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Abstract: This tutorial discusses methods for digitally adjusting the output voltage of a DC-DC converter. The digital adjustmentmethods are with a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), a trim pot (digital potentiometer), and PWM output of a microprocessor.Each method is assessed and several DACs and ...

  Who has never experienced oscillations issues when using an operational amplifier? Opampsare often used in a simple voltage follower configuration. However, this is not the bestconfiguration in terms of capacitive loading and potential risk of oscillations.Capacitive loads have a big impa ...

The Reactor design pattern handles service requests that are delivered concurrently to an application by one or more clients. Each service in an application may consist of serveral methods and is represented by a separate event handler that is responsible for dispatching service-specific requests. ...

Power conversion by virtue of its basic role produces harmonics due to theslicing of either voltages or currents. To a large extent the pollution in theutility supply and the deterioration of the power quality has been generatedor created by non-linear converters. It is therefore ironic that power c ...

Calculation of the Differential Impedance of Tracks on FR4 substrates There is a discrepancy between calculated and measured values of impedance for differential transmission lineson FR4. This is especially noticeable in the case of surface microstrip configurations. The anomaly is shown tobe due to ...

Abstract: The rapid build out of today's smart grid raises a number of security questions. In this article,we review two recent well-documented security breaches and a report of a security gap. These situationsinclude a 2009 smart-meter hack in Puerto Rico; a 2012 password discovery in grid di ...

  Photomultipliers (PMT), avalanche photodiodes (APD),ultrasonic transducers, capacitance microphones, radiationdetectors and similar devices require high voltage,low current bias. Additionally, the high voltage must bepristinely free of noise; well under a millivolt is a commonrequirement ...

Analog Inputs and Outputs in an S7 PLC are represented in the PLC as a 16-bit integer. Over the nominal span of the analog input or output, the value of this integer will range between - 27648 and +27648. However, it is easier to use the analog values if they are scaled to the same units and ra ...

生活中许多目标的高度和水平距离需要进行测量。目前主要的测量方法，仍以传统的皮尺丈量为主，测量效率不高，有时还很不方便，没有技术成熟的数字式测高测距产品。以基本的数学方法为理论依据，利用遥控小车做为载体，采用角度传感器测量角度、霍尔传感器测量水平距离等，通过单片机LM3S615进行数据计算，实现了对待测目标 ...

单片机作为一种微型计算机，其内部具有一定的存储单元（8031除外），但由于其内部存储单元及端口有限，很多情况下难以满足实际需求。为此介绍一种新的扩展方法，将数据线与地址线合并使用，通过软件控制的方法实现数据线与地址线功能的分时转换，数据线不仅用于传送数据信号，还可作为地址线、控制线，用于传送地址信号和控 ...