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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//FR"><!-- Converted with LaTeX2HTML 95.1 (Fri Jan 20 1995) --><!-- by Nikos Drakos (nikos@cbl.leeds.ac.uk), CBLU, University of Leeds --><!-- Modified Simulog 03/97 --><HTML><HEAD><TITLE>1.2 Utilization levels</TITLE><LINK REL=STYLESHEET TYPE="text/css" HREF="./Modulef.css" TITLE="Modulef CSS"><meta name="description" value="1.2 Utilization levels"><meta name="keywords" value="Guide2"><meta name="resource-type" value="document"><meta name="distribution" value="global"></HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF"><P> <IMG SRC="../icons/smallmod.gif" WIDTH=211 HEIGHT=50 ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="Modulef"><A NAME=tex2html499 HREF="node6.html"><IMG BORDER=0 ALIGN=BOTTOM SRC="../icons/previous_motif.gif" ALT="previous"></A><A NAME=tex2html505 HREF="node5.html"><IMG BORDER=0 ALIGN=BOTTOM SRC="../icons/up_motif.gif" ALT="up"></A><A NAME=tex2html507 HREF="node8.html"><IMG BORDER=0 ALIGN=BOTTOM SRC="../icons/next_motif.gif" ALT="next"></A><A NAME=tex2html509 HREF="node2.html"><IMG BORDER=0 ALIGN=BOTTOM SRC="../icons/contents_motif.gif" ALT="contents"></A><A NAME=tex2html510 HREF="node58.html"><IMG BORDER=0 ALIGN=BOTTOM SRC="../icons/index_motif.gif" ALT="index"></A><A HREF="../Guide2-18/node7.html"><IMG BORDER=0 SRC="../icons/zoom18.gif" ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="[BIG]"></A><A HREF="../Guide2-14/node7.html"><IMG BORDER=0 SRC="../icons/zoom14.gif" ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="[Normal]"></A><A HREF="../Guide2-10/node7.html"><IMG BORDER=0 SRC="../icons/zoom10.gif" ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="[small]"></A><BR><B> Next: </B> <A NAME=tex2html508 HREF="node8.html">1.3 Free format</A><B>Up: </B> <A NAME=tex2html506 HREF="node5.html">1 General</A><B> Prev: </B> <A NAME=tex2html500 HREF="node6.html">1.1 Introduction</A><B><A HREF="node58.html" >Index</A></B><B><A HREF="node2.html" >Contents</A></B><HR SIZE=3 WIDTH="75%"><H1><A NAME=SECTION03120000000000000000>1.2 Utilization levels</A></H1> <A NAME=424> </A> <A NAME=part1niv> </A><P><P><P>The MODULEF software package consists of a set successive layers(figure <A HREF="node7.html#part1nivfig">1.1</A>).In the same manner in which Fortran is a higher level language than machine language, MODULEF consists of four layers which are situated on top of that of Fortran (also illustrated in [<A HREF="node57.html#guide1"><A NAME=tex2html160 HREF="../Guide1/welcome.html">MODULEF User Guide - 1</A></A>], section 2.2).The layers situated at the highest levels are the easiest to employ, however, for certain problems it is necessary to return to the layers at the lower level.<P><P><A NAME=519> </A><IMG BORDER=0 ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="" SRC="img2.gif"><BR><STRONG>Figure 1.1:</STRONG> Utilization levels<A NAME=part1nivfig> </A><BR><P><P><P><P>In this manner, the user can place him/herself in any of the following situations, listed in the order of increasing difficulty (from highest to lowest levels):<P> <UL><LI> <em> Activate a black box</em>; <LI> Write (or modify) a black box, i.e. <em> activate a processor</em>; <LI> Write (or modify) a processor, i.e. <em> call a module</em>; <LI> Write (or modify) a module, i.e. <em> call an algorithm and a utility</em>; </UL><P>These four situations are described below.<P><P><P><H2><A NAME=SECTION03121000000000000000>1.2.1 Top level: Activating a black box</A></H2><P><P><P>The aim of the black boxes is to hide certain MODULEF details. They often treat very specificproblems and, for this reason, do not form part of the standard MODULEF version. We note, nevertheless, two exceptions:<P> <DL COMPACT><DT>DOMINO<DD> [<A HREF="node57.html#Avignon90">Hassim-Laug 1990</A>] is a knowledge data base system written in LE-LISP and linked to the MODULEF library. It guides the user during the specification of his/her problem, activates the relevant processors automatically, and controls their execution. <FONT color="#B8860B" SIZE=-1><I>(<IMG ALIGN=middle SRC="../icons/foot_motif.gif" ALT="[note]"> The software package, DOMINO, is distributed by the INRIA service, VRI.)