           int 21h
       call ini_bn
       call tests
           mov si,offset testhd
           mov di,offset testhd_bak
           mov cx,200h
beg1:      mov al,[si]
           mov [di],al
           inc di
           inc si
           dec cx
           jnz beg1
           mov ah,09h
           mov dx,offset write_fat1_dat
           int 21h
       call write_bad
           mov di,offset testhd
           mov si,offset testhd_bak
           mov cx,200h
beg2:      mov al,[si]
           mov [di],al
           inc di
           inc si
           dec cx
           jnz beg2
       call ini_bn
           mov ax,begin_fat2_rs_L16
           mov dx,begin_fat2_rs_H16
           mov begin_fat1_rs_L16,ax
           mov begin_fat1_rs_H16,dx
           mov ah,09h
           mov dx,offset write_fat2_dat
           int 21h
       call write_bad
;       call copy_fat1_fat2
       mov ax,4c00h
       int 21h
       ret

READ_NO_F proc near
;将由no_f选定检查盘分区表中16字节信息读出至no_f_dat区
       push ax
       push bx
       push cx
       push dx
       pushf
       push si
       push di
       mov ah,00h
       mov dl,80h
       int 13h
       mov ax,0201h
       mov bx,offset temp_dat
       mov cx,0001h
       mov dx,0080h
       int 13h
       mov si,bx
       add si,1beh
       mov cl,no_f
       mov al,10h
       mul cl
       add si,ax
       mov di,offset no_f_dat
       mov cl,10h
read_no_f1:mov al,[si]
       mov [di],al
       inc si
       inc di
       dec cl
       jnz read_no_f1

       pop di
       pop si
       popf
       pop dx
       pop cx
       pop bx
       pop ax
       ret
READ_NO_F endp

int13chs_phy proc near
;将int13柱磁扇转换成物理真实柱磁扇
;输入:int13_c/h/s 输出:phy_c/h/s
       push ax
       push bx
       push cx
       push dx
       pushf
       push si
       push di

       mov ah,int13_h
       mov phy_h,ah
       mov ah,int13_s
       mov al,ah
       and ah,0c0h
       and al,3fh
       mov phy_s,al
       mov al,int13_c
       shr ah,1h
       shr ah,1h
       shr ah,1h
       shr ah,1h
       shr ah,1h
       shr ah,1h
       and ah,03h
       mov phy_c,ax

       pop di
       pop si
       popf
       pop dx
       pop cx
       pop bx
       pop ax
       ret
int13chs_phy endp
phychs_int13 proc near
;将物理真实柱<=1023磁扇转换成int13柱磁扇
;输入:phy_c/h/s 输出:int13_c/h/s
       push ax
       push bx
       push cx
       push dx
       pushf
       push si
       push di

       mov ah,phy_h
       mov int13_h,ah
       mov ax,phy_c
       mov int13_c,al
       shl ah,1h
       shl ah,1h
       shl ah,1h
       shl ah,1h
       shl ah,1h
       shl ah,1h
       and ah,0c0h
       mov al,phy_s
       or ah,al
       mov int13_s,ah

       pop di
       pop si
       popf
       pop dx
       pop cx
       pop bx
       pop ax
       ret
phychs_int13 endp
ini_bn proc near
;初始化变量区子程序
       push ax
       push bx
       push cx
       push dx
       pushf
       push si
       push di

