📄 sec5-1.htm
字号:
lang=ZH-CN>的元素列为</span><span lang=EN-US>0001101100111...</span><span
lang=ZH-CN>，则</span><span lang=EN-US>symbol(bit)</span><span lang=ZH-CN>是用</span><span
lang=EN-US>{F,M}</span><span lang=ZH-CN>字符构成的</span><span lang=EN-US>100</span><span
lang=ZH-CN>字节的字符型数组</span><span lang=EN-US>FFFMMFMMFFMMM</span><span
lang=EN-US style='mso-fareast-language:JA'>...</span><span lang=ZH-CN>。</span><span
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:72.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:
6.0;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span
lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'><span lang=ZH-CN>向量下标的值应该在定义的边界之内，向量下标可以有多个重复的值，此数组片段称为<span
style='color:fuchsia'>多对一数组片段</span>。</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:47.4pt;mso-char-indent-count:
3.95;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span
lang=ZH-CN>例：</span><span lang=EN-US>REAL A(3,3),B(4)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:72.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:
6.0;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-outline-level:1;
mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span lang=EN-US>INTEGER K(4)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:72.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:
6.0;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span
lang=EN-US>K=(/3,1,1,2/)<span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>
</span>!K</span><span lang=ZH-CN>矢量有重复值</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:72.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:
6.0;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span
lang=EN-US>A=5.0<span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>
</span>!</span><span lang=ZH-CN>设置</span><span lang=EN-US>A</span><span
lang=ZH-CN>的所有元素</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:72.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:
6.0;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span
lang=EN-US>B=A(3,K)<span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>
</span>!</span><span lang=ZH-CN>数组片段</span><span lang=EN-US>B</span><span
lang=ZH-CN>由下列元素组成：</span><span lang=EN-US>A(3,3),A(3,1),A(3,1),A(3,2)</span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'><span lang=ZH-CN>因为在</span><span lang=EN-US>B(4)</span><span
lang=ZH-CN>或</span><span lang=EN-US>A(3,K)</span><span lang=ZH-CN>中有重复的元素</span><span
lang=EN-US>A(3,1)</span><span lang=ZH-CN>，所以它是多对一数组片段。一个多对一数组片段不能出现在赋值语句的左端。</span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-top:15.6pt;margin-right:0cm;
margin-bottom:15.6pt;margin-left:0cm;mso-para-margin-top:1.0gd;mso-para-margin-right:
0cm;mso-para-margin-bottom:1.0gd;mso-para-margin-left:0cm;text-align:center;
mso-outline-level:1'><a name="第5_1_2"><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;
mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:楷体_GB2312'>5.1.2</span></a><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:
楷体_GB2312'> </span><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-size:16.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:楷体_GB2312;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:red'>数组类型</span><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:楷体_GB2312'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p style='margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo4;
tab-stops:list 18.0pt'><a name="第5_1_2a"></a><![if !supportLists]><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:red'><span
style='mso-list:Ignore'>a)<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-family:宋体;
color:red'>显式形状</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-font-kerning:1.0pt'>(Explicit-shape)</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-family:宋体;color:red'>数组</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:宋体;color:red'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'><span lang=ZH-CN>这种数组指定了所有特征：固定的秩、每一维的长度和形状。其中下界是可以忽略的。它的一般形式是：</span><span
lang=EN-US style='color:#FF9900'>([</span><span lang=ZH-CN style='color:#FF9900'>下界</span><span
lang=EN-US style='color:#FF9900'>:]</span><span lang=ZH-CN style='color:#FF9900'>上界</span><span
lang=EN-US style='color:#FF9900'>[,[</span><span lang=ZH-CN style='color:#FF9900'>下界</span><span
lang=EN-US style='color:#FF9900'>:]</span><span lang=ZH-CN style='color:#FF9900'>上界</span><span
lang=EN-US style='color:#FF9900'>]</span><span lang=ZH-CN style='color:#FF9900'>…</span><span
lang=EN-US style='color:#FF9900'>)</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:47.4pt;mso-char-indent-count:
3.95;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span
lang=ZH-CN>例：</span><span lang=EN-US>INTEGER M(10,10,10),K(-3:6,</span><st1:time
Minute="13" Hour="4"><span lang=EN-US>4:13</span></st1:time><span lang=EN-US>,0:9)</span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'><span lang=ZH-CN>维界可以是常数或变量。在过程</span><span lang=EN-US>(</span><span
lang=ZH-CN>函数和子程序</span><span lang=EN-US>)</span><span lang=ZH-CN>中，数组的上界和下界可以由变量或表达式指定。使用变量或表达式的数组是自动数组和可调数组。</span></p>
<p style='margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo4;
tab-stops:list 18.0pt'><a name="第5_1_2b"></a><![if !supportLists]><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:red'><span
style='mso-list:Ignore'>b)<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-family:宋体;
color:red'>自动</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体;color:black'>(Automatic)</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-family:宋体;color:red'>数组</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:宋体;color:red'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'><span lang=ZH-CN>自动数组是显形数组的一种，它是过程中的局域变量，自动数组必须在过程中加以声明，并且它的上下界是不定的表达式。在调用过程时，上下界通过变量或表达式求出。过程中其后的变量或表达式值的变化不会对数组的上下界产生影响。</span><span
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:47.4pt;mso-char-indent-count:
3.95;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span
lang=ZH-CN>例：</span><span lang=EN-US>SUBROUTINE EXAMPLE(N,R1,R2)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:72.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:
6.0;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-outline-level:1;
mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span lang=EN-US>DIMENSION A(N,5),B(10*N)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:72.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:
6.0;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span
lang=ZH-CN>……</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:72.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:
6.0;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-outline-level:1;
mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span lang=EN-US>N=IFIX(R1)+IFIX(R2)</span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'><span lang=ZH-CN>此例中的</span><span lang=EN-US>A</span><span lang=ZH-CN>和</span><span
lang=EN-US>B</span><span lang=ZH-CN>都是自动数组。子程序被调用时，数组</span><span lang=EN-US>A</span><span
lang=ZH-CN>和</span><span lang=EN-US>B</span><span lang=ZH-CN>的上界通过传入的变量</span><span
lang=EN-US>N</span><span lang=ZH-CN>来确定，而以后</span><span lang=EN-US>N</span><span
lang=ZH-CN>的值的变化对</span><span lang=EN-US>A</span><span lang=ZH-CN>和</span><span
