📄 模电基础知识2008.mht
字号:
615;等方面不及真空器件=
;。</span><span
lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:15.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:15.0pt;font-family:SimSun;mso=
-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>  =
</span><span
lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:15.0pt'>2</span><span style=3D'font-size:15=
.0pt;
font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-f=
amily:
"Times New Roman"'>、什么是本征半=
导体和杂质半导体?</s=
pan><span
lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:15.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:15.0pt;font-family:SimSun;mso=
-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>  =
答:纯净的半导体就=
6159;本征半导体,在元ಃ=
2;周期表中它们一般都&=
#26159;中价元素。在本征=
322;导体中按极小的比例=
;掺入高一价或低一价&#=
30340;杂质元素之后便获ô=
71;杂质半导体。</span><span
lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:15.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:15.0pt;font-family:SimSun;mso=
-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>  =
</span><span
lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:15.0pt'>3</span><span style=3D'font-size:15=
.0pt;
font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-f=
amily:
"Times New Roman"'>、空穴是一种载=
流子吗</span><span
lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:15.0pt'>?</span><span style=3D'font-size:15=
.0pt;
font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-f=
amily:
"Times New Roman"'>空穴导电时电子=
运动吗</span><span
lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:15.0pt'>?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:15.0pt;font-family:SimSun;mso=
-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>  =
答:不是,但是在它=
0340;运动中可以将其等ਠ=
8;为载流子。空穴导电&=
#26102;等电量的电子会沿=
854;反方向运动。</span><span
lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:15.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:15.0pt;font-family:SimSun;mso=
-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>  =
</span><span
lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:15.0pt'>4</span><span style=3D'font-size:15=
.0pt;
font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-f=
amily:
"Times New Roman"'>、制备杂质半导=
体时一般按什么比例=
2312;本征半导体中掺杂ᦃ=
1;</span><span
lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:15.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:15.0pt;font-family:SimSun;mso=
-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>  =
答:按百万分之一数=
7327;级的比例掺入。</span><span
lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:15.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:15.0pt;font-family:SimSun;mso=
-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>  =
</span><span
lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:15.0pt'>5</span><span style=3D'font-size:15=
.0pt;
font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-f=
amily:
"Times New Roman"'>、什么是</span><span lang=3DEN-US
style=3D'font-size:15.0pt'>N</span><span style=3D'font-size:15.0pt;font-fam=
ily:
SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times=
New Roman"'>型半导体</span><span
lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:15.0pt'>?</span><span style=3D'font-size:15=
.0pt;
font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-f=
amily:
"Times New Roman"'>什么是</span><span lang=3DEN-US
style=3D'font-size:15.0pt'>P</span><span style=3D'font-size:15.0pt;font-fam=
ily:
SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times=
New Roman"'>型半导体</span><span
lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:15.0pt'>?</span><span style=3D'font-size:15=
.0pt;
font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-f=
amily:
"Times New Roman"'>当两种半导体制=
作在一起时会产生什=
0040;现象</span><span
lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:15.0pt'>?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:15.0pt;font-family:SimSun;mso=
-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>  =
答:多数载子为自由=
0005;子的半导体叫</span><span
lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:15.0pt'>N</span><span style=3D'font-size:15=
.0pt;
font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-f=
amily:
"Times New Roman"'>型半导体。反之=
,多数载子为空穴的=
1322;导体叫</span><span
lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:15.0pt'>P</span><span style=3D'font-size:15=
.0pt;
font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-f=
amily:
"Times New Roman"'>型半导体。</span><span
lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:15.0pt'>P</span><span style=3D'font-size:15=
.0pt;
font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-f=
amily:
"Times New Roman"'>型半导体与</span><span
lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:15.0pt'>N</span><span style=3D'font-size:15=
.0pt;
font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-f=
amily:
"Times New Roman"'>型半导体接合后=
</span><span
lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:15.0pt'> </span><span style=3D'font-si=
ze:15.0pt;
font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-f=
amily:
"Times New Roman"'>便会形成</span><span lang=3DEN-US
style=3D'font-size:15.0pt'>P-N</span><span style=3D'font-size:15.0pt;font-f=
amily:
SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times=
New Roman"'>结。</span><span
lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:15.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:15.0pt;font-family:SimSun;mso=
-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>  =
</span><span
lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:15.0pt'>6</span><span style=3D'font-size:15=
.0pt;
font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-f=
amily:
"Times New Roman"'>、</span><span lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:15.=
0pt'>PN</span><span
style=3D'font-size:15.0pt;font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times N=
ew Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>结最主要&#=
30340;物理特性是什么?</spa=
n><span
lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:15.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:15.0pt;font-family:SimSun;mso=
-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>  =
答:单向导电能力和=
6739;为敏感的温度特性Ӎ=
0;</span><span
lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:15.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:15.0pt;font-family:SimSun;mso=
-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>  =
</span><span
lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:15.0pt'>7</span><span style=3D'font-size:15=
.0pt;
font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-f=
amily:
"Times New Roman"'>、</span><span lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:15.=
0pt'>PN</span><span
style=3D'font-size:15.0pt;font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times N=
ew Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>结还有那&#=
20123;名称?</span><span
lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:15.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:15.0pt;font-family:SimSun;mso=
-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>  =
答:空间电荷区、阻=
5377;层、耗尽层等。</span><span
lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:15.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:15.0pt;font-family:SimSun;mso=
-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>  =
</span><span
lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:15.0pt'>8</span><span style=3D'font-size:15=
.0pt;
font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-f=
amily:
"Times New Roman"'>、</span><span lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:15.=
0pt'>PN</span><span
style=3D'font-size:15.0pt;font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times N=
ew Roman";
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>结上所加&#=
31471;电压与电流是线性į=
40;吗</span><span
lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:15.0pt'>?</span><span style=3D'font-size:15=
.0pt;
font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-f=
amily:
"Times New Roman"'>它为什么具有单=
向导电性</span><span
lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:15.0pt'>?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:15.0pt;font-family:SimSun;mso=
-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>  =
答:不是线性的,加=
9978;正向电压时,</span><span
lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:15.0pt'>P</span><span style=3D'font-size:15=
.0pt;
font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-f=
amily:
"Times New Roman"'>区的空穴与</span><span
lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:15.0pt'>N</span><span style=3D'font-size:15=
.0pt;
font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-f=
amily:
"Times New Roman"'>区的电子在正向=
电压所建立的电场下=
0456;互吸引产生复合现ฉ=
7;,导致阻挡层变薄,&=
#27491;向电流随电压的增&=
271;按指数规律增长,宏=
;观上呈现导通状态,&#=
32780;加上反向电压时,÷=
73;况与前述正好相反,=
阻挡层变厚,电流几=
0046;完全为零,宏观上࡭=
6;现截止状态。这就是<=
/span><span
lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:15.0pt'>PN</span><span style=3D'font-size:1=
5.0pt;
font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-f=
amily:
"Times New Roman"'>结的单向导电特=
性。</span><span
lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:15.0pt'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:15.0pt;font-family:SimSun;mso=
-ascii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>  =
</span><span
lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-size:15.0pt'>9</span><span style=3D'font-size:15=
.0pt;
font-family:SimSun;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-f=
amily:
"Times New Roman"'>、在</span><span lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-=
size:
15.0pt'>PN</span><span style=3D'font-size:15.0pt;font-family:SimSun;mso-asc=
ii-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>结加=
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