mitron3.02.txt

rtai-3.1-test3的源代码(Real-Time Application Interface )

        del_mpl [E]     Delete Variable-Size Memorypool
        del_por [EN]    Delete Port for Rendezvous
        del_sem [EN]    Delete Semaphore
        del_tsk [EN]    Delete Task
        dis_dsp [R]     Disable Dispatch
        dis_int [C]     Disable Interrupt
        dly_tsk [S]     Delay Task
        ena_dsp [R]     Enable Dispatch
        ena_int [C]     Enable Interrupt
        exd_tsk [E]     Exit and Delete Task
        ext_tsk [S]     Exit Issuing Task
        frsm_tsk [EN]   Forcibly Resume Suspended Task
        fwd_por [E]     Forward Rendezvous to Other Port
        get_blf [E]     Get Fixed-Size Memory Block
        get_blk [E]     Get Variable-Size Memory Block
        get_tid [S]     Get Task Identifier
        get_tim [S]     Get System Clock
        get_ver [R]     Get Version Information
        loc_cpu [R]     Lock CPU
        nget_nod [SN]   Get Local Node Number
        nget_ver [SN]   Get Version Information of another Node
        nrea_dat [SN]   Read Data from another Node
        nwri_dat [SN]   Write Data to another Node
        pacp_por [E]    Poll and Accept Port for Rendezvous
        pcal_por [EN]   Poll and Call Port for Rendezvous
        pget_blf [E]    Poll and Get Fixed-Size Memory Block
        pget_blk [E]    Poll and Get Variable-Size Memory Block
        pol_flg [SN]    Wait for Eventflag (Polling)
        prcv_mbf [EN]   Poll and Receive Message from MessageBuffer
        prcv_msg [S]    Poll and Receive Message from Mailbox
        preq_sem [RN]   Poll and Request Semaphore
        psnd_mbf [EN]   Poll and Send Message to MessageBuffer
        rcv_mbf [EN]    Receive Message from MessageBuffer
        rcv_msg [S]     Receive Message from Mailbox
        ref_alm [E]     Reference Alarm Handler Status
        ref_cfg [C]     Reference Configuration Information
        ref_cyc [E]     Reference Cyclic Handler Status
        ref_flg [EN]    Reference Eventflag Status
        ref_iXX [C]     Reference Interrupt Mask (Level or Priority)
        ref_mbf [EN]    Reference MessageBuffer Status
        ref_mbx [E]     Reference Mailbox Status
        ref_mpf [E]     Reference Fixed-Size Memorypool Status
        ref_mpl [E]     Reference Variable-Size Memorypool Status
        ref_por [EN]    Reference Port Status
        ref_sem [EN]    Reference System Status
        ref_sys [E]     Reference Semaphore Status
        ref_tsk [EN]    Reference Task Status
        rel_blf [E]     Release Fixed-Size Memory Block
        rel_blk [E]     Release Variable-Size Memory Block
        rel_wai [SN]    Release Wait of Other Task
        ret_int [R]     Return from Interrupt Handler
        ret_tmr [E]     Return from Timer Handler
        ret_wup [E]     Return and Wakeup Task
        rot_rdq [S]     Rotate Tasks on the Ready Queue
        rpl_rdv [E]     Reply Rendezvous
        rsm_tsk [SN]    Resume Suspended Task
        set_flg [SN]    Set Eventflag
        set_tim [S]     Set System Clock
        sig_sem [RN]    Signal Semaphore
        slp_tsk [R]     Sleep Task
        snd_mbf [EN]    Send Message to MessageBuffer
        snd_msg [S]     Send Message to Mailbox
        sta_tsk [SN]    Start Task
        sus_tsk [SN]    Suspend Other Task
        tacp_por [E]    Accept Port for Rendezvous with Timeout
        tcal_por [EN]   Call Port for Rendezvous with Timeout
        ter_tsk [SN]    Terminate Other Task
        tget_blf [E]    Get Fixed-Size Memory Block with Timeout
        tget_blk [E]    Get Variable-Size Memory Block with Timeout
        trcv_mbf [EN]   Receive Message from MessageBuffer with Timeout
        trcv_msg [E]    Receive Message from Mailbox with Timeout
        tslp_tsk [E]    Sleep Task with Timeout
        tsnd_mbf [EN]   Send Message to MessageBuffer with Timeout
        twai_flg [EN]   Wait on Eventflag with Timeout
        twai_sem [EN]   Wait on Semaphore with Timeout
        unl_cpu [R]     Unlock CPU
        wai_flg [SN]    Wait on Eventflag
        wai_sem [RN]    Wait on Semaphore
        wup_tsk [RN]    Wakeup Other Task

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*****                                                                  *****
*****  Chapter 1 Basic Philosophy of the ITRON and uITRON 3.0          *****
*****            Specification                                         *****
*****                                                                  *****
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***    1.1 The TRON Project                                              ***
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The first microprocessor was born early in 1970's, but advances have been
rapid and it is used increasingly in many fields.  One day countless
microprocessors will surround us in our everyday lives, communicating with
each other and performing distributed processing, thereby helping to provide a
more comfortable living environment for us all.