lang=EN-US>B</span><span lang=ZH-CN>的大小不会有影响。</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:47.4pt;mso-char-indent-count:
3.95;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span
lang=ZH-CN>例：</span><span lang=EN-US>SUBROUTINE SUB1(A,B)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:95.4pt;mso-char-indent-count:
7.95;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-outline-level:1;
tab-stops:45.8pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;
mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span lang=EN-US>INTEGER A,B,LOWER<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:95.4pt;mso-char-indent-count:
7.95;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-outline-level:1;
tab-stops:45.8pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;
mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span lang=EN-US>COMMON/BOUND/LOWER<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:95.4pt;mso-char-indent-count:
7.95;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;tab-stops:45.8pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;
mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span lang=ZH-CN>……</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:95.4pt;mso-char-indent-count:
7.95;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-outline-level:1;
tab-stops:45.8pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;
mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span lang=EN-US>INTEGER AUTO_ARRAY1(B)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:95.4pt;mso-char-indent-count:
7.95;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-outline-level:1;
tab-stops:45.8pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;
mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span lang=EN-US>INTEGER AUTO_ARRAY2(LOWER:B)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:95.4pt;mso-char-indent-count:
7.95;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-outline-level:1;
tab-stops:45.8pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;
mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span lang=EN-US>INTEGER AUTO_ARRAY3(20,B*A/2)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:95.4pt;mso-char-indent-count:
7.95;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;tab-stops:45.8pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;
mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span lang=ZH-CN>……</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:72.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:
6.0;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-outline-level:1;
mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span lang=EN-US>END SUBROUTINE</span></p>
<p style='margin-left:18.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo4;
tab-stops:list 18.0pt'><a name="第5_1_2c"></a><![if !supportLists]><span
lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;color:red'><span
style='mso-list:Ignore'>c)<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>
</span></span></span><![endif]><span lang=ZH-CN style='font-family:宋体;
color:red'>可调</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:宋体;color:black'>(Adjustable)</span><span
lang=ZH-CN style='font-family:宋体;color:red'>数组</span><span lang=EN-US
style='font-family:宋体;color:red'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='line-height:17.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:
exactly'><span lang=ZH-CN>可调数组也是显形数组的一种，它是过程的一个哑元，至少有一个维界不是常数，这个维界当过程被调用时才被确定。其维界表达式中的变量是哑元，或者是通过</span><span
lang=EN-US>COMMON</span><span lang=ZH-CN>语句中传递的常量。注意多维可调数组的维界表达式必须与调用时的维界相符。</span><span
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:47.4pt;mso-char-indent-count:
3.95;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span
lang=ZH-CN>例：</span><span lang=EN-US>DIMENSION A1(10,35),A2(3,56)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:71.4pt;mso-char-indent-count:
5.95;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;tab-stops:45.8pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;
mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span lang=ZH-CN>……</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:71.4pt;mso-char-indent-count:
5.95;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-outline-level:1;
tab-stops:45.8pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;
mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span lang=EN-US>SUM1=THE_SUM(A1,10,35)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:71.4pt;mso-char-indent-count:
5.95;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-outline-level:1;
tab-stops:45.8pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;
mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span lang=EN-US>SUM2=THE_SUM(A2,3,56)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:71.4pt;mso-char-indent-count:
5.95;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-outline-level:1;
tab-stops:45.8pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;
mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span lang=EN-US>END<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:71.4pt;mso-char-indent-count:
5.95;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;tab-stops:45.8pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;
mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:71.4pt;mso-char-indent-count:
5.95;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-outline-level:1;
tab-stops:45.8pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;
mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span lang=EN-US>FUNCTION THE_SUM(A,M,N)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:71.4pt;mso-char-indent-count:
5.95;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-outline-level:1;
tab-stops:45.8pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;
mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span lang=EN-US>DIMENSION A(M,N)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:71.4pt;mso-char-indent-count:
5.95;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-outline-level:1;
tab-stops:45.8pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;
mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span lang=EN-US>SUMX=0.0<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:71.4pt;mso-char-indent-count:
5.95;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-outline-level:1;
tab-stops:45.8pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;
mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span lang=EN-US>DO J=1,N<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:94.45pt;mso-char-indent-count:
7.87;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-outline-level:1;
tab-stops:45.8pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;
mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span lang=EN-US>DO I=1,M<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:117.85pt;mso-char-indent-count:
9.82;line-height:15.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly;mso-outline-level:1;
tab-stops:45.8pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt;
mso-char-indent-size:12pt'><span lang=EN-US>SUMX=SUMX+A(I,J)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoBodyTextIndent2 style='text-indent:94.45pt;mso-char-indent-count:
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