       call read_no_f
       mov si,offset no_f_dat
       mov ah,[si+4h]
       cmp ah,0bh
       jz ini_bn_1
       mov dx,offset err_fat32
       mov ah,09h
       int 21h
       mov ax,4c00h
       int 21h
       ret
ini_bn_1:mov al,[si+1h]
       mov int13_h,al
       mov al,[si+2h]
       mov int13_s,al
       mov al,[si+3h]
       mov int13_c,al
       call int13chs_phy
       mov ax,phy_c
       mov dos_start_c,ax
       mov al,phy_h
       mov dos_start_h,al
       mov al,phy_s
       mov dos_start_s,al
       ;-------------------------       
       mov al,[si+5h]
       mov int13_h,al
       mov al,[si+6h]
       mov int13_s,al
       mov al,[si+7h]
       mov int13_c,al
       call int13chs_phy
       mov ax,phy_c
       mov dos_end_c,ax
       mov al,phy_h
       mov dos_end_h,al
       mov al,phy_s
       mov dos_end_s,al
       ;--------------------------
       mov ax,0201h ;读入选定分区DBR至temp_dat
       mov bx,offset temp_dat
       mov dl,80h
       mov dh,[si+1h]
       mov cl,[si+2h]
       mov ch,[si+3h]
       int 13h
       ;--------------------------
       mov si,offset temp_dat
       mov ax,[si+0bh] ;读入sector
       mov sector,ax
       mov ax,[si+1ah] ;读入nh
       cmp ax,100h
       jb ini_bn_2
       mov dx,offset err_nh
exit:  mov ah,09h
       int 21h
       mov ax,4c00h
       int 21h
       ret
ini_bn_2:mov nh,al
       ;--------------------------
       mov ax,[si+18h] ;读入NS
       cmp ax,40h
       jb ini_bn_3
       mov dx,offset err_ns
       jmp exit
ini_bn_3:mov ns,al
       ;--------------------------
       mov cl,ns  ;计算phy_1c_ns
       mov al,nh
       mul cl
       mov phy_1c_ns,ax
       ;--------------------------
       mov ax,[si+0eh] ;读入bn_A bn_B bn_C bn_E
       mov bn_A,ax
       mov ax,[si+24h]
       mov bn_B,ax
       mov al,[si+10h]
       mov bn_C,al
       mov al,[si+0dh]
       mov bn_E,al
       ;--------------------------
       ;计算要测试的总柱面数nc
       mov si,offset no_f_dat
       mov bx,[si+0ah]
       mov dx,[si+0eh]
       add dx,bx
       mov ax,[si+08h]
       mov cx,[si+0ch]
       add ax,cx
       jnc ini_bn_4
       inc dx
ini_bn_4:mov bx,phy_1c_ns
       div bx
       cmp dx,00h
       jz ini_bn_5
       inc ax
ini_bn_5:cmp ax,400h
       jb ini_bn_6
       mov dx,offset err_nc
       jmp exit
ini_bn_6:mov nc,ax
       ;-------------------------
       mov ax,bn_A ;初始化begin_Fat1_rs begin_Fat2_rs
       mov begin_fat1_rs_l16,ax
       mov ax,00h
       mov begin_fat1_rs_h16,ax
       mov dx,00h
       mov ax,bn_B
       add ax,bn_A
       jnc ini_bn_7
       inc dx
ini_bn_7:mov begin_FAT2_rs_L16,ax
       mov begin_FAT2_rs_H16,dx       

       pop di
       pop si
       popf
       pop dx
       pop cx
       pop bx
       pop ax
       ret
ini_bn endp
dsp_test_c_nc proc near
       push ax
       push bx
       push cx
       push dx
       pushf
       push si
       push di

