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Many times I have been asked to explain “ briefl y ” how SDH, SONET, and the OTN “ exactly ” work. The questions came mainly from new colleagues, stu- dents, and users of these technologies, personally or via the usenet newsgroup comp.dcom.sdh - sonet. I could have referred them to the standards ...

Cooperation has been the subject of intensive study in the social and biological sciences, as well as in mathematics and artificial intelligence. The fundamental finding is that even egoists can sustain cooperation provided the structure of their environment allows for repeated interactions (Axelrod ...

Designing for Networked Communications: Strategies and Development is a book about how we plan, use, and understand the products, dynamic social processes, and tasks upon which depend some of the most vital innovations in the knowledge society—social as well as technological ones. Focusing on vario ...

The new digital radio system DAB (Digital Audio Broadcasting, nowadays often called Digital Radio) is a very innovative and universal multimedia broadcast system which will replace the existing AM and FM audio broadcast services in many parts of the world in the future. It was developed in the 1990s ...

Optical communication technology has been extensively developed over the last 50 years, since the proposed idea by Kao and Hockham [1]. However, only during the last 15 years have the concepts of communication foundation, that is, the modulation and demodulation techniques, been applied. This is pos ...

The General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) allows an end user to send and receive data in packet transfer mode within a public land mobile network (PLMN) without using a permanent connection between the mobile station (MS) and the external network during data transfer. This way, GPRS opti- mizes the us ...

With the advancement of technology and miniaturization of electronic devices, applications of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) can be seen in diverse areas in our lives. In fact, these WSNs have gained a lot of attention from both the research community and industry, making them easily available on t ...

During the past decade, many wireless communication techniques have been developedto achievevariousgoals suchas higherdata rate,morerobustlink quality, and higher number of users in a given bandwidth. For wireless communication systems, depending on the availability of a feedback link, two approache ...

Free Space Optical Communication (FSOC) is an effective alternative technology to meet the Next Generation Network (NGN) demands as well as highly secured (mili- tary) communications. FSOC includes various advantages like last mile access, easy installation, free of Electro Magnetic Interference (EM ...

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