📄 [c++对象模型][5]堆栈与函数调用 - itech's blog - 博客园.htm

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<H1 class=postTitle><A class=postTitle2 id=AjaxHolder_ctl01_TitleUrl 
href="http://www.cnblogs.com/itech/archive/2009/02/23/1395515.html">[C++对象模型][5]堆栈与函数调用</A> 
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<P>一 C++程序内存分配</P>
<P><SPAN style="COLOR: #ff0000">1) 
在栈上创建。在执行函数时，函数内局部变量的存储单元都在栈上创建，函数执行结束时这些存储单元自动被释放。栈内存分配运算内置于处理器的指令集中，一般使用寄存器来存取，效率很高，但是分配的内存容量有限。 
<BR>2) 
从堆上分配，亦称动态内存分配。程序在运行的时候用malloc或new申请任意多少的内存，程序员自己负责在何时用free或delete来释放内存。动态内存的生存期由程序员自己决定，使用非常灵活。 
<BR>3) 从静态存储区域分配。内存在程序编译的时候就已经分配好，这块内存在程序的整个运行期间都存在。例如全局变量，static变量。 <BR>4) 
文字常量分配在文字常量区，程序结束后由系统释放。 <BR>5）程序代码区。 </SPAN></P>
<P>经典实例：</P>
<P>&nbsp;</P>
<DIV class=cnblogs_code><IMG id=Code_Closed_Image_170313 style="DISPLAY: none" 
onclick="this.style.display='none'; document.getElementById('Code_Closed_Text_170313').style.display='none'; document.getElementById('Code_Open_Image_170313').style.display='inline'; document.getElementById('Code_Open_Text_170313').style.display='inline';" 
height=16 
src="[C++对象模型][5]堆栈与函数调用 - iTech's Blog - 博客园.files/ContractedBlock.gif" 
width=11 align=top><IMG id=Code_Open_Image_170313 
onclick="this.style.display='none'; document.getElementById('Code_Open_Text_170313').style.display='none'; getElementById('Code_Closed_Image_170313').style.display='inline'; getElementById('Code_Closed_Text_170313').style.display='inline';" 
height=16 
src="[C++对象模型][5]堆栈与函数调用 - iTech's Blog - 博客园.files/ExpandedBlockStart.gif" 
width=11 align=top><SPAN class=cnblogs_code_Collapse 
id=Code_Closed_Text_170313>Code</SPAN><SPAN id=Code_Open_Text_170313> <BR><!--<br /><br />Code highlighting produced by Actipro CodeHighlighter (freeware)<br />http://www.CodeHighlighter.com/<br /><br />--><SPAN 
style="COLOR: #000000">#include </SPAN><SPAN 
style="COLOR: #000000">&lt;</SPAN><SPAN 
style="COLOR: #0000ff">string</SPAN><SPAN 
style="COLOR: #000000">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #000000"> 
<BR><BR></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0000ff">int</SPAN><SPAN 
style="COLOR: #000000"> a</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #000000">=</SPAN><SPAN 
style="COLOR: #800080">0</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #000000">;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #008000">//</SPAN><SPAN 
style="COLOR: #008000">全局初始化区</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #008000"> 
<BR></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0000ff">char</SPAN><SPAN 
style="COLOR: #000000">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #000000">*</SPAN><SPAN 
style="COLOR: #000000">p1;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN 
style="COLOR: #008000">//</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #008000">全局未初始化区</SPAN><SPAN 
style="COLOR: #008000"> <BR></SPAN><SPAN 
style="COLOR: #000000">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN 
style="COLOR: #0000ff">void</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #000000"> main() <BR>{ 
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0000ff">int</SPAN><SPAN 
style="COLOR: #000000"> b;</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #008000">//</SPAN><SPAN 
style="COLOR: #008000">栈</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #008000"> <BR></SPAN><SPAN 
style="COLOR: #000000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN 
style="COLOR: #0000ff">char</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #000000"> s[]</SPAN><SPAN 
style="COLOR: #000000">=</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #800000">"</SPAN><SPAN 
style="COLOR: #800000">abc</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #800000">"</SPAN><SPAN 
style="COLOR: #000000">;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN 
style="COLOR: #008000">//</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #008000">栈</SPAN><SPAN 
style="COLOR: #008000"> <BR></SPAN><SPAN 
style="COLOR: #000000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN 
style="COLOR: #0000ff">char</SPAN><SPAN 
style="COLOR: #000000">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #000000">*</SPAN><SPAN 
style="COLOR: #000000">p2;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #008000">//</SPAN><SPAN 
style="COLOR: #008000">栈</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #008000"> <BR></SPAN><SPAN 
style="COLOR: #000000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN 
style="COLOR: #0000ff">char</SPAN><SPAN 
style="COLOR: #000000">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #000000">*</SPAN><SPAN 
style="COLOR: #000000">p3</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #000000">=</SPAN><SPAN 
style="COLOR: #800000">"</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #800000">123456</SPAN><SPAN 
style="COLOR: #800000">"</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #000000">;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #008000">//</SPAN><SPAN 
style="COLOR: #008000">123456\0在常量区，p3在栈上。</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #008000"> 
<BR></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #000000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN 
style="COLOR: #0000ff">static</SPAN><SPAN 
style="COLOR: #000000">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0000ff">int</SPAN><SPAN 
style="COLOR: #000000"> c</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #000000">=</SPAN><SPAN 
style="COLOR: #800080">0</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #000000">;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #008000">//</SPAN><SPAN 
style="COLOR: #008000">全局（静态）初始化区</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #008000"> 
<BR></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #000000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; p1 </SPAN><SPAN 
style="COLOR: #000000">=</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #000000"> (</SPAN><SPAN 
style="COLOR: #0000ff">char</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #000000">*</SPAN><SPAN 
style="COLOR: #000000">)malloc(</SPAN><SPAN 
style="COLOR: #800080">10</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #000000">); 
<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; p2 </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #000000">=</SPAN><SPAN 
style="COLOR: #000000"> (</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0000ff">char</SPAN><SPAN 
style="COLOR: #000000">*</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #000000">)malloc(</SPAN><SPAN 
style="COLOR: #800080">20</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #000000">);&nbsp;&nbsp; 
</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #008000">//</SPAN><SPAN 
style="COLOR: #008000">分配得来得10和20字节的区域就在堆区。</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #008000"> 
<BR></SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #000000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 
strcpy(p1,</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #800000">"</SPAN><SPAN
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