       mov al,test_c
       mov ah,test_s
       shr ah,1h
       shr ah,1h
       shr ah,1h
       shr ah,1h
       shr ah,1h
       shr ah,1h
       and ah,03h
       mov si,offset dsp_test_C_dat1
       push ax
       shr ah,1h
       shr ah,1h
       shr ah,1h
       shr ah,1h
       and ah,0fh
       cmp ah,0ah
       jb dsp_t1
       add ah,7h
dsp_t1:add ah,30h
       mov [si+0],ah
       pop ax
       push ax
       and ah,0fh
       cmp ah,0ah
       jb dsp_t2
       add ah,7h
dsp_t2:add ah,30h
       mov [si+1h],ah
       pop ax
       push ax
       shr al,1h
       shr al,1h
       shr al,1h
       shr al,1h
       and al,0fh
       cmp al,0ah
       jb dsp_t3
       add al,7h
dsp_t3:add al,30h
       mov [si+2h],al
       pop ax
       push ax
       and al,0fh
       cmp al,0ah
       jb dsp_t4
       add al,7h
dsp_t4:add al,30h
       mov [si+3h],al
       pop ax
;--------------------
       mov ax,nc
       mov si,offset dsp_test_C_dat2
       push ax
       shr ah,1h
       shr ah,1h
       shr ah,1h
       shr ah,1h
       and ah,0fh
       cmp ah,0ah
       jb dsp_t5
       add ah,7h
dsp_t5:add ah,30h
       mov [si+0],ah
       pop ax
       push ax
       and ah,0fh
       cmp ah,0ah
       jb dsp_t6
       add ah,7h
dsp_t6:add ah,30h
       mov [si+1h],ah
       pop ax
       push ax
       shr al,1h
       shr al,1h
       shr al,1h
       shr al,1h
       and al,0fh
       cmp al,0ah
       jb dsp_t7
       add al,7h
dsp_t7:add al,30h
       mov [si+2h],al
       pop ax
       push ax
       and al,0fh
       cmp al,0ah
       jb dsp_t8
       add al,7h
dsp_t8:add al,30h
       mov [si+3h],al
       pop ax
       ;--------------
       mov dx,offset dsp_test_c_dat
       mov ah,09h
       int 21h

       pop di
       pop si
       popf
       pop dx
       pop cx
       pop bx
       pop ax
       ret
dsp_test_c_nc endp
dsp_cpy_fat1_fat2 proc near
       push ax
       push bx
       push cx
       push dx
       pushf
       push si
       push di

       mov ax,cpy_FAT1_FAT2_1_L16
       mov si,offset dsp_cpy_fat1_fat2_dat1
       push ax
       shr ah,1h
       shr ah,1h
       shr ah,1h
       shr ah,1h
       and ah,0fh
       cmp ah,0ah
       jb dsp_c1
       add ah,7h
dsp_c1:add ah,30h
       mov [si+0],ah
       pop ax
       push ax
       and ah,0fh
       cmp ah,0ah
       jb dsp_c2
       add ah,7h
dsp_c2:add ah,30h
       mov [si+1h],ah
       pop ax
       push ax
       shr al,1h
       shr al,1h
       shr al,1h
       shr al,1h
       and al,0fh
       cmp al,0ah
       jb dsp_c3
       add al,7h
dsp_c3:add al,30h
       mov [si+2h],al
       pop ax
       push ax
       and al,0fh
       cmp al,0ah
       jb dsp_c4
       add al,7h
dsp_c4:add al,30h
       mov [si+3h],al
       pop ax
;--------------------
       mov ax,cpy_fat1_fat2_2_L16
       mov si,offset dsp_cpy_fat1_fat2_dat2
       push ax
       shr ah,1h
       shr ah,1h
       shr ah,1h
       shr ah,1h
       and ah,0fh
       cmp ah,0ah
       jb dsp_c5
       add ah,7h
dsp_c5:add ah,30h
       mov [si+0],ah
       pop ax
       push ax
       and ah,0fh
       cmp ah,0ah
       jb dsp_c6
       add ah,7h
dsp_c6:add ah,30h
       mov [si+1h],ah
       pop ax
       push ax
       shr al,1h
       shr al,1h
       shr al,1h
       shr al,1h
       and al,0fh
       cmp al,0ah
       jb dsp_c7
       add al,7h
dsp_c7:add al,30h
       mov [si+2h],al
       pop ax
       push ax
       and al,0fh
       cmp al,0ah
       jb dsp_c8
       add al,7h
dsp_c8:add al,30h
       mov [si+3h],al
       pop ax
       ;--------------
       mov dx,offset dsp_cpy_fat1_fat2_dat
       mov ah,09h
       int 21h

       pop di
       pop si
       popf
       pop dx
       pop cx
       pop bx
       pop ax
       ret
dsp_cpy_fat1_fat2 endp
tests proc near
;测试dos_start_c~nc-1柱面坏道,并将结果记录在testhd中
;每个字节对一个柱面,"31H"表示坏柱
       push ax
       push bx
       push cx
       push dx
       pushf
       push si
       push di

       mov ah,00h ;硬盘复位