Since the 1990s the EU has been pursuing climate change mitigation targets. Following the international commitment to the legally binding greenhouse gas reduction under the Kyoto Protocol, the 2020 policy package consists of a set of binding legislation to ensure that the EU meets its climate and energy targets for the year 2020. The package sets three key targets: 20% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions (from 1990 levels), 20% of EU energy from renewables (as well as a 10% target for renewable fuels) and 20% improvement in energy efficiency. The targets were set by EU leaders in 2007 and enacted in legislation in 2009 3 . they are also headline targets of the Europe 2020 strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth.
标签： Preparatory Ecodesign Study
上传时间： 2020-06-06
上传用户：shancjb
GaN is an already well implanted semiconductor technology, widely diffused in the LED optoelectronics industry. For about 10 years, GaN devices have also been developed for RF wireless applications where they can replace Silicon transistors in some selected systems. That incursion in the RF field has open the door to the power switching capability in the lower frequency range and thus to the power electronic applications. Compared to Silicon, GaN exhibits largely better figures for most of the key specifications: Electric field, energy gap, electron mobility and melting point. Intrinsically, GaN could offer better performance than Silicon in terms of: breakdown voltage, switching frequency and Overall systems efficiency.
标签： GaN-on-Si Displace and SiC Si
上传时间： 2020-06-07
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Battery systems for energy storage are among the most relevant technologies of the 21 st century. they – in particular modern lithium-ion batteries (LIB) – are enablers for the market success of electric vehicles (EV) as well as for stationary energy storage solutions for balancing fluctuations in electricity grids resulting from the integrationofrenewableenergysourceswithvolatilesupply 1 .BothEVandstationary storage solutions are important because they foster the transition from the usage of fossil energy carriers towards cleaner renewable energy sources. Furthermore, EV cause less local air pollution and noise emissions compared to conventional combustion engine vehicles resulting in better air quality especially in urban areas. Unfortunately, to this day, various technological and economic challenges impede a broad application of batteries for EV as well as for large scale energy storage and load leveling in electricity grids.
标签： Multiscale Simulation Approach
上传时间： 2020-06-07
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This book deals with a very important problem in power system planning for countries in which hydrogeneration accounts for the greatest part of the system power production. During the past thirty years many techniques have been developed to cope with the long-term operation of hydro reser- voirs. These techniques have been discussed in a number of publications, but they have not until now been documented in book form.
标签： Long-Term Operation Optimal
上传时间： 2020-06-07
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The continuous progress in modern power device technology is increasingly supported by power-specific modeling methodologies and dedicated simulation tools. These enable the detailed analysis of operational principles on the the device and on the system level; in particular, they allow the designer to perform trade- off studies by investigating the operation of competing design variants in a very early stage of the development process. Furthermore, using predictive computer simulation makes it possible to analyze the device and system behavior not only under regularoperatingconditions, but also at the rim of the safe-operatingarea and beyond of it, where destructive processes occur that limit the lifetime of a power system.
标签： POWERHVMOS_Devices_Compact_Modeli ng
上传时间： 2020-06-07
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For many years prior to the 1970s, engineers designed and built switch mode power supplies (SMPSs) using methods based largely on intuitive and exper- imentally derived techniques. In general, these power supplies were able to achieve their primary goal of high-efficiency power conversion; unfortu- nately, due to the lack of adequate theoretical analysis techniques, many of these power supplies only marginally met their desired performance require- ments. In many cases, they were considered to be unreliable.
标签： Supplies Switch Power Mode
上传时间： 2020-06-07
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Switched systems are embedded devices widespread in industrial applications such as power electronics and automotive control. they consist of continuous-time dynamical subsystems and a rule that controls the switching between them. Under a suitable control rule, the system can improve its steady-state performance and meet essential properties, such as safety and stability, in desirable operating zones.
标签： Invariance Switching Analysis1 Systems by
上传时间： 2020-06-07
上传用户：shancjb
Modern power systems involve large amount of investment. An electric power system comprises of generation, transmission, and distribution of electric energy. Growth of power systems has led to very complex networks extended across large areas. In such situations, the proper functioning of a modern power system is heavily dependent upon the healthy operation of the transmission lines within it. Transmission lines are used to transmit a huge amount of power over a long distance. But as these lines are located in the open atmosphere, they are highly affected by different types of abnormal conditions or faults.
标签： Transmission Protection Line
上传时间： 2020-06-07
上传用户：shancjb
To a quantum mechanic the whole universe is one godawful big interacting wavefunction ? but to the rest of us, it’s a world full of separate and distinguishable objects that hurt us when we kick them. At a few months of age, human children recognize objects, expect them to be permanent and move continuously, and display surprise when they aren’t or don’t. We associate visual, tactile, and in some cases audible and olfactory sensations with identifiable physical things. We’re hardwired to understand our environment as being composed of separable things with specific properties and locations. We understand the world in terms of what was where when.
上传时间： 2020-06-08
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Sound is simply an airborne version of vibration. The air which carries sound is a mixture of gases. In gases, the molecules contain so much energy that they break free from their neighbors and rush around at high speed. As Figure 1.1(a) shows, the innumerable elastic collisions of these high-speed molecules produce pressure on the walls of any gas container. If left undisturbed in a container at a constant temperature, eventually the pressure throughout would be constant and uniform.
标签： Engineering Audio
上传时间： 2020-06-09
上传用户：shancjb
