Digital convergence, in recent history, has been prevalentin the consumer equipment domain and the designengineers in this area have been struggling with a plethoraof emerging standards and protocols. WHAT lessons can welearn from their struggle? The same dilemmas now existin in-vehicle telematics and infotainment systems but withthe added issues of extremes of temperature, safety,security, and time in market.
上传时间： 2014-12-23
上传用户：9牛10
Recent advances in low voltage silicon germaniumand BiCMOS processes have allowed the design andproduction of very high speed amplifi ers. Because theprocesses are low voltage, most of the amplifi er designshave incorporated differential inputs and outputs to regainand maximize total output signal swing. Since many lowvoltageapplications are single-ended, the questions arise,“How can I use a differential I/O amplifi er in a single-endedapplication?” and “WHAT are the implications of suchuse?” This Design Note addresses some of the practicalimplications and demonstrates specifi c single-endedapplications using the 3GHz gain-bandwidth LTC6406differential I/O amplifi er.
上传时间： 2013-11-23
上传用户：rocketrevenge
PCB设计问题集锦 问：PCB图中各种字符往往容易叠加在一起，或者相距很近，当板子布得很密时，情况更加严重。当我用Verify Design进行检查时，会产生错误，但这种错误可以忽略。往往这种错误很多，有几百个，将其他更重要的错误淹没了，如何使Verify Design会略掉这种错误，或者在众多的错误中快速找到重要的错误。 答：可以在颜色显示中将文字去掉,不显示后再检查;并记录错误数目。但一定要检查是否真正属于不需要的文字。 问： WHAT’s mean of below warning:(6230,8330 L1) Latium Rule not checked: COMPONENT U26 component rule.答：这是有关制造方面的一个检查，您没有相关设定，所以可以不检查。 问： 怎样导出jop文件？答：应该是JOB文件吧？低版本的powerPCB与PADS使用JOB文件。现在只能输出ASC文件，方法如下STEP：FILE/EXPORT/选择一个asc名称/选择Select ALL/在Format下选择合适的版本/在Unit下选Current比较好/点击OK/完成然后在低版本的powerPCB与PADS产品中Import保存的ASC文件，再保存为JOB文件。 问： 怎样导入reu文件？答：在ECO与Design 工具盒中都可以进行，分别打开ECO与Design 工具盒，点击右边第2个图标就可以。 问： 为什么我在pad stacks中再设一个via:1(如附件）和默认的standardvi(如附件）在布线时V选择1，怎么布线时按add via不能添加进去这是怎么回事，因为有时要使用两种不同的过孔。答：PowerPCB中有多个VIA时需要在Design Rule下根据信号分别设置VIA的使用条件，如电源类只能用Standard VIA等等，这样操作时就比较方便。详细设置方法在PowerPCB软件通中有介绍。 问：为什么我把On-line DRC设置为prevent..移动元时就会弹出(图2),而你们教程中也是这样设置怎么不会呢?答：首先这不是错误,出现的原因是在数据中没有BOARD OUTLINE.您可以设置一个,但是不使用它作为CAM输出数据. 问：我用ctrl+c复制线时怎设置原点进行复制，ctrl+v粘帖时总是以最下面一点和最左边那一点为原点 答： 复制布线时与上面的MOVE MODE设置没有任何关系,需要在右键菜单中选择,这在PowerPCB软件通教程中有专门介绍. 问：用(图4)进行修改线时拉起时怎总是往左边拉起(图5)，不知有什么办法可以轻易想拉起左就左，右就右。答： 具体条件不明,请检查一下您的DESIGN GRID,是否太大了. 问： 好不容易拉起右边但是用(图6)修改线怎么改怎么下面都会有一条不能和在一起，而你教程里都会好好的(图8)答：这可能还是与您的GRID 设置有关,不过没有问题,您可以将不需要的那段线删除.最重要的是需要找到布线的感觉,每个软件都不相同,所以需要多练习。 问： 尊敬的老师:您好！这个图已经画好了，但我只对（如图1）一种的完全间距进行检查，怎么错误就那么多，不知怎么改进。请老师指点。这个图在附件中请老师帮看一下，如果还有什么问题请指出来，本人在改进。谢！！！！！答：请注意您的DRC SETUP窗口下的设置是错误的,现在选中的SAME NET是对相同NET进行检查,应该选择NET TO ALL.而不是SAME NET有关各项参数的含义请仔细阅读第5部教程. 问： U101元件已建好，但元件框的拐角处不知是否正确，请帮忙CHECK 答：元件框等可以通过修改编辑来完成。问： U102和U103元件没建完全，在自动建元件参数中有几个不明白：如：SOIC--》silk screen栏下spacing from pin与outdent from first pin对应U102和U103元件应写什么数值，还有这两个元件SILK怎么自动设置，以及SILK内有个圆圈怎么才能画得与该元件参数一致。 答：Spacing from pin指从PIN到SILK的Y方向的距离,outdent from first pin是第一PIN与SILK端点间的距离.请根据元件资料自己计算。
上传时间： 2013-10-07
上传用户：comer1123
As the performance of many handheld devices approachesthat of laptop computers, design complexity also increases.Chief among them is thermal management—how doyou meet increasing performance demands while keepinga compact and small product cool in the user’s hand?For instance, as battery capacities inevitably increase,charge currents will also increase to maintain or improvetheir charge times. Traditional linear regulator-based batterychargers will not be able to meet the charge currentand effi ciency demands necessary to allow a product torun cool. WHAT is needed is a switching-based chargerthat takes just about the same amount of space as a linearsolution—but without the heat.
