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The dictionary definition of telecommunications is ‘communication over long distance by cable, telegraph, telephone or broadcasting’, but since its initiation over 100yearsagothingshavemovedrapidly.Telecommunicationsisnowaverycomplex industrywithmanydifferentpressures,operatinginahighlydynamic env ...

Once upon a time, cellular wireless networks provided two basic services: voice telephony and low-rate text messaging. Users in the network were separated by orthogonal multiple access schemes, and cells by generous frequency reuse patterns [1]. Since then, the proliferation of wireless services, fi ...

n the first part of this book, we give an introduction to the basic applications of wireless com- munications, as well as the technical problems inherent in this communication paradigm. After a brief history of wireless, Chapter 1 describes the different types of wireless services, and works out the ...

During the past three decades, the world has seen signifi cant changes in the telecom- munications industry. There has been rapid growth in wireless communications, as seen by large expansion in mobile systems. Wireless communications have moved from fi rst-generation (1G) systems primarily focused ...

Mobile radio communications are evolving from pure telephony systems to multimedia platforms offering a variety of services ranging from simple file transfers and audio and video streaming, to interactive applications and positioning tasks. Naturally, these services have different constraints concer ...

The explosion in demand for wireless services experienced over the past 20 years has put significant pressure on system designers to increase the capacity of the systems being deployed. While the spectral resource is very scarce and practically exhausted, the biggest possibilities are predicted to b ...

Electrostatic discharge  (ESD)  events  can  have serious detrimental effects  on  the manufacture  and  performance of microelectronic devices, the systems that contain them,  and  the manufacturing facilities used  to produce them. Submicron d ...

This text, ESD Basics: From Semiconductor Manufacturing to Product Use was initiated on the need to produce a text that addresses fundamentals of electrostatic discharge from the manufacturing environment to today’s products. As the manufacturing world evolves, semi- conductor networks scale, and s ...

Applications of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and microfabrica- tion have spread to different fields of engineering and science in recent years. Perhaps the most exciting development in the application of MEMS technol- ogy has occurred in the biological and biomedical areas. In addition to k ...

The planarization technology of Chemical-Mechanical-Polishing (CMP), used for the manufacturing of multi- level metal interconnects for high-density Integrated Circuits (IC), is also readily adaptable as an enabling technology in MicroElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS) fabrication, particularly polysi ...