abstract.php

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        }

        if ($value instanceof Zend_Db_Expr) {
            return $value->__toString();
        }

        if (is_array($value)) {
            foreach ($value as &$val) {
                $val = $this->quote($val, $type);
            }
            return implode(', ', $value);
        }

        if ($type !== null && array_key_exists($type = strtoupper($type), $this->_numericDataTypes)) {
            switch ($this->_numericDataTypes[$type]) {
                case Zend_Db::INT_TYPE: // 32-bit integer
                    return (string) intval($value);
                    break;
                case Zend_Db::BIGINT_TYPE: // 64-bit integer
                    // ANSI SQL-style hex literals (e.g. x'[\dA-F]+')
                    // are not supported here, because these are string
                    // literals, not numeric literals.
                    if (preg_match('/^(
                          [+-]?                  # optional sign
                          (?:
                            0[Xx][\da-fA-F]+     # ODBC-style hexadecimal
                            |\d+                 # decimal or octal, or MySQL ZEROFILL decimal
                            (?:[eE][+-]?\d+)?    # optional exponent on decimals or octals
                          )
                        )/x',
                        (string) $value, $matches)) {
                        return $matches[1];
                    }
                    break;
                case Zend_Db::FLOAT_TYPE: // float or decimal
                    return (string) floatval($value);
                    break;
            }
            return '0';
        }

        return $this->_quote($value);
    }

    /**
     * Quotes a value and places into a piece of text at a placeholder.
     *
     * The placeholder is a question-mark; all placeholders will be replaced
     * with the quoted value.   For example:
     *
     * <code>
     * $text = "WHERE date < ?";
     * $date = "2005-01-02";
     * $safe = $sql->quoteInto($text, $date);
     * // $safe = "WHERE date < '2005-01-02'"
     * </code>
     *
     * @param string  $text  The text with a placeholder.
     * @param mixed   $value The value to quote.
     * @param string  $type  OPTIONAL SQL datatype
     * @param integer $count OPTIONAL count of placeholders to replace
     * @return string An SQL-safe quoted value placed into the orignal text.
     */
    public function quoteInto($text, $value, $type = null, $count = null)
    {
        if ($count === null) {
            return str_replace('?', $this->quote($value, $type), $text);
        } else {
            while ($count > 0) {
                if (strpos($text, '?') != false) {
                    $text = substr_replace($text, $this->quote($value), strpos($text, '?'), 1);
                }
                --$count;
            }
            return $text;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Quotes an identifier.
     *
     * Accepts a string representing a qualified indentifier. For Example:
     * <code>
     * $adapter->quoteIdentifier('myschema.mytable')
     * </code>
     * Returns: "myschema"."mytable"
     *
     * Or, an array of one or more identifiers that may form a qualified identifier:
     * <code>
     * $adapter->quoteIdentifier(array('myschema','my.table'))
     * </code>
     * Returns: "myschema"."my.table"
     *
     * The actual quote character surrounding the identifiers may vary depending on
     * the adapter.
     *
     * @param string|array|Zend_Db_Expr $ident The identifier.
     * @param boolean $auto If true, heed the AUTO_QUOTE_IDENTIFIERS config option.
     * @return string The quoted identifier.
     */
    public function quoteIdentifier($ident, $auto=false)
    {
        return $this->_quoteIdentifierAs($ident, null, $auto);
    }

    /**
     * Quote a column identifier and alias.
     *
     * @param string|array|Zend_Db_Expr $ident The identifier or expression.
     * @param string $alias An alias for the column.
     * @param boolean $auto If true, heed the AUTO_QUOTE_IDENTIFIERS config option.
     * @return string The quoted identifier and alias.
     */
    public function quoteColumnAs($ident, $alias, $auto=false)
    {
        return $this->_quoteIdentifierAs($ident, $alias, $auto);
    }

    /**
     * Quote a table identifier and alias.
     *
     * @param string|array|Zend_Db_Expr $ident The identifier or expression.
     * @param string $alias An alias for the table.
     * @param boolean $auto If true, heed the AUTO_QUOTE_IDENTIFIERS config option.
     * @return string The quoted identifier and alias.
     */
    public function quoteTableAs($ident, $alias = null, $auto=false)
    {
        return $this->_quoteIdentifierAs($ident, $alias, $auto);
    }

    /**
     * Quote an identifier and an optional alias.
     *
     * @param string|array|Zend_Db_Expr $ident The identifier or expression.
     * @param string $alias An optional alias.
     * @param string $as The string to add between the identifier/expression and the alias.
     * @param boolean $auto If true, heed the AUTO_QUOTE_IDENTIFIERS config option.
     * @return string The quoted identifier and alias.
     */
    protected function _quoteIdentifierAs($ident, $alias = null, $auto = false, $as = ' AS ')
    {
        if ($ident instanceof Zend_Db_Expr) {
            $quoted = $ident->__toString();
        } elseif ($ident instanceof Zend_Db_Select) {
            $quoted = '(' . $ident->__toString() . ')';
        } else {
            if (is_string($ident)) {
                $ident = explode('.', $ident);
            }
            if (is_array($ident)) {
                $segments = array();
                foreach ($ident as $segment) {
                    if ($segment instanceof Zend_Db_Expr) {
                        $segments[] = $segment->__toString();
                    } else {
                        $segments[] = $this->_quoteIdentifier($segment, $auto);
                    }
                }
                if ($alias !== null && end($ident) == $alias) {
                    $alias = null;
                }
                $quoted = implode('.', $segments);
            } else {
                $quoted = $this->_quoteIdentifier($ident, $auto);
            }
        }
        if ($alias !== null) {
            $quoted .= $as . $this->_quoteIdentifier($alias, $auto);
        }
        return $quoted;
    }

