select.php

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     * @param  string $tbl The table/join the columns come from.
     * @param  array|string $cols The list of columns; preferably as
     * an array, but possibly as a string containing one column.
     * @return void
     */
    protected function _tableCols($correlationName, $cols)
    {
        if (!is_array($cols)) {
            $cols = array($cols);
        }
        if ($correlationName == null) {
            $correlationName = '';
        }

        foreach ($cols as $alias => $col) {
            $currentCorrelationName = $correlationName;
            if (is_string($col)) {
                // Check for a column matching "<column> AS <alias>" and extract the alias name
                if (preg_match('/^(.+)\s+' . self::SQL_AS . '\s+(.+)$/i', $col, $m)) {
                    $col = $m[1];
                    $alias = $m[2];
                }
                // Check for columns that look like functions and convert to Zend_Db_Expr
                if (preg_match('/\(.*\)/', $col)) {
                    $col = new Zend_Db_Expr($col);
                } elseif (preg_match('/(.+)\.(.+)/', $col, $m)) {
                    $currentCorrelationName = $m[1];
                    $col = $m[2];
                }
            }
            $this->_parts[self::COLUMNS][] = array($currentCorrelationName, $col, is_string($alias) ? $alias : null);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Internal function for creating the where clause
     *
     * @param string   $condition
     * @param string   $value  optional
     * @param string   $type   optional
     * @param boolean  $bool  true = AND, false = OR
     * @return string  clause
     */
    protected function _where($condition, $value = null, $type = null, $bool = true)
    {
        if ($value !== null) {
            $condition = $this->_adapter->quoteInto($condition, $value, $type);
        }

        $cond = "";
        if ($this->_parts[self::WHERE]) {
            if ($bool === true) {
                $cond = self::SQL_AND . ' ';
            } else {
                $cond = self::SQL_OR . ' ';
            }
        }
        
        return $cond . "($condition)";
    }

    /**
     * @return array
     */
    protected function _getDummyTable()
    {
        return array();
    }

    /**
     * Return a quoted schema name
     *
     * @param string   $schema  The schema name OPTIONAL
     * @return string|null
     */
    protected function _getQuotedSchema($schema = null)
    {
        if ($schema === null) {
            return null;
        }
        return $this->_adapter->quoteIdentifier($schema, true) . '.';
    }

    /**
     * Return a quoted table name
     *
     * @param string   $tableName        The table name
     * @param string   $correlationName  The correlation name OPTIONAL
     * @return string
     */
    protected function _getQuotedTable($tableName, $correlationName = null)
    {
        return $this->_adapter->quoteTableAs($tableName, $correlationName, true);
    }

    /**
     * Render DISTINCT clause
     *
     * @param string   $sql SQL query
     * @return string
     */
    protected function _renderDistinct($sql)
    {
        if ($this->_parts[self::DISTINCT]) {
            $sql .= ' ' . self::SQL_DISTINCT;
        }

        return $sql;
    }

    /**
     * Render DISTINCT clause
     *
     * @param string   $sql SQL query
     * @return string
     */
    protected function _renderColumns($sql)
    {
        if (!count($this->_parts[self::COLUMNS])) {
            return null;
        }

        $columns = array();
        foreach ($this->_parts[self::COLUMNS] as $columnEntry) {
            list($correlationName, $column, $alias) = $columnEntry;
            if ($column instanceof Zend_Db_Expr) {
                $columns[] = $this->_adapter->quoteColumnAs($column, $alias, true);
            } else {
                if ($column == self::SQL_WILDCARD) {
                    $column = new Zend_Db_Expr(self::SQL_WILDCARD);
                    $alias = null;
                }
                if (empty($correlationName)) {
                    $columns[] = $this->_adapter->quoteColumnAs($column, $alias, true);
                } else {
                    $columns[] = $this->_adapter->quoteColumnAs(array($correlationName, $column), $alias, true);
                }
            }
        }

        return $sql .= ' ' . implode(', ', $columns);
    }

    /**
     * Render FROM clause
     *
     * @param string   $sql SQL query
     * @return string
     */
    protected function _renderFrom($sql)
    {
        /*
         * If no table specified, use RDBMS-dependent solution
         * for table-less query.  e.g. DUAL in Oracle.
         */
        if (empty($this->_parts[self::FROM])) {
            $this->_parts[self::FROM] = $this->_getDummyTable();
        }

        $from = array();

        foreach ($this->_parts[self::FROM] as $correlationName => $table) {
            $tmp = '';

            // Add join clause (if applicable)
            if (! empty($from)) {
                $tmp .= ' ' . strtoupper($table['joinType']) . ' ';
            }

            $tmp .= $this->_getQuotedSchema($table['schema']);
            $tmp .= $this->_getQuotedTable($table['tableName'], $correlationName);

            // Add join conditions (if applicable)
            if (!empty($from) && ! empty($table['joinCondition'])) {
                $tmp .= ' ' . self::SQL_ON . ' ' . $table['joinCondition'];
            }

            // Add the table name and condition add to the list
            $from[] = $tmp;
        }

