fdisk.texi

fdisk 实现源码,可以查询Linux下系统的分区信息

\input texinfo   @c -*-texinfo-*-
@setfilename fdisk.info
@settitle GNU fdisk User's Manual

@set UPDATED 19 August 2006
@set UPDATED-MONTH August 2006
@set EDITION 0.0.1
@set VERSION 0.0.1


@comment @documentencoding ISO-8859-1

@set lq ``
@set rq ''

@ifnottex @c texi2pdf don't understand copying and insertcopying ???
@c modifications must also be done in the titlepage
@copying
Copyright @copyright{} 2006
Free Software Foundation, Inc.

Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or
any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no
Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover
Texts.  A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
Free Documentation License''.
@end copying
@c WTF does the info get the copying output and the plaintext output not ????
@ifplaintext
@insertcopying
@end ifplaintext
@end ifnottex


@titlepage
@title GNU fdisk User Manual
@subtitle GNU fdisk, version @value{VERSION}, @value{UPDATED}
@author Leslie Patrick Polzer @email{polzer@@gnu.org}
@author Milko Krasnomirov Krachounov @email{exabyte@@3mhz.net}

@c @page
@c @vskip 0pt plus 1filll

@c modifications must also be done in the copying block
Copyright @copyright{} 2006
Free Software Foundation, Inc.

Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or
any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no
Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover
Texts.  A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
Free Documentation License''.
@end titlepage


@dircategory GNU partitioning software
@direntry
* fdisk: (fdisk).                          GNU fdisk User Manual
@end direntry

@ifnottex
@node Top
@top GNU fdisk User Manual
@c WTF doesn't texi2html include the titlepage?
@ifhtml
@insertcopying 
@end ifhtml

This document describes the use of GNU Cfdisk, a curses based program
for creating, destroying, resizing, checking and copying hard drive
partitions, and the file systems on them.
@end ifnottex

@shortcontents

@menu
* About::
* Using fdisk::
* Bugs::
* See also::
* Copying this manual::
@end menu


@node About
@chapter About
@menu
* Name::
@end menu

@node Name
@section Name

GNU fdisk @minus{} menu driven partition table manipulator, similar to Linux
fdisk. It has two variants, lfdisk and gfdisk, lfdisk aims to be close to 
Linux fdisk, while gfdisk supports the more advanced disk operations like
partition resizing. When fdisk is called, the default is to run gfdisk. 

@node Using fdisk
@chapter Using fdisk

@menu
* Invoking fdisk::
* Overview::
* Options::
* Commands and usage::
* Units::
@end menu

@node Invoking fdisk
@section Invoking fdisk

@b{fdisk [options] [device]}

@node Overview

@section Overview

Hard disks can be divided into logical disks called @i{partitions}
(or @i{disk slices} in the BSD world), which are described in a @i{partition table}, 
which is also called a @i{disklabel}.

For ordinary use, like file storage or operation system installation, you
will most likely need at least one partition, although with most modern operating system,
you might also want to create several partitions, including one for swap space. For example,
you usually create a seperate partition for home directories. For more information on what
partitions you need for your operating system, look at its installation manual.

@b{GNU fdisk} is a menu driven program for creating and editing partition tables.
It has support for DOS and MAC type partition tables, BSD and SUN type disklabels
and others.

On most GNU/Linux distributions @i{device} is usually one of the following:

@c ---------------------------------------------------------------------
@display
@c ---------------------------------------------------------------------
@quotation
/dev/hda
/dev/hdb
/dev/sda
/dev/sdb

@end quotation
@end display

IDE disks are usually using /dev/hd[a-h] for device names, SCSI disks - /dev/sd[a-p].
The partitions will take the device name followed by the partition number, e.g.
/dev/hda1. If you are using a GNU/Linux operating system, you can see
@i{/usr/src/linux/Documentation/devices.txt} for more infomation on
device naming.

A DOS type partition table can have up to four `primary' partitions, which get
numbers 1-4. One of the primary partitions may be used as an `extended' partition,
which is used as a container for more partitions, which are called `logical' and
take numbers starting from 5.

A BSD/SUN type disklabel can hold up to 8 partitions, and an IRIX/SGI type disk label,
called `dvh' in fdisk, can hold up to 16.

@node Options

@section Options

@table @code
@item @b{@minus{}h, @minus{}@minus{}help}
Displays a help message.

@item @b{@minus{}v, @minus{}@minus{}version}
Displays the program's version.

@item @b{@minus{}L, @minus{}@minus{}linux-fdisk}
Turns  on  Linux  fdisk  compatibility mode. This is the same as running lfdisk.
In this mode, only disk operations supported by Linux fdisk will be available.

@item @b{@minus{}G, @minus{}@minus{}gnu-fdisk}
Turns off Linux fdisk compatibility mode. You will be able to perform more
operations on the disk - create on a partition, resize, move or copy a partition,
with the filesystem on it, or automatically detect deleted partitions.

@item @b{@minus{}i, @minus{}@minus{}interactive}
Where necessary, prompts for user intervention. This is the default, when the
program is started at a terminal.

@item @b{@minus{}p, @minus{}@minus{}script}
Never prompts for user intervention. This is the default, when the program is
not started at a terminal, when it is called from another program. You can use
this mode for scripting, fdisk tries to perform the select the most suitable
choice in every case.

@item @b{@minus{}l, @minus{}@minus{}list}
Lists the partition table on the specified  device  and  exits.  If
there  is  no  device  specified, lists the partition tables on all
detected devices.

@item @b{@minus{}r, @minus{}@minus{}raw-list}
Displays a hex dump of the partition table of the disk, similar to the way Linux fdisk displays the raw data in the partition table, using the "print the raw data in the partition table" from the expert menu.

@item @b{@minus{}u, @minus{}@minus{}unit-sector}
Use sectors, instead of cylinders for a default unit.

@item @b{@minus{}s, @minus{}@minus{}size=}@i{DEVICE}
Displays the size of the partition on @i{DEVICE} is printed on the standard output.

@item @b{@minus{}t, @minus{}@minus{}list-partition-types}
Displays a list of supported partition types and features.

@end table

The following options are available only in lfdisk, for Linux fdisk compatibility.

@table @code
@item @b{@minus{}b, @minus{}@minus{}sector-size=}@i{SIZE}
Specify the sector size of the disk. Valid values are 512, 1024 and
2048. Should be used only on older kernels, which don't  guess  the
correct sector size.


@item @b{@minus{}C, @minus{}@minus{}cylinders=}@i{CYLINDERS}
Specify  the  number of cylinders of the disk. Currently does nothing, it is left
for Linux fdisk compatibility

@item @b{@minus{}H, @minus{}@minus{}heads=}@i{HEADS}
Specify the number of heads of the disk. Reasonable values are  255
or 16.

@item @b{@minus{}S, @minus{}@minus{}sectors=}@i{SECTORS}
Specify  the number of sectors per track. A reasonable value is 63.

@end table


@node Commands and usage

@section Commands and usage

When @b{GNU fdisk} is started, a simple command line interface is displayed. 
A list with the available commands and a short description can displayed by entering
@b{m}. More detailed information about every command is given below. Most operations
are not performed immediately, but only after the user decides to write the partition