Second-generation telecommunication systems, such as the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), enabled voice traffic to go wireless: the number of mobile phones exceeds the number of landline phones and the mobile phone penetration is approaching 100% in several markets. The data-handling capabilities of second-generation systems are limited, however, and third-generation systems are needed to provide the high bit-rate services that enable high-quality images and video to be transmitted and received, and to provide access to the Web with higher data rates.
标签： Evolution WCDMA UMTS HSPA LTE for and
上传时间： 2020-06-01
上传用户：shancjb
The use of optical free-space emissions to provide indoor wireless commu- nications has been studied extensively since the pioneering work of Gfeller and Bapst in 1979 [1]. These studies have been invariably interdisciplinary in- volving such far flung areas such as optics design‚ indoor propagation studies‚ electronics design‚ communications systems design among others. The focus of this text is on the design of communications systems for indoor wireless optical channels. Signalling techniques developed for wired fibre optic net- works are seldom efficient since they do not consider the bandwidth restricted nature of the wireless optical channel.
标签： Communication Wireless Optical Systems
上传时间： 2020-06-01
上传用户：shancjb
Mobile radio communications are evolving from pure telephony systems to multimedia platforms offering a variety of services ranging from simple file transfers and audio and video streaming, to interactive applications and positioning tasks. Naturally, these services have different constraints concerning data rate, delay, and reliability (quality-of-service (QoS)). Hence, future mobile radio systems have to provide a large flexibility and scal- ability to match these heterogeneous requirements.
标签： Communications Wireless Channels MIMO over
上传时间： 2020-06-01
上传用户：shancjb
The goal of this book is to introduce the simulation methods necessary to describe the behaviour of semiconductor devices during an electrostatic discharge (ESD). The challenge of this task is the correct description of semiconductor devices under very high current density and high temperature transients. As it stands, the book can be no more than a snapshot and a summary of the research in this field during the past few years. The authors hope that the book will provide the basis for further development of simulation methods at this current frontier of device physics.
标签： Development Protection ESD
上传时间： 2020-06-05
上传用户：shancjb
This paper reviews key factors to practical ESD protection design for RF and analog/mixed-signal (AMS) ICs, including general challenges emerging, ESD-RFIC interactions, RF ESD design optimization and prediction, RF ESD design characterization, ESD-RFIC co-design technique, etc. Practical design examples are discussed. It means to provide a systematic and practical design flow for whole-chip ESD protection design optimization and prediction for RF/AMS ICs to ensure 1 st Si design success.
标签： ESD_protection_for_RF_and_AMS_ICs
上传时间： 2020-06-05
上传用户：shancjb
Over the past few decades there has been an exponential growth in service robots and smart home technologies, which has led to the development of exciting new products in our daily lives. Service robots can be used to provide domestic aid for the elderly and disabled, serving various functions ranging from cleaning to enter- tainment. Service robots are divided by functions, such as personal robots, field robots, security robots, healthcare robots, medical robots, rehabilitation robots and entertainment robots. A smart home appears “intelligent” because its embedded computers can monitor so many aspects of the daily lives of householders. For example, the refrigerator may be able to monitor its contents, suggest healthy alter- natives and order groceries. Also, the smart home system may be able to clean the house and water the plants.
标签： Robotics Service Digital within Home the
上传时间： 2020-06-06
上传用户：shancjb
District energy (DE) systems use central heating and/or cooling facilities to provide heating and/or cooling services for communities. The advantages of district energy over conventional heating and cooling include improved efficiency, reliability and safety, reduced environmental impact, and for many situations better economics. DE systems can be particularly beneficial when integrated with cogeneration plants for electricity and heat, i.e., with combined heat and power (CHP) plants. One of the main impediments to increased use of cogeneration-based district energy is a lack of understanding of the behavior of integrated forms of such systems. This book is aimed at providing information on district energy and cogeneration tech- nologies, as well as systems that combine them.
标签： Cogeneration District Systems Energy and
上传时间： 2020-06-07
上传用户：shancjb
Electric distribution networks are critical parts of power delivery systems. In recent years, many new technologies and distributed energy resources have been inte- grated into these networks. To provide electricity at the possible lowest cost and at required quality, long-term planning is essential for these networks. In distribution planning, optimal location and size of necessary upgrades are determined to satisfy the demand and the technical requirements of the loads and to tackle uncertainties associated with load and distributed energy resources.
标签： Distribution Electric Planning Network
上传时间： 2020-06-07
上传用户：shancjb
Since the original publication of Manual 74 in 1991, and the preceding “Guidelines for Transmission Line Structural Loading” in 1984, the understanding of structural loadings on transmission line structures has broadened signifi cantly. However, improvements in computational capa- bility have enabled the transmission line engineer to more easily deter- mine structural loadings without properly understanding the parameters that affect these loads. Many seasoned professionals have expressed concern for the apparent lack of recent information on the topic of struc- tural loadings as new engineers enter this industry. The Committee on Electrical Transmission Structures is charged with the responsibility to report, evaluate, and provide loading requirements of transmission struc- tures. This task committee was therefore formed to update and revise the 1991 manual.
标签： Transmission Guidelines Electrical Line for
上传时间： 2020-06-07
上传用户：shancjb
A modern power grid needs to become smarter in order to provide an affordable, reliable, and sustainable supply of electricity. For these reasons, a smart grid is necessary to manage and control the increasingly complex future grid. Certain smart grid elements including renewable energy, storage, microgrid, consumer choice, and smart appliances like electric vehicles increase uncertainty in both supply and demand of electric power.
标签： Intelligent Management Microgrid
上传时间： 2020-06-07
上传用户：shancjb