Unfortunately, it is hard to say that today's computer technology meets
these demands.  This is largely due to the fact that even today's
computer architecture continues to use designs from a period when hardware
resources were insufficient, such that many computer subsystems are now being
strained to their limit.  If semiconductor technology continues to advance at
its present rate, the gap between computer resources and architecture will
continue to grow even greater, with the fear that it will eventually
become impossible to utilize full hardware performance.  Computer
systems are becoming highly unbalanced under the increasing demands from
applied fields for greater top-down capabilities, despite the bottom-up
improvements to performance gained through advances in semiconductor
technology, all because of the old architecture that exists in between.  There
is a need for a new computer architecture targeted for the 1990's and early
21st century which utilizes the most advanced VLSI technology to respond to the
growing demands of application fields.

The TRON Project, begun in June 1984, is intended to resolve the current
problems associated with computer architecture by starting over to produce a
completely new computer design integrated at every level from microprocessors
to applications.  The TRON Project advocates a completely new architecture
free from the restriction of compatibility with conventional architectures -
an architecture designed based on predicted advances in VLSI technology
through the 1990's into the early 21st century with the demands of future
computer users and application fields in mind.  This architecture design
emphasizes real-time computing, is built based on the most advanced VLSI
technology available and utilizes distributed processing as much as possible.
It is intended as an industry standard for the 1990's and early 21st century.

The TRON Project expands the definition of "architecture" set forth by G.M.
Amdahl to mean system attributes at all levels including the operating system
(OS) and human-machine interface, not just hardware specifications used by
programmers.

The fundamental concept behind the TRON Project is as follows:

  - To develop a design assuming the technological standard of the 1990s
    through the early 21st century.
        Most computer architectures of today are held back by having to remain
        compatible with systems of the past, and are not able to fully meet
        the demands of new application fields in which computers are being
        used.   The TRON Project aims at producing a standard which can be
        used into the future, by giving emphasis on compatibility with future
        systems rather than past systems.

  - To emphasize the concept of open architecture.
        The result of the TRON Project is made publicly available in the
        form of specification documents so that anyone may freely use the
        information.  The concept of "open architecture" is very important
        for projects to make a standard specification.   On the other hand,
        the rights of the various products which may be developed based on
        this standard belong to the product developers.

  - To presume real-time processing.
        The method of using conventional computers, which often use batch
        processing or TSS processing, is such that the user waits for the
        computer.  However, as computers work their way into our everyday
        lives many will be used to control our external environment to make
        our lives more comfortable.  In this case the computer will have to
        wait for the user (or for some other stimulus from the external
        environment).  This is the essence of real-time processing.  The real-
        time element is vital in other applications such as distributed
        processing and communications as well.  The TRON Project presumes that
        real-time processing is vital, and the rest of the design proceeds
        from there.

  - To achieve a total architecture by designing all layers of computer
    systems simultaneously.
        Under the TRON Project, a unified architecture is designed
        simultaneously for all levels, from the microprocessor to applications.
        This makes it possible to utilize broad-based design feedback such
        that new microprocessor instructions can be implemented when
        bottlenecks are found in the OS, or to add system calls to the OS when
        it is found they are required during the development of an application.
        Because whole computer system is tuned across layers in this way at
        the design stage, it is possible to greatly increase the performance
        of the application program and this is the most important requirements.

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***    1.2 TRON Subprojects                                              ***
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Many subprojects are being worked on simultaneously within the overall TRON
Project.  These subprojects can be classified into two main types: fundamental
subprojects related to research and development of the components necessary to
construct a computer system, and application subprojects for clarifying the
demands of application fields.

The lowest layer of the fundamental subprojects is work on the TRON-
specification microprocessor to be designed using advanced architecture
presuming the state of the art in semiconductor technology.  The TRON-
specification microprocessor is intended as the best microprocessor for
running applications and operating systems of the 1990's and early 21st
century.  Three operating system specifications are developed for different
application fields: ITRON (Industrial TRON)--a real-time OS for embedded
systems, BTRON (Business TRON)--an OS for personal computers and workstations,
and CTRON (Communication and Central TRON)--an OS for large mainframes
handling large-scale data processing and communications control.  The reason
for dividing the OS into three based on application requirements was
because it is considered to be impossible for a single OS to meet all the
requirements of embedded OS computers, personal computers/workstations, and
large mainframes.  In addition to these three operating systems, there is also
MTRON (Macro TRON) which allows the dynamic networking of multiple ITRON,
BTRON and CTRON-based machines, and provides an interface with the external
environment in which we humans live.  At the highest layer, MTRON provides
a standardized user interface.  Note that the TRON Project is not just limited
in scope to computers, but also seeks to standardize the operation of all
electronic devices.

In the application subprojects of TRON Project, the prototype of living
environment managed by high-level computer control is actually build.
Subprojects for building intelligent house, intelligent building, and
intelligent city are being conducted so as to closely investigate the
requirements of such a system.

A major feature of the TRON Project is that architecture and implementation
have been separated from each other.  Making this clear division gives the
advantage that even if an implementation below a given layer needs to be
completely changed, higher level specifications can continue to be used
without modification.  In other words, compatibility is maintained at each
separate layer.  Another important aspect of the TRON Project is that while
specifications concerning architecture are prescribed, none are prescribed
concerning implementation or performance.  This is left to be decided through
free-market competition among developers.  From a user's standpoint, products
will all appear to operate in the same manner, but differ in terms of their
performance.  This will make many levels of products available depending on
differences among manufacturers and differences in development cycles.  In
essence, the TRON Project provides common ground for fair technological
competition through standardization.

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***    1.3 Multitasking, Real-time Operating Systems                     ***
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