    /**
     * Quote an identifier.
     *
     * @param  string $value The identifier or expression.
     * @param boolean $auto If true, heed the AUTO_QUOTE_IDENTIFIERS config option.
     * @return string        The quoted identifier and alias.
     */
    protected function _quoteIdentifier($value, $auto=false)
    {
        if ($auto === false || $this->_autoQuoteIdentifiers === true) {
            $q = $this->getQuoteIdentifierSymbol();
            return ($q . str_replace("$q", "$q$q", $value) . $q);
        }
        return $value;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the symbol the adapter uses for delimited identifiers.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function getQuoteIdentifierSymbol()
    {
        return '"';
    }

    /**
     * Return the most recent value from the specified sequence in the database.
     * This is supported only on RDBMS brands that support sequences
     * (e.g. Oracle, PostgreSQL, DB2).  Other RDBMS brands return null.
     *
     * @param string $sequenceName
     * @return string
     */
    public function lastSequenceId($sequenceName)
    {
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * Generate a new value from the specified sequence in the database, and return it.
     * This is supported only on RDBMS brands that support sequences
     * (e.g. Oracle, PostgreSQL, DB2).  Other RDBMS brands return null.
     *
     * @param string $sequenceName
     * @return string
     */
    public function nextSequenceId($sequenceName)
    {
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * Helper method to change the case of the strings used
     * when returning result sets in FETCH_ASSOC and FETCH_BOTH
     * modes.
     *
     * This is not intended to be used by application code,
     * but the method must be public so the Statement class
     * can invoke it.
     *
     * @param string $key
     * @returns string
     */
    public function foldCase($key)
    {
        switch ($this->_caseFolding) {
            case Zend_Db::CASE_LOWER:
                return strtolower((string) $key);
            case Zend_Db::CASE_UPPER:
                return strtoupper((string) $key);
            case Zend_Db::CASE_NATURAL:
            default:
                return (string) $key;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Abstract Methods
     */

    /**
     * Returns a list of the tables in the database.
     *
     * @return array
     */
    abstract public function listTables();

    /**
     * Returns the column descriptions for a table.
     *
     * The return value is an associative array keyed by the column name,
     * as returned by the RDBMS.
     *
     * The value of each array element is an associative array
     * with the following keys:
     *
     * SCHEMA_NAME => string; name of database or schema
     * TABLE_NAME  => string;
     * COLUMN_NAME => string; column name
     * COLUMN_POSITION => number; ordinal position of column in table
     * DATA_TYPE   => string; SQL datatype name of column
     * DEFAULT     => string; default expression of column, null if none
     * NULLABLE    => boolean; true if column can have nulls
     * LENGTH      => number; length of CHAR/VARCHAR
     * SCALE       => number; scale of NUMERIC/DECIMAL
     * PRECISION   => number; precision of NUMERIC/DECIMAL
     * UNSIGNED    => boolean; unsigned property of an integer type
     * PRIMARY     => boolean; true if column is part of the primary key
     * PRIMARY_POSITION => integer; position of column in primary key
     *
     * @param string $tableName
     * @param string $schemaName OPTIONAL
     * @return array
     */
    abstract public function describeTable($tableName, $schemaName = null);

    /**
     * Creates a connection to the database.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    abstract protected function _connect();

    /**
     * Force the connection to close.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    abstract public function closeConnection();

    /**
     * Prepare a statement and return a PDOStatement-like object.
     *
     * @param string|Zend_Db_Select $sql SQL query
     * @return Zend_Db_Statment|PDOStatement
     */
    abstract public function prepare($sql);

    /**
     * Gets the last ID generated automatically by an IDENTITY/AUTOINCREMENT column.
     *
     * As a convention, on RDBMS brands that support sequences
     * (e.g. Oracle, PostgreSQL, DB2), this method forms the name of a sequence
     * from the arguments and returns the last id generated by that sequence.
     * On RDBMS brands that support IDENTITY/AUTOINCREMENT columns, this method
     * returns the last value generated for such a column, and the table name
     * argument is disregarded.
     *
     * @param string $tableName   OPTIONAL Name of table.
     * @param string $primaryKey  OPTIONAL Name of primary key column.
     * @return string
     */
    abstract public function lastInsertId($tableName = null, $primaryKey = null);

    /**
     * Begin a transaction.
     */
    abstract protected function _beginTransaction();

    /**
     * Commit a transaction.
     */
    abstract protected function _commit();

    /**
     * Roll-back a transaction.
     */
    abstract protected function _rollBack();

    /**
     * Set the fetch mode.
     *
     * @param integer $mode
     * @return void
     * @throws Zend_Db_Adapter_Exception
     */
    abstract public function setFetchMode($mode);

    /**
     * Adds an adapter-specific LIMIT clause to the SELECT statement.
     *
     * @param mixed $sql
     * @param integer $count
     * @param integer $offset
     * @return string
     */
    abstract public function limit($sql, $count, $offset = 0);

    /**
     * Check if the adapter supports real SQL parameters.
     *
     * @param string $type 'positional' or 'named'
     * @return bool
     */
    abstract public function supportsParameters($type);

}