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Section. 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a 
punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall 
exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.

Section. 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate 
legislation.

                    Article. XIV.

         [Proposed 1866; Ratified Under Duress 1868] 

Section. 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and 
subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and 
of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law 
which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United 
States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or 
property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its 
jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.

Section. 2. Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States 
according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons 
in each State, excluding Indians not taxed. But when the right to vote at 
any election for the choice of electors for President and Vice President of 
the United States, Representatives in Congress, the Executive and Judicial 
officers of a State, or the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to 
any of the male inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years of age, 
and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for 
participation in rebellion, or other crime, the basis of representation 
therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male 
citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of 
age in such State.

Section. 3. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or 
elector of President and Vice President, or hold any office, civil or 
military, under the United States, or under any State, who, having 
previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the 
United States, or as a member of any State legislature, or as an executive 
or judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the United 
States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or 
given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may by a vote of 
two-thirds of each House, remove such disability.

Section. 4. The validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized 
by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for 
services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. 
But neither the United States nor any State shall assume or pay any debt or 
obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United 
States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave; but all such 
debts, obligations and claims shall be held illegal and void.

Section. 5. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate
legislation, the provisions of this article.

                    Article. XV.

               [Proposed 1869; Ratified 1870]

Section. 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be
denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of
race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

Section. 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by
appropriate legislation.

                    Article. XVI.

         [Proposed 1909; Questionably Ratified 1913] 

The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from
whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several
States, and without regard to any census or enumeration.

                  [Article. XVII.]

  [Proposed 1912; Ratified 1913; Possibly Unconstitutional (See
           Article V, Clause 3 of the Constitution)]

The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each 
State, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall 
have one vote. The electors in each State shall have the qualifications 
requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State 
legislatures.

When vacancies happen in the representation of any State in the Senate, the 
executive authority of such State shall issue writs of election to fill such 
vacancies: Provided, That the legislature of any State may empower the 
executive thereof to make temporary appointments until the people fill the 
vacancies by election as the legislature may direct.

This amendment shall not be so construed as to affect the election or term
of any Senator chosen before it becomes valid as part of the Constitution.

                  Article. [XVIII.]

  [Proposed 1917; Ratified 1919; Repealed 1933 (See Amendment
                   XXI, Section 1</A>)]

Section. 1. After one year from the ratification of this article the 
manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors within, the 
importation thereof into, or the exportation thereof from the United States 
and all territory subject to the jurisdiction thereof for beverage purposes 
is hereby prohibited.

Section. 2. The Congress and the several States shall have concurrent power 
to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

Section. 3. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been 
ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of the 
several States, as provided in the Constitution, within seven years from the 
date of the submission hereof to the States by the Congress.

                   Article. [XIX.]

               [Proposed 1919; Ratified 1920]

The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or
abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.

Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate
legislation.

               [Unratified Article.]

                [Proposed 1926; Unratified]

Article--

Section. 1. The Congress shall have power to limit, regulate, and prohibit
the labor of persons under eighteen years of age.

Section. 2. The power of the several States is unimpaired by this article
except that the operation of State laws shall be suspended to the extent
necessary to give effect to legislation enacted by the Congress.

                   Article. [XX.]

               [Proposed 1932; Ratified 1933]

Section. 1. The terms of the President and Vice President shall end at
noon on the 20th day of January, and the terms of Senators and
Representatives at noon on the 3d day of January, of the years in which
such terms would have ended if this article had not been ratified; and the
terms of their successors shall then begin.

Section. 2. The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and 
such meeting shall begin at noon on the 3d day of January, unless they shall 
by law appoint a different day.

Section. 3. If, at the time fixed for the beginning of the term of the 
President, the President elect shall have died, the Vice President elect 
shall become President. If a President shall not have been chosen before the 
time fixed for the beginning of his term, or if the President elect shall 
have failed to qualify, then the Vice President elect shall act as President 
until a President shall have qualified; and the Congress may by law provide 
for the case wherein neither a President elect nor a Vice President elect 
shall have qualified, declaring who shall then act as President, or the 
manner in which one who is to act shall be selected, and such person shall 
act accordingly until a President or Vice President shall have qualified.

Section. 4. The Congress may by law provide for the case of the death of any 
of the persons from whom the House of Representatives may choose a President 
whenever the right of choice shall have devolved upon them, and for the case 
of the death of any of the persons from whom the Senate may choose a Vice 
President whenever the right of choice shall have devolved upon them.

Section. 5. Sections 1 and 2 shall take effect on the 15th day of October
following the ratification of this article.

Section. 6. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been
ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of
three-fourths of the several States within seven years from the date of its
submission.

                   Article. [XXI.]

               [Proposed 1933; Ratified 1933]

Section. 1. The eighteenth article of amendment to the Constitution of the
United States is hereby repealed.

Section. 2. The transportation or importation into any State, Territory, or
possession of the United States for delivery or use therein of intoxicating
liquors, in violation of the laws thereof, is hereby prohibited.

Section. 3. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been
ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by conventions in the several
States, as provided in the Constitution, within seven years from the date
of the submission hereof to the States by the Congress.

                  Article. [XXII.]

               [Proposed 1947; Ratified 1951]

Section. 1. No person shall be elected to the office of the President more 
than twice, and no person who has held the office of President, or acted as 
President, for more than two years of a term to which some other person was 
elected President shall be elected to the office of the President more than 
once. But this Article shall not apply to any person holding the office of 
President when this Article was proposed by the Congress, and shall not 
prevent any person who may be holding the office of President, or acting as 
President, during the term within which this Article becomes operative from 
holding the office of President or acting as President during the remainder 
of such term.

Section. 2. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been 
ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of 
three-fourths of the several States within seven years from the date of its 
submission to the States by the Congress.

                  Article. [XXIII.]

               [Proposed 1960; Ratified 1961]

Section. 1. The District constituting the seat of Government of the United
States shall appoint in such manner as the Congress may direct:

A number of electors of President and Vice President equal to the whole
number of Senators and Representatives in Congress to which the District
would be entitled if it were a State, but in no event more than the least
populous State; they shall be in addition to those appointed by the States,
but they shall be considered, for the purposes of the election of President
and Vice President, to be electors appointed by a State; and they shall
meet in the District and perform such duties as provided by the twelfth
article of amendment.

Section. 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by
appropriate legislation.

                  Article. [XXIV.]

               [Proposed 1962; Ratified 1964]

Section. 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote in any
primary or other election for President or Vice President, for electors for
President or Vice President, or for Senator or Representative in
Congress, shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any
State by reason of failure to pay any poll tax or other tax.

Section. 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by
appropriate legislation.

                  Article. [XXV.]

               [Proposed 1965; Ratified 1967]

Section. 1. In case of the removal of the President from office or of his
death or resignation, the Vice President shall become President.

Section. 2. Whenever there is a vacancy in the office of the Vice President, 
the President shall nominate a Vice President who shall take office upon 
confirmation by a majority vote of both Houses of Congress.

Section. 3. Whenever the President transmits to the President pro tempore of 
the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives his written 
declaration that he is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his 
office, and until he transmits to them a written declaration to the 
contrary, such powers and duties shall be discharged by the Vice President 
as Acting President.

Section. 4. Whenever the Vice President and a majority of either the 
principal officers of the executive departments or of such other body as 
Congress may by law provide, transmit to the President pro tempore of the 
Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives their written 
declaration that the President is unable to discharge the powers and duties 
of his office, the Vice President shall immediately assume the powers and