We address the problem of blind carrier frequency-offset (CFO) estimation in quadrature amplitude modulation, phase-shift keying, and pulse amplitude modulation communications systems.We study the performance of a standard CFO estimate, which consists of first raising the received signal to the Mth power, where M is an integer depending on the type and size of the symbol constellation, and then applying the nonlinear least squares (NLLS) estimation approach. At low signal-to noise ratio (SNR), the NLLS method fails to provide an accurate CFO estimate because of the presence of outliers. In this letter, we derive an approximate closed-form expression for the outlier probability. This enables us to predict the mean-square error (MSE) on CFO estimation for all SNR values. For a given SNR, the new results also give insight into the minimum number of samples required in the CFO estimation procedure, in order to ensure that the MSE on estimation is not significantly affected by the outliers.
标签： frequency-offset estimation quadrature amplitude
上传时间： 2014-01-22
上传用户：牛布牛
Resampling is the operation of converting from audio represented at one sampling rate to a representation at another sample rate with minimum losses.
标签： represented Resampling converting operation
上传时间： 2013-12-24
上传用户：moshushi0009
NAME Control_AT24Cxx This collection of routines allows an AT89C2051 microcontroller to read and write the AT24Cxx family of serial CMOS EEPROMS. This version of the code is compatible only with the AT89C2051 due to the location of the data buffer and stack in RAM. The code may be modified to work with the AT89C1051 by relocating or resizing the buffer and stack to fit into the smaller amount of RAM available in the AT89C1051. Note that the minimum size of the buffer is determined by the page size of the AT24Cxx.
标签： microcontroller Control_AT collection routines
上传时间： 2013-12-13
上传用户：asddsd
The Funambol J2ME Mail Client aims to be a light, easy to use, free email client for J2ME devices. The first release comes with a simple but effective UI, and a storage limited to the internal RMS only. This makes the application compatible with most of the phones around (minimum requirements are: MIDP2.0, CLDC 1.0, 512k of Storage). The mail synchronization using SyncML 1.2 over HTTP, thus removing any problem related to the access to IMAP or POP ports. The mail client synchonizes its address book with the one on the server, Its design is modular and can be extended in future with other mail protocols, a more sophisticated UI and access to the phone s AddressBook or filesystem for the devices allowing this. See the javadoc for more information on the structure of the library.
标签： J2ME Funambol devices Client
上传时间： 2014-01-05
上传用户：gououo
When working with mathematical simulations or engineering problems, it is not unusual to handle curves that contains thousands of points. Usually, displaying all the points is not useful, a number of them will be rendered on the same pixel since the screen precision is finite. Hence, you use a lot of resource for nothing! This article presents a fast 2D-line approximation algorithm based on the Douglas-Peucker algorithm (see [1]), well-known in the cartography community. It computes a hull, scaled by a tolerance factor, around the curve by choosing a minimum of key points. This algorithm has several advantages: 这是一个基于Douglas-Peucker算法的二维估值算法。
标签： mathematical engineering simulations problems
上传时间： 2013-12-20
上传用户：changeboy
// // Histogram Sample // This sample shows how to use the Sample Grabber filter for video image processing. // Conceptual background: // A histogram is just a frequency count of every pixel value in the image. // There are various well-known mathematical operations that you can perform on an image // using histograms, to enhance the image, etc. // Histogram stretch (aka automatic gain control): // Stretches the image histogram to fill the entire range of values. This is a "point operation," // meaning each pixel is scaled to a new value, without examining the neighboring pixels. The // histogram stretch does not actually require you to calculate the full histogram. The scaling factor // is calculated from the minimum and maximum values in the image.
标签： Sample Histogram Grabber sample
上传时间： 2013-12-15
上传用户：ryb
北京大学ACM比赛题目 Consider an infinite full binary search tree (see the figure below), the numbers in the nodes are 1, 2, 3, .... In a subtree whose root node is X, we can get the minimum number in this subtree by repeating going down the left node until the last level, and we can also find the maximum number by going down the right node. Now you are given some queries as "What are the minimum and maximum numbers in the subtree whose root node is X?" Please try to find answers for there queries.
标签： the Consider infinite numbers
上传时间： 2013-12-16
上传用户：日光微澜
KMEANS Trains a k means cluster model.CENTRES = KMEANS(CENTRES, DATA, OPTIONS) uses the batch K-means algorithm to set the centres of a cluster model. The matrix DATA represents the data which is being clustered, with each row corresponding to a vector. The sum of squares error function is used. The point at which a local minimum is achieved is returned as CENTRES.
标签： CENTRES KMEANS OPTIONS cluster
上传时间： 2014-01-07
上传用户：zhouli
包括使用修正Gram-Schmit算法实现QR分解，自编LU分解、利用幂法和反幂法计算矩阵最大和最小特征值的程序。例外附有使用这些算法的例子供参考。 QR decomposition algorithm based on modified Gram-Schmit LU decomposition algorithm algorithm used to find maximum and minimum eigenvalue based on power and inverse power method and some examples are also included.
标签： Gram-Schmit 正 分解 算法
上传时间： 2016-09-07
上传用户：cooran
The main features of the considered identification problem are that there is no an a priori separation of the variables into inputs and outputs and the approximation criterion, called misfit, does not depend on the model representation. The misfit is defined as the minimum of the l2-norm between the given time series and a time series that is consistent with the approximate model. The misfit is equal to zero if and only if the model is exact and the smaller the misfit is (by definition) the more accurate the model is. The considered model class consists of all linear time-invariant systems of bounded complexity and the complexity is specified by the number of inputs and the smallest number of lags in a difference equation representation. We present a Matlab function for approximate identification based on misfit minimization. Although the problem formulation is representation independent, we use input/state/output representations of the system in order
标签： identification considered features separati
上传时间： 2016-09-20
上传用户：FreeSky