上传时间： 2013-11-23
上传用户：lu2767
WHAT would happen if someone connected 24V to your12V circuits? If the power and ground lines were inadvertentlyreversed, would the circuits survive? Does yourapplication reside in a harsh environment, where the inputsupply can ring very high or even below ground? Evenif these events are unlikely, it only takes one to destroya circuit board.
上传时间： 2013-10-25
上传用户：jackandlee
数字信号处理器dsPIC33F集多通道高精度A/D转换、多通讯模式、看门狗、CMOS Flash技术等于一体，其内部可完成所有数据操作，实现总线不出芯片技术。将该处理器应用于微机保护装置，提出基于dsPIC33F微处理器的微机保护装置的设计方案，给出相应的接口电路与软件流程。该设计方案结构简单，性价比及可靠性高，开发周期短，具有一定的实用推广价值。所研制的微机保护装置现场运行效果良好。 Abstract: The dsPIC33F microprocessor has a plentiful interior resource which contains multi-channel，high precision A/D converters，multi-communication module，watchdog，CMOS Flash technology，and so on.All data manipulations is accomplished interiorly.WHAT is more，it makes the technology that bus does not go beyond the chip comes into practice.The paper put forwards a design scheme based on dsPIC33F microprocessor.The scheme has the advantages of simple structure，high reliability and shortened exploitation cycle.WHAT is more，it has definite practicality and reference.The microcomputer protection device has been put into operation with excellent effects.
上传时间： 2013-11-16
上传用户：开怀常笑
WHAT is New in C51 Version 8.18[Device Support]Added debug support for the NXP P89LPC9408 in the LPC900 EPM Emulator/Programmer.[New Supported Device]Nuvoton W681308 device.[New Supported Device]NXP P89LPC9201, P89LPC9211, P89LPC922A1, P89LPC9241, P89LPC9251, P89LPC9301, P89LPC931A1, P89LPC9331, P89LPC9341, and P89LPC9351 devices.[New Supported Device]SiLabs C8051F500, C8051F501, C8051F504, C8051F505, C8051F506, C8051F507, C8051F508, C8051F509, C8051F510, and C8051F511 devices.[ULINK2 Support]Corrected potential deadlock on ST uPSD targets.[Device Simulation]Corrected simulation of Infineon XC800 MDU.[Device Simulation]Corrected behaviour of EXFn and TOGn on SiLabs C8051F12x/F13x devices.[Device Simulation]Added simulation for Atmel AT89C51RE2, including simulation of second UART.[Cx51 Compiler]Corrected failed initialization on far addresses when the object is located with _at_. 本资料仅供学习评估之用,请勿用于商业用途!请在学习评估24小时内删除.
上传时间： 2013-11-01
上传用户：panpanpan
Internal Interrupts are used to respond to asynchronous requests from a certain part of themicrocontroller that needs to be serviced. Each peripheral in the TriCore as well as theBus Control Unit, the Debug Unit, the Peripheral Control Processor (PCP) and the CPUitself can generate an Interrupt Request.So WHAT is an external Interrupt?An external Interrupt is something alike as the internal Interrupt. The difference is that anexternal Interrupt request is caused by an external event. Normally this would be a pulseon Port0 or Port1, but it can be even a signal from the input buffer of the SSC, indicatingthat a service is requested.The User’s Manual does not explain this aspect in detail so this ApNote will explain themost common form of an external Interrupt request. This ApNote will show that there is aneasy way to react on a pulse on Port0 or Port1 and to create with this impulse an InterruptService Request. Later in the second part of the document, you can find hints on how todebounce impulses to enable the use of a simple switch as the input device.Note: You will find additional information on how to setup the Interrupt System in theApNote “First steps through the TriCore Interrupt System” (AP3222xx)1. It would gobeyond the scope of this document to explain this here, but you will find selfexplanatoryexamples later on.