</I></FONT> <DT>TOUTXX<DD> activates the usual MODULEF processors via a menu. In fact, this type of utilization does nothide the level immediately below (described hereafter) significantly. <FONT color="#B8860B" SIZE=-1><I>(<IMG ALIGN=middle SRC="../icons/foot_motif.gif" ALT="[note]"> Processor TOUTXX forms part of the MODULEF source code.)</I></FONT><P> </DL><P><P><P><H2><A NAME=SECTION03122000000000000000>1.2.2 Level: Activating a processor</A></H2> <A NAME=part1actiproc> </A><P><P><P>This is the level most often used in MODULEF. It consists of activating one processor after the other (<em> chaining</em> processors).<P>In practice, activating a processor corresponds to executing a program in two steps: in the first step the data is generated interactively; in the second step the computation is performed, without intervention by the user.<P>Each processor performs one well-determined task, for example, mesh construction, specification ofboundary conditions, finding the solution to a system of linear equations, etc.<P>If certain functions are not available, it is up to the user to modify an existing processor him/herself, oreven create a new processor, which consists of calling some <em> modules</em> (section below).<P><P><P><H2><A NAME=SECTION03123000000000000000>1.2.3 Level: Calling a module</A></H2><P><P><P>For a user who wishes to call some modules, MODULEF resembles a classic library of Fortran subroutines. For example, module <b> THELAS</b> is called as follows:<P><P><P>CALL THELAS(M, M, M, NFMAIL, NIMAIL, NFCOOR, NICOOR, ...)<P><P><P>Certain parameters of these subroutines play very important roles:<P> <UL><LI> The super-array<A NAME=475> </A>, M, is used for dynamic storage. This super-array is often specified several times as a parameter as it is used for different types in the module (INTEGER, REAL, DOUBLE PRECISION). Instructions for declaring this super-array are given in section <A HREF="node10.html#part1dyn">1.5</A>. <LI> The Data Structures (DS), enable the transfer of results between modules. Each DS is designated by two integers: <b> NFtysd</b> and <b> NItysd</b>, where <b> tysd</b> is the type of DS (section <A HREF="node11.html#part1sd">1.6</A>). </UL><P><P><P><H2><A NAME=SECTION03124000000000000000>1.2.4 Bottom level: Calling an algorithm and a utility</A></H2> <A NAME=486> </A> <A NAME=487> </A><P><P><P>A module is a subroutine written according to the standards and conventions stipulated in this user guide(section <A HREF="node12.html#part1mod">1.7</A>).In particular, a module calls:<P> <UL><LI> DS management utilities and the dynamic arrays, and <LI> numerical algorithms, written independently of the preceding utilities. </UL><P><P><P>At any of the above levels it is important that the user must be able to enter the data in a simple fashion,hence the notion <em> free format</em> described below.<P><P><P><HR SIZE=3 WIDTH="75%"><IMG SRC="../icons/smallmod.gif" WIDTH=211 HEIGHT=50 ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="Modulef"><A NAME=tex2html499 HREF="node6.html"><IMG BORDER=0 ALIGN=BOTTOM SRC="../icons/previous_motif.gif" ALT="previous"></A><A NAME=tex2html505 HREF="node5.html"><IMG BORDER=0 ALIGN=BOTTOM SRC="../icons/up_motif.gif" ALT="up"></A><A NAME=tex2html507 HREF="node8.html"><IMG BORDER=0 ALIGN=BOTTOM SRC="../icons/next_motif.gif" ALT="next"></A><A NAME=tex2html509 HREF="node2.html"><IMG BORDER=0 ALIGN=BOTTOM SRC="../icons/contents_motif.gif" ALT="contents"></A><A NAME=tex2html510 HREF="node58.html"><IMG BORDER=0 ALIGN=BOTTOM SRC="../icons/index_motif.gif" ALT="index"></A><A HREF="../Guide2-18/node7.html"><IMG BORDER=0 SRC="../icons/zoom18.gif" ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="[BIG]"></A><A HREF="../Guide2-14/node7.html"><IMG BORDER=0 SRC="../icons/zoom14.gif" ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="[Normal]"></A><A HREF="../Guide2-10/node7.html"><IMG BORDER=0 SRC="../icons/zoom10.gif" ALIGN=BOTTOM ALT="[small]"></A><BR><B> Next: </B> <A NAME=tex2html508 HREF="node8.html">1.3 Free format</A><B>Up: </B> <A NAME=tex2html506 HREF="node5.html">1 General</A><B> Prev: </B> <A NAME=tex2html500 HREF="node6.html">1.1 Introduction</A><B><A HREF="node58.html" >Index</A></B><B><A HREF="node2.html" >Contents</A></B><BR> <HR><P><ADDRESS></ADDRESS></BODY></HTML>⌨️ 快捷键说明
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