        // Add the list of all joins
        if (!empty($from)) {
            $sql .= ' ' . self::SQL_FROM . ' ' . implode("\n", $from);
        }

        return $sql;
    }

    /**
     * Render WHERE clause
     *
     * @param string   $sql SQL query
     * @return string
     */
    protected function _renderWhere($sql)
    {
        if ($this->_parts[self::FROM] && $this->_parts[self::WHERE]) {
            $sql .= ' ' . self::SQL_WHERE . ' ' .  implode(' ', $this->_parts[self::WHERE]);
        }

        return $sql;
    }

    /**
     * Render GROUP clause
     *
     * @param string   $sql SQL query
     * @return string
     */
    protected function _renderGroup($sql)
    {
        if ($this->_parts[self::FROM] && $this->_parts[self::GROUP]) {
            $group = array();
            foreach ($this->_parts[self::GROUP] as $term) {
                $group[] = $this->_adapter->quoteIdentifier($term, true);
            }
            $sql .= ' ' . self::SQL_GROUP_BY . ' ' . implode(",\n\t", $group);
        }

        return $sql;
    }

    /**
     * Render HAVING clause
     *
     * @param string   $sql SQL query
     * @return string
     */
    protected function _renderHaving($sql)
    {
        if ($this->_parts[self::FROM] && $this->_parts[self::HAVING]) {
            $sql .= ' ' . self::SQL_HAVING . ' ' . implode(' ', $this->_parts[self::HAVING]);
        }

        return $sql;
    }

    /**
     * Render ORDER clause
     *
     * @param string   $sql SQL query
     * @return string
     */
    protected function _renderOrder($sql)
    {
        if ($this->_parts[self::ORDER]) {
            $order = array();
            foreach ($this->_parts[self::ORDER] as $term) {
                if (is_array($term)) {
                    $order[] = $this->_adapter->quoteIdentifier($term[0], true) . ' ' . $term[1];
                } else {
                    $order[] = $this->_adapter->quoteIdentifier($term, true);
                }
            }
            $sql .= ' ' . self::SQL_ORDER_BY . ' ' . implode(', ', $order);
        }

        return $sql;
    }

    /**
     * Render LIMIT OFFSET clause
     *
     * @param string   $sql SQL query
     * @return string
     */
    protected function _renderLimitoffset($sql)
    {
        $count = 0;
        $offset = 0;

        if (!empty($this->_parts[self::LIMIT_OFFSET])) {
            $offset = (int) $this->_parts[self::LIMIT_OFFSET];
            // This should reduce to the max integer PHP can support
            $count = intval(9223372036854775807);
        }

        if (!empty($this->_parts[self::LIMIT_COUNT])) {
            $count = (int) $this->_parts[self::LIMIT_COUNT];
        }

        /*
         * Add limits clause
         */
        if ($count > 0) {
            $sql = trim($this->_adapter->limit($sql, $count, $offset));
        }

        return $sql;
    }

    /**
     * Render FOR UPDATE clause
     *
     * @param string   $sql SQL query
     * @return string
     */
    protected function _renderForupdate($sql)
    {
        if ($this->_parts[self::FOR_UPDATE]) {
            $sql .= ' ' . self::SQL_FOR_UPDATE;
        }

        return $sql;
    }

    /**
     * Turn magic function calls into non-magic function calls
     * for joinUsing syntax
     *
     * @param string $method
     * @param array $args OPTIONAL Zend_Db_Table_Select query modifier
     * @return Zend_Db_Select
     * @throws Zend_Db_Select_Exception If an invalid method is called.
     */
    protected function __call($method, array $args)
    {
        $matches = array();

        /**
         * Recognize methods for Has-Many cases:
         * findParent<Class>()
         * findParent<Class>By<Rule>()
         * Use the non-greedy pattern repeat modifier e.g. \w+?
         */
        if (preg_match('/^join([a-zA-Z]*?)Using$/', $method, $matches)) {
            $type = strtolower($matches[1]);
            if ($type) {
                $type .= ' join';
                if (!in_array($type, self::$_joinTypes)) {
                    require_once 'Zend/Db/Select/Exception.php';
                    throw new Zend_Db_Select_Exception("Unrecognized method '$method()'");
                }
                if (in_array($type, array(self::CROSS_JOIN, self::NATURAL_JOIN))) {
                    require_once 'Zend/Db/Select/Exception.php';
                    throw new Zend_Db_Select_Exception("Cannot perform a joinUsing with method '$method()'");
                }
            } else {
                $type = self::INNER_JOIN;
            }
            array_unshift($args, $type);
            return call_user_func_array(array($this, '_joinUsing'), $args);
        }

        require_once 'Zend/Db/Select/Exception.php';
        throw new Zend_Db_Select_Exception("Unrecognized method '$method()'");
    }

    /**
     * Converts this object to an SQL SELECT string.
     *
     * @return string This object as a SELECT string.
     */
    public function __toString()
    {
        $sql = self::SQL_SELECT;
        foreach (array_keys(self::$_partsInit) as $part) {
            $method = '_render' . ucfirst($part);
            if (method_exists($this, $method)) {
                $sql = $this->$method($sql);
            }
        }
        return $sql;
    }

}