上传时间： 2013-10-26
上传用户：zhangyigenius
计算机部件要具有通用性，适应不同系统与不同用户的需求，设计必须模块化。计算机部件产品(模块)供应出现多元化。模块之间的联接关系要标准化，使模块具有通用性。模块设计必须基于一种大多数厂商认可的模块联接关系，即一种总线标准。总线的标准总线是一类信号线的集合是模块间传输信息的公共通道，通过它，计算机各部件间可进行各种数据和命令的传送。为使不同供应商的产品间能够互换，给用户更多的选择，总线的技术规范要标准化。总线的标准制定要经周密考虑，要有严格的规定。总线标准（技术规范）包括以下几部分：机械结构规范：模块尺寸、总线插头、总线接插件以及按装尺寸均有统一规定。功能规范：总线每条信号线（引脚的名称）、功能以及工作过程要有统一规定。电气规范：总线每条信号线的有效电平、动态转换时间、负载能力等。总线的发展情况S-100总线：产生于1975年，第一个标准化总线，为微计算机技术发展起到了推动作用。IBM-PC个人计算机采用总线结构（Industry Standard Architecture, ISA)并成为工业化的标准。先后出现8位ISA总线、16位ISA总线以及后来兼容厂商推出的EISA（Extended ISA)32位ISA总线。为了适应微处理器性能的提高及I/O模块更高吞吐率的要求，出现了VL-Bus(VESA Local Bus)和PCI(Peripheral Component Interconnect,PCI）总线。适合小型化要求的PCMCIA(Personal Computer Memory Card International Association)总线，用于笔记本计算机的功能扩展。总线的指标计算机主机性能迅速提高,各功能模块性能也要相应提高,这对总线性能提出更高的要求。总线主要技术指标有几方面：总线宽度：一次操作可以传输的数据位数，如S100为8位，ISA为16位，EISA为32位，PCI-2可达64位。总线宽度不会超过微处理器外部数据总线的宽度。总数工作频率：总线信号中有一个CLK时钟，CLK越高每秒钟传输的数据量越大。ISA、EISA为8MHz，PCI为33.3MHz, PCI-2可达达66.6MHz。单个数据传输周期：不同的传输方式，每个数据传输所用CLK周期数不同。ISA要2个，PCI用1个CLK周期。这决定总线最高数据传输率。5. 总线的分类与层次系统总线：是微处理器芯片对外引线信号的延伸或映射，是微处理器与片外存储器及I/0接口传输信息的通路。系统总线信号按功能可分为三类：地址总线（Where）：指出数据的来源与去向。地址总线的位数决定了存储空间的大小。系统总线：数据总线（WHAT）提供模块间传输数据的路径，数据总线的位数决定微处理器结构的复杂度及总体性能。控制总线（When）：提供系统操作所必需的控制信号，对操作过程进行控制与定时。扩充总线：亦称设备总线，用于系统I/O扩充。与系统总线工作频率不同，经接口电路对系统总统信号缓冲、变换、隔离，进行不同层次的操作（ISA、EISA、MCA)局部总线：扩充总线不能满足高性能设备（图形、视频、网络）接口的要求，在系统总线与扩充总线之间插入一层总线。由于它经桥接器与系统总线直接相连，因此称之为局部总线（PCI）。
上传时间： 2013-11-08
上传用户：nshark
The CodeWarrior Development Suite provides access and technical support to amultitude of CodeWarrior products. In this quick start guide, Section 1 explains howto register your CodeWarrior Development Suite. Section 2 explains how to activateand install one of your products. Section 3 describes WHAT you are entitled to withthe purchase of your CodeWarrior Development Suite, and Section 4 discusses theavailable purchase options. Section 5 describes the benefits of maintaining a currenttechnical support contract, and Section 6 tells you how to access support.
标签： CodeWarrior 开发套件
上传时间： 2014-03-02
上传用户